Wild Fruits(野果)研究综述
Wild Fruits 野果 - Wild fruits are known to possess higher levels of bioactive components than the domesticated fruits because of the severe environmental conditions they are grown in. [1] Contents of metabolites from maqui in TIBs do not differ from those of wild fruits, while antioxidant capacity of phenylpropanoids was preserved during the study. [2] Because it reproduces quickly, uses a variety of cultivated and wild fruits, and is highly mobile, spotted-wing drosophila is difficult to manage. [3] Chagras are complex agroforestry systems developed by indigenous populations of the Amazon region based on shifting agriculture, as part of a system that includes harvesting of wild fruits and plants, hunting and fishing. [4] The mineral content analysis indicates that the wild fruits are rich in valuable macro- and trace elements. [5] The invasive pest Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) is a fruit fly native to Asia that infests a wide variety of cultivated and wild fruits, causing important damages on agricultural production. [6] Twenty-five plant hosts from ten families comprising cultivated and wild fruits have been identified. [7] Wild fruits and vegetables (WFV) are believed to contain substantial quantities of micronutrients and are commonly consumed in rural areas of developing countries endowed with natural vegetation. [8] The value of wild fruits, along with a pleasant taste, is determined by the content of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other biologically active substances that play an important role in human nutrition, regulate metabolic processes, and affect the functions of individual organs. [9] The whole genome of Weissella cibaria strain UTNGt21O isolated from wild fruits of Solanum quitoense (naranjilla) shrub was sequenced and annotated. [10] This insect has tritrophic relation between wild fruits and parasitoids and is associated with apple (Malus domestica Borkh. [11] 70%) and wild fruits (7. [12] Chimpanzees used areas away from villages and agriculture more intensively, but optimised their foraging strategies by increasing their use of village areas with cultivated fruits when wild fruits were scarce. [13] At the early stage of millet domestication, extensive collection of wild fruits and nuts likely made a vital contribution to the food supply. [14] The present study aims to document the indigenous knowledge of the mountain community, regarding medicinal and aromatic plants, wild fruits and vegetables, in the villages around Govind Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park in the Western Himalayas. [15] There are only three species of wild fruits, accounting for 8. [16] Simple Summary Drosophila suzukii is an invasive species that feeds and reproduces on various cultivated and wild fruits and moves between agricultural and semi-natural habitats, such as hedges and forest patches. [17] Wild fruits and resources to make handicrafts were more frequently mentioned by women, whereas timber, materials for making tools and coca leaves were more frequently mentioned by men. [18] Moreover, stable isotope ratios were significantly higher in raccoons than raccoon dogs (Corn has the highest carbon stable isotope (δ13C) value, and amphibians and reptiles are high in nitrogen stable isotope (δ15N); forest resources such as insects and wild fruits are low in δ13C and δ15N). [19] Wild fruits are an important food and income source for many households in Zambia. [20] Wild fruits in the Sudan are known to make significant contribution to rural livelihood systems and regional trade as well. [21] Community members downstream of LHWP dams reported experiencing reduction in fish populations in rivers, grass for thatching and crafts making, wild fruits, livestock grazing pastures, food sources, medicinal plants and timber. [22] Identified forest products that were highly dependent by upstream forest users are water, fuel wood, wild fruits, wild vegetables, mushroom, pastures, herbs and honey, while for downstream users are water supply, honey and herbs. [23] Wild fruits are rich source of healthfully compounds and contain fundamental supplements. [24] Overall, cultivated fruits had significantly lower content of sorbitol than wild fruits. [25] Data were sourced via a survey of 286 households, value chain analysis of the four most commonly traded NTFPs (thatch grass, edible orchids, mushrooms and wild fruits), key informant interviews with NTFP traders and direct observations. [26] We found that food supplementation reduced the ingestion of wild fruits, but it did not affect the howlers’ need to ingest a given amount of leaves per day and the time spent resting, feeding, moving, and socializing. [27] The Early Neolithic period witnessed the widespread uptake of cereals alongside considerable evidence for continued wild plant exploitation, notably hazelnuts and wild fruits. [28] Wild fruits and berries from the walnut-fruit forests of Kyrgyzstan may hold nutritional and health benefits for humans. [29] Other benefits and products obtained from the forest included grazing, building poles, wild fruits, and bush meat. [30] Berries and wild fruits have been gathered by the native Patagonians as food and medicine for over 14,000 years. [31] Yet even though many volatile chemicals used as olfactory signals derive from nutrients animals seek, it is still unknown whether fruit scent encodes information regarding nutrient content in wild fruits. [32] Wild fruits are important food resources that provide health promoting nutraceutical components, which vary with ripening stages. [33] The present chapter focuses on the importance of nutritional and bioactive ingredients of wild fruits from different continents in maintaining the health of human worldwide. [34] One of these wild fruits are Vaccinium species such as Vaccinium myrtoides (Blume) Miq. [35] The wild fruits have assumed a huge role in providing nutrition and dietary prerequisites of poor group in numerous provincial areas of the world. [36] The present study aimed at evaluating nutritional and phytochemical potential of wild fruits of B. [37] Numerous conceivably exploitable types of wild fruits and semi-domesticated species were analyzed in detail for their financial potential. [38] The tribal people use large varieties of wild fruits, vegetables, fodder, medicinal plants, etc. [39] Wild fruits (WFs) are non-timber forest products (NTFPs) which include hundreds of internationally traded and locally utilized forest wild products of biologically origin, in Sudan many traders and collectors were employed in the production process and marketing of WFs but unfortunately the collection is from remote areas and at local level is not organized and the products are passed through long marketing channels to the consumer and end users and sold at very low rate. [40] The content of Ba, Pb, and Sr was significantly higher in wild fruits, whereas Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni and Zn content was higher in cultivated fruits. [41] For this purpose, a questionnaire was administered containing demographic-related items, such as sex, age and school, and the following 11 statements pertaining to different outdoor activities: picking up wild fruits; gardening; climbing trees; catching birds in traps; collecting rocks, minerals and fossils; tracking; visiting farms, zoos and other thematic parks; practising outdoor sports; playing in forested areas; going hunting or fishing with friends and relatives; rappelling and other extreme sports. [42] There was circumstantial evidence that these drivers have resulted in adverse changes in quantities and seasonality of key ecosystem services such as edible Mopane caterpillars, natural pastures, wild fruits and cultivated crops. [43] It is endemic to Southeast Asia, but has also been introduced to various region of the world and became threats to the wide range of cultivated and wild fruits (Drew and Raghu, 2002). [44]众所周知，野生水果比驯化水果具有更高水平的生物活性成分，因为它们生长的环境条件恶劣。 [1] TIBs 中来自 maqui 的代谢物含量与野生水果的含量没有差异，而苯丙烷的抗氧化能力在研究期间得以保留。 [2] 由于繁殖速度快，使用多种栽培和野生水果，而且机动性强，斑点翅果蝇很难管理。 [3] Chagras 是由亚马逊地区土著居民基于不断变化的农业开发的复杂农林业系统，是包括收获野生水果和植物、狩猎和捕鱼的系统的一部分。 [4] 矿物质含量分析表明，野果富含有价值的微量元素和微量元素。 [5] 入侵性害虫 Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) 是一种原产于亚洲的果蝇，它侵染多种栽培和野生水果，对农业生产造成重大损害。 [6] 已经确定了来自 10 个科的 25 个植物宿主，包括栽培水果和野生水果。 [7] 野生水果和蔬菜（WFV）被认为含有大量的微量营养素，通常在拥有天然植被的发展中国家农村地区食用。 [8] 野果的价值和美味，取决于维生素、矿物质、抗氧化剂和其他生物活性物质的含量，这些物质在人体营养、调节代谢过程和影响各个器官的功能方面发挥着重要作用。 [9] 对从茄属灌木野生果实中分离得到的雪茄魏氏菌株UTNGt21O的全基因组进行测序和注释。 [10] 这种昆虫在野果和寄生蜂之间具有三养关系，并与苹果（Malus domestica Borkh. [11] 70%) 和野果 (7. [12] 黑猩猩更密集地使用远离村庄和农业的地区，但通过在野生水果稀缺时增加使用种植水果的村庄区域来优化它们的觅食策略。 [13] 在小米驯化的早期阶段，大量采集的野生水果和坚果可能对粮食供应做出了重要贡献。 [14] 本研究旨在记录西喜马拉雅山脉戈文德野生动物保护区和国家公园周围村庄的山区社区关于药用和芳香植物、野生水果和蔬菜的土著知识。 [15] 野果只有3种，占8种。 [16] 简单总结 铃木果蝇是一种入侵物种，以各种栽培和野生水果为食和繁殖，并在农业和半自然栖息地（如树篱和森林斑块）之间移动。 [17] 野生水果和制作手工艺品的资源更多地被女性提及，而木材、制造工具的材料和古柯叶被男性更多地提及。 [18] 此外，浣熊的稳定同位素比值显着高于貉（玉米的碳稳定同位素（δ13C）值最高，两栖动物和爬行动物的氮稳定同位素（δ15N）含量高；昆虫和野果等森林资源较低）在 δ13C 和 δ15N 中）。 [19] 野生水果是赞比亚许多家庭的重要食物和收入来源。 [20] 众所周知，苏丹的野果对农村生计系统和区域贸易也做出了重大贡献。 [21] LHWP 大坝下游的社区成员报告说，河流中的鱼类数量减少，用于茅草和工艺品制作的草、野果、牲畜放牧草场、食物来源、药用植物和木材。 [22] 上游森林使用者高度依赖的林产品确定为水、薪柴、野果、野菜、蘑菇、牧草、药草和蜂蜜，而下游用户则为供水、蜂蜜和药草。 [23] 野生水果富含健康化合物，并含有基本的补充剂。 [24] 总体而言，栽培水果的山梨糖醇含量明显低于野生水果。 [25] 数据来源于对 286 户家庭的调查、对四种最常交易的 NTFP（茅草、食用兰花、蘑菇和野果）的价值链分析、对 NTFP 贸易商的主要知情人访谈和直接观察。 [26] 我们发现，食物补充剂减少了野生水果的摄入量，但并不影响吼叫者每天摄入一定量叶子的需求以及休息、喂食、移动和社交的时间。 [27] 新石器时代早期见证了谷物的广泛吸收，同时有大量证据表明继续开发野生植物，尤其是榛子和野果。 [28] 来自吉尔吉斯斯坦核桃林的野果和浆果可能对人类具有营养和健康益处。 [29] 从森林中获得的其他好处和产品包括放牧、建筑电线杆、野果和丛林肉。 [30] 14,000 多年来，当地巴塔哥尼亚人将浆果和野果作为食物和药物采集。 [31] 然而，尽管许多用作嗅觉信号的挥发性化学物质来自动物寻找的营养物质，但水果气味是否编码有关野生水果营养成分的信息仍然未知。 [32] 野生水果是重要的食物资源，可提供促进健康的营养成分，这些成分随成熟阶段而异。 [33] 本章重点介绍来自不同大陆的野果的营养和生物活性成分对维持全世界人类健康的重要性。 [34] 其中一种野果是越橘属植物，例如 Vaccinium myrtoides (Blume) Miq。 [35] 野果在为世界许多省级地区的贫困群体提供营养和饮食条件方面发挥了巨大作用。 [36] 本研究旨在评估 B. 野果的营养和植物化学潜力。 [37] 对许多可想象的可开发类型的野生水果和半驯化物种的经济潜力进行了详细分析。 [38] 部落人民使用种类繁多的野生水果、蔬菜、饲料、药用植物等。 [39] 野生水果 (WFs) 是非木材森林产品 (NTFPs)，其中包括数百种国际贸易和当地利用的生物来源森林野生产品，在苏丹，许多贸易商和采集者受雇于 WFs 的生产过程和营销，但不幸的是收集来自偏远地区，在当地没有组织，产品通过漫长的营销渠道传递给消费者和最终用户，并且以非常低的速度销售。 [40] 野果中Ba、Pb、Sr含量显着较高，栽培果中Fe、Mg、Mn、Ni、Zn含量较高。 [41] 为此，我们进行了一份问卷调查，其中包含与人口统计相关的项目，例如性别、年龄和学校，以及以下 11 项与不同户外活动有关的陈述：采摘野果；园艺;爬树;在陷阱中捕捉鸟类；收集岩石、矿物和化石；追踪;参观农场、动物园和其他主题公园；进行户外运动；在林区玩耍；与亲朋好友一起打猎或钓鱼；速降和其他极限运动。 [42] 有间接证据表明，这些驱动因素导致主要生态系统服务的数量和季节性发生不利变化，例如可食用的 Mopane 毛虫、天然牧场、野果和栽培作物。 [43] 它是东南亚特有的，但也已被引入世界各个地区，并对广泛的栽培和野生水果构成威胁（Drew 和 Raghu，2002 年）。 [44]
Edible Wild Fruits
Recently, Researchers have focused their studies on edible wild fruits isolating their bioactive compounds as promising therapies against many health disorders. [1] Edible wild fruits have high nutritional value, high level of carbohydrate, wild leaves consist of several minerals as well as essential amino acid, seeds of wild fruit contains calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. [2] Current study was intended to assess polyphenolics content and antioxidant potential in edible wild fruits used as food and to treat various diseases by the inhabitants of Himalayan region of Pakistan. [3] ABSTRACT Edible wild fruits of five Carpobrotus species (C. [4]最近，研究人员将他们的研究重点放在可食用的野果上，将其生物活性化合物分离出来，作为治疗许多健康疾病的有希望的疗法。 [1] 食用野果营养价值高，碳水化合物含量高，野叶含有多种矿物质和人体必需的氨基酸，野果种子含有钙、磷、镁。 [2] 目前的研究旨在评估用作食物的可食用野果中的多酚含量和抗氧化潜力，并治疗巴基斯坦喜马拉雅地区居民的各种疾病。 [3] 摘要 5 种 Carpobrotus (C. [4]
Underutilized Wild Fruits
This study paves the way for using the underutilized wild fruits of the North-Eastern region of India as a potential source of antipathogenic activity of human pathogens. [1] Therefore, this study aimed to determine the nutritional characteristics of four underutilized wild fruits (Gardenia erubescens, Sclerocarya birrea, Diospyros mespiliformis, and Balanites aegyptiaca) of dietary interest in Ghana. [2]这项研究为利用印度东北部未充分利用的野果作为人类病原体抗病原体活性的潜在来源铺平了道路。 [1] 因此，本研究旨在确定四种未充分利用的野果（Gardenia erubescens、Sclerocarya birrea、Diospyros mespiliformis 和 Balanites aegyptiaca）在加纳的饮食中的营养特征。 [2]