Warm Climates(温暖的气候)研究综述
Warm Climates 温暖的气候 - Key findings include: (a) the most significant variable, particularly on weekdays, is the time of day, followed by precipitation; (b) in most cities, usage increases on weekdays and weekends up to a point around 27 to 28 °C, before declining; (c) usage by hour usually follows a bimodal or trimodal daily pattern on weekdays, except for schemes which are too small to serve a commuter function (weekend and weekday usage is similar in small schemes); (d) weekend usage peaks at around 2 to 3 pm in most schemes, except those in hotter climates where the peak is around 5 pm; (e) precipitation negatively affects female ridership more than male ridership; and, (f) a changing climate is likely to affect cycling by boosting ridership in cold climates and lowering ridership in warm climates, but the effects will likely be small. [1] Citrus are growing in warm climates from tropical to arid conditions in a wide range of temperatures ranging from 10˚C to 35˚C, while, Mediterranean climate is considered the most proper climate for citrus growth and productivity. [2] Though used worldwide, WSPs are especially suitable for developing countries that have warm climates as they are cost-effective, highly efficient, entirely natural, and highly sustainable. [3] acetate, propionate and butyrate) are likely to favor PAOs over GAOs in EBPR processes operated in warm climates, where the impact of substantial butyrate fractions represents an advantage towards successful process operation. [4] In summary, POs and ABA application at veraison, differentially modulatedthe technological ripening of Syrah grapes and can be an alternative to conventional agrochemicals topreserve the quality of musts elaborated from grapes grown in warm climates, by increasing the content ofphenolic compounds and enhancing berry skin color development through the differential accumulationof anthocyanins. [5] Furthermore, our findings suggest that these four proteins are well adapted to habitable temperatures on earth and are largely insensitive to cold and warm climates. [6] The claim that outdoor activities are available only to the population of countries with warm climates is refuted. [7] Heat stress plays a role in livestock production in warm climates. [8] The impact of acclimatization on hormonal indicators emphasizes its importance in the response of the endocrine system of soldiers to perform military activities in warm climates. [9] In addition, populations from warm climates were predicted to have higher relative growth rates at any given tree size. [10] The results also indicate transformers may only be susceptible if shelter-in-place orders continue longer than 6 months in warm climates. [11] Leishmaniasis is a spectrum of diseases caused by Leishmania species protozoa that is most common in warm climates, coinciding with impoverished regions. [12] The UNBIAS (UNravelling BIvAlve Shell chemistry) project combines investigations on lab-grown modern bivalve shells with reconstructions based on fossil shell material from past greenhouse periods in an attempt to improve our understanding of short-term temperature variability in warm climates. [13] Background Heat tolerance is a trait of economic importance in the context of warm climates and the effects of global warming on livestock, production, reproduction, health, and well-being. [14] The majority of vulnerable areas are found in warm climates. [15] This problem has been studied in cold weather, but it also takes place in warm climates such as those of Mediterranean countries, and it has not been widely targeted. [16] This findings implies a greater knowledge relative to what we know about sub-humid cold, temperate and warm climates. [17] In warm climates, these fungi frequently contaminate crops such as maize, peanuts, tree nuts, and sunflower seeds. [18] In urban open spaces, especially in large cities with warm climates, users are experiencing high thermal loads, which causes thermal discomfort. [19] 1 Despite the challenges associated with recovering ancient DNA from warm climates,2 we successfully retrieved a mitogenome from a sample with an estimated age between 175,500 and 50,000 years. [20] Species nesting in warm climates were more likely to exhibit highly hydrophobic eggshells than those nesting in cold climates, potentially to reduce microbial colonization. [21] Introgression of color ornamentation into a distantly related lineage appears to be ongoing and was particularly pronounced in warm climates with wet winters and dry summers. [22] Thinning is a common viticulture practice in warm climates, and it is applied to increase the quality of the harvest. [23] Forest species with low specific root length and high root tissue density (RTD) were more likely to occur in warm climates but species with high specific root length and low RTD were more likely to occur in cold climates. [24] This could help to determine the optimal harvest date to manage winemaking, in order to produce high quality wines in warm climates. [25] The building roofs are the main sources of undesirable heat for buildings, especially in warm climates. [26] Additionally, there is limited application and reporting on the use and efficiency of this sustainable technology in arid and warm climates such as in the Middle East. [27] It occurs more often in people who live in warm climates and spend a lot of time outdoors in sunny or windy environments. [28] However, they need to be able to cope with increasing heatwaves and pollution, particularly in warm climates. [29] The research highlights the thermal potential and usefulness of courtyards in warm climates, so they can ultimately be included in the building analysis as a potentially comfortable and habitable space. [30] The use of materials with lower thermal conductivity such as Expanded PolyStyrene Beads (EPSB) in lightweight concrete for the construction of precast panels in housing, contributes to improve thermal insulation and the saving operational energy during its operation phase, because the aggregate has a small size, low density and thermal conductivity; applied in higher volumes in concrete, reduces indoor heat loss in cold climates and indoor heat gain in warm climates in housing. [31] Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a complex and chronic, multifactorial Th2 cell-mediated chronic ocular surface inflammatory condition that typically affects predominantly male children in hot or warm climates. [32] Aquaculture is one of the most promising and dynamically developing types of agricultural production, especially in countries with warm climates. [33] Trombe walls (TWs), one such technique, reduce heating demand in winter, although they cause overheating in warm climates. [34] Context Integrating trees and pastures can provide benefits to grazing animals in warm climates, such as provision of shade during the excessive heat. [35] This study aimed to understand fertilization effect on SOC and the role of soil microorganisms featured after long-term community incubation in warm climates. [36] The dominant parameters have on average 30% more influence on heating energy demand in cold climates than parameters in moderate climates and 88% more than in warm climates. [37] The analysis revealed that Eco-Machines™ located in warm climates, which do not require a greenhouse or supplemental heating, use approximately a third of the energy and produce half of the greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional wastewater treatment systems in similar locations, while also providing benefits to human health, ecosystem quality, climate change, and resources. [38] However, some concerns are raised involving their environmental sustainability given that they need to be irrigated, especially in warm climates. [39] The principal themes emerging from the interviews included obese air traveller embarrassment, physical discomfort on commercial flights, perceived weight bias, challenges in accessing hotel rooms, heat intolerance in warm climates, restricted leisure travel activities and medical co-morbidities. [40] It can be efficiently used in dry and warm climates, where providing both electricity and potable water is indispensable. [41] The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), cause significant economic damage to many herbaceous and woody crops grown in warm climates and protected plants in temperate climates (Jones 2003). [42] Actual research and development indicate that low-pressure axial flow fans represent a significant amount of energy consumption (electricity) especially in developing countries with warm climates, as in Brazil. [43] Nevertheless, the influence of infiltrations on the energy demand is lower in warm climates. [44] Our results suggest that white-striped mulch is an easily implementable strategy for improving earliness of winter strawberry production in warm climates. [45] The use of such a solution has been limited, especially in warm climates, as severe problems of indoor overheating can occur even beyond the cooling period. [46] However, availability of operational data is often limited, especially when it comes to high performance buildings in warm climates, although it is essential to define design approaches targeted to energy efficiency, to design smart energy grids and demand-response oriented energy programs. [47] from warm climates. [48] For those living in warm climates, air conditioning is thus considered a necessity. [49] In warm climates (without Arctic sea ice cover), there is no correlation between oceanic transport and surface air temperature on any time scale. [50]主要发现包括：(a) 最重要的变量，特别是在工作日，是一天中的时间，其次是降水； (b) 在大多数城市，平日和周末的使用量会增加至 27 至 28°C 左右，然后下降； (c) 工作日的小时使用量通常遵循双峰或三峰的每日模式，但规模太小而无法满足通勤功能的计划除外（小型计划中周末和工作日的使用量相似）； (d) 在大多数计划中，周末使用高峰在下午 2 点到 3 点左右，除了那些在下午 5 点左右使用高峰的气候炎热地区； (e) 降水对女性乘客的负面影响大于男性乘客； (f) 气候变化可能会通过增加寒冷气候下的乘客人数和降低温暖气候下的乘客人数来影响自行车运动，但影响可能很小。 [1] 柑橘生长在从热带到干旱的温暖气候中，温度范围从 10°C 到 35°C，而地中海气候被认为是最适合柑橘生长和生产力的气候。 [2] 虽然在全球范围内使用，但 WSP 特别适合气候温暖的发展中国家，因为它们具有成本效益、高效、完全天然和高度可持续的特点。 [3] 乙酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐）在温暖气候下运行的 EBPR 工艺中可能有利于 PAO 而非 GAO，其中大量丁酸盐馏分的影响代表了成功工艺运行的优势。 [4] 总之，在转色期应用 PO 和 ABA 可差异调节西拉葡萄的技术成熟度，并可作为传统农用化学品的替代品，通过增加酚类化合物的含量和增强浆果皮色发展来保持温暖气候下生长的葡萄的葡萄汁质量通过花青素的差异积累。 [5] 此外，我们的研究结果表明，这四种蛋白质很好地适应了地球上适宜居住的温度，并且在很大程度上对寒冷和温暖的气候不敏感。 [6] 户外活动只对气候温暖的国家的人口开放的说法被驳斥了。 [7] 热应激在温暖气候下的畜牧生产中发挥作用。 [8] 驯化对荷尔蒙指标的影响强调了其在士兵内分泌系统在温暖气候下进行军事活动的反应中的重要性。 [9] 此外，预计来自温暖气候的种群在任何给定的树木大小下都具有更高的相对增长率。 [10] 结果还表明，只有在温暖气候下就地避难订单持续超过 6 个月时，变压器才可能受到影响。 [11] 利什曼病是由利什曼原虫引起的一系列疾病，最常见于温暖的气候，与贫困地区相吻合。 [12] </p><p>UNBIAS（UNraveling BIvAlve Shell chemistry）项目将实验室培养的现代双壳贝壳的研究与基于过去温室时期的化石壳材料的重建相结合，试图提高我们对短期温度变化的理解温暖的气候。 [13] 背景 在温暖的气候和全球变暖对牲畜、生产、繁殖、健康和福祉的影响的背景下，耐热性是一种具有经济重要性的特征。 [14] 大部分脆弱地区是 在温暖的气候中发现。 [15] 这个问题已经在寒冷的天气中进行了研究，但它也发生在地中海国家等温暖的气候中，并且没有被广泛针对。 [16] 这一发现意味着相对于我们对亚湿润寒冷、温带和温暖气候的了解有更多的了解。 [17] 在温暖的气候中，这些真菌经常污染玉米、花生、坚果和葵花籽等农作物。 [18] 在城市开放空间，特别是在气候温暖的大城市，用户正在承受高热负荷，这会导致热不适。 [19] 1 尽管从温暖的气候中恢复古代 DNA 存在挑战2，但我们成功地从一个估计年龄在 175,500 到 50,000 年之间的样本中检索到了有丝分裂基因组。 [20] 在温暖气候中筑巢的物种比在寒冷气候中筑巢的物种更有可能表现出高度疏水的蛋壳，这可能会减少微生物的定植。 [21] 色彩装饰向远缘血统的渗入似乎正在进行中，并且在冬季潮湿和夏季干燥的温暖气候中尤为明显。 [22] 间伐是温暖气候中常见的葡萄栽培实践，用于提高收成质量。 [23] 具有低比根长度和高根组织密度（RTD）的森林物种更可能出现在温暖的气候中，但具有高比根长度和低RTD的物种更可能出现在寒冷气候中。 [24] 这可能有助于确定管理酿酒的最佳收获日期，以便在温暖的气候下生产出高质量的葡萄酒。 [25] 建筑物屋顶是建筑物产生不良热量的主要来源，尤其是在温暖的气候中。 [26] 此外，关于这种可持续技术在中东等干旱和温暖气候中的使用和效率的应用和报告有限。 [27] 它更常见于生活在温暖气候中并在阳光充足或有风的环境中在户外度过大量时间的人。 [28] 然而，它们需要能够应对日益严重的热浪和污染，尤其是在温暖的气候中。 [29] 该研究强调了庭院在温暖气候下的热潜力和实用性，因此它们最终可以作为潜在的舒适和宜居空间纳入建筑分析。 [30] 在轻质混凝土中使用具有较低热导率的材料，如膨胀聚苯乙烯珠 (EPSB)，用于建造房屋中的预制板，有助于提高隔热性并在其运行阶段节省运行能源，因为骨料尺寸较小，低密度和导热性；在混凝土中大量应用，可减少寒冷气候下的室内热量损失和温暖气候下的室内热量增加。 [31] 春季角结膜炎 (VKC) 是一种复杂的慢性、多因素 Th2 细胞介导的慢性眼表炎症性疾病，通常主要影响炎热或温暖气候下的男性儿童。 [32] 水产养殖是最有前途和最具活力的农业生产类型之一，特别是在气候温暖的国家。 [33] Trombe 墙 (TW) 是一种这样的技术，可以减少冬季的供暖需求，尽管它们会在温暖的气候中导致过热。 [34] 背景 整合树木和牧场可以为温暖气候下的放牧动物带来好处，例如在过热期间提供遮荫。 [35] 本研究旨在了解施肥对 SOC 的影响以及在温暖气候中长期群落孵化后土壤微生物的作用。 [36] 在寒冷气候下，主要参数对供暖能源需求的影响比在温和气候下的参数平均高出 30%，比在温暖气候下高出 88%。 [37] 分析显示，与类似地点的传统废水处理系统相比，位于温暖气候的 Eco-Machines™ 不需要温室或补充供暖，使用大约三分之一的能源和产生一半的温室气体排放，同时还为人类健康、生态系统质量、气候变化和资源带来益处。 [38] 然而，考虑到它们需要灌溉，特别是在温暖的气候下，人们对它们的环境可持续性提出了一些担忧。 [39] 采访中出现的主要主题包括肥胖的航空旅行者尴尬、商业航班上的身体不适、体重偏差、进入酒店房间的挑战、温暖气候下的热耐受性、受限的休闲旅行活动和医疗合并症。 [40] 它可以在干燥和温暖的气候中有效使用，在这些气候中提供电力和饮用水是必不可少的。 [41] 甘薯粉虱 Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) 和温室粉虱 Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) 对在温暖气候下种植的许多草本和木本作物以及在温带气候下受保护的植物造成重大经济损失（Jones 2003）。 [42] 实际研究和开发表明，低压轴流风机消耗大量能源（电力），尤其是在气候温暖的发展中国家，如巴西。 [43] 然而，在温暖的气候中，渗透对能源需求的影响较小。 [44] 我们的研究结果表明，白色条纹覆盖物是一种易于实施的策略，可提高温暖气候下冬季草莓生产的早期性。 [45] 这种解决方案的使用受到了限制，特别是在温暖的气候中，因为即使在冷却期之后也会出现严重的室内过热问题。 [46] 然而，运营数据的可用性通常是有限的，尤其是在温暖气候下的高性能建筑方面，尽管必须定义以能源效率为目标的设计方法、设计智能电网和以需求响应为导向的能源计划。 [47] 来自温暖的气候。 [48] 对于那些生活在温暖气候中的人来说，空调因此被认为是必需品。 [49] 在温暖的气候中（没有北极海冰覆盖），在任何时间尺度上，海洋运输和地表气温之间都没有相关性。 [50]
Past Warm Climates 过去的温暖气候
Past warm climates such as the early Eocene had above-freezing Arctic continental temperatures year-round. [1] When simulating past warm climates, such as the early Cretaceous and Paleogene periods, general circulation models (GCMs) underestimate the magnitude of warming in the Arctic. [2] Past warm climates such as the early Eocene had above-freezing Arctic continental temperatures year-round. [3] This review highlights recent insights from past warm climates and historical trends that can inform our understanding of monsoon evolution in the context of an emerging energetic framework. [4]过去的温暖气候，如始新世早期，北极大陆的气温全年都高于冰点。 [1] 在模拟过去的温暖气候时，例如早白垩纪和古近纪时期，大气环流模型 (GCM) 低估了北极变暖的幅度。 [2] 过去的温暖气候，如始新世早期，北极大陆的气温全年都高于冰点。 [3] nan [4]
warm climates characterized 温暖的气候特征
A similar warming of the Sahara Desert is seen in future projections using both phase 3 and 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5), and though previous studies of future projections indicate a west/east drying/wetting contrast over Sahel, PlioMIP2 simulations indicate a uniform rainfall increase over Sahel in warm climates characterized by increasing greenhouse gas forcing. [1] Though previous studies of future projections indicate a west–east drying–wetting contrast over the Sahel, PlioMIP2 simulations indicate a uniform rainfall increase in that region in warm climates characterized by increasing greenhouse gas forcing. [2]使用耦合模型比对项目（CMIP3 和 CMIP5）的第 3 阶段和第 5 阶段的未来预测中可以看到撒哈拉沙漠的类似变暖，尽管先前对未来预测的研究表明萨赫勒地区的西/东干燥/湿润对比，PlioMIP2模拟表明，在以温室气体强迫增加为特征的温暖气候下，萨赫勒地区的降雨量均匀增加。 [1] 虽然以前 对未来预测的研究表明东西方干湿对比 在萨赫勒地区，PlioMIP2 模拟表明降雨量均匀增加 该地区气候温暖，温室气体增加 强迫。 [2]