Urban Region(市区)研究综述
Urban Region 市区 - The values of path loss exponent ( n ) are defined and calculated for both of urban and suburban regions. [1] In Canada, there is an insufficient number of primary care providers, and disproportionately low numbers of specialist physicians in rural compared to urban regions. [2] In the recent past, a steep increase in the frequency and intensity of flash floods in urban regions has resulted in significant damage to life and property, necessitating a holistic approach to address the problem. [3] Adopting this strategy improves water security and the energy security in an urban region as it decreases the use of energy-intensive water sources during seasons with high electricity demand. [4] The main results indicate that food production diversity, household income, the share of food in household expenditure, literacy rate have a positive and significant impact on the dietary diversity in rural and urban regions of the country. [5] The final sample consisted of 54,354 households living in rural and urban regions of all the provinces. [6] It is well known that the high population density of urban regions leads to significant degradation of the quality of the air because of the emissions of pollutants that are by-products of energy production, transportation, and industry. [7] These scenarios address several ways to mitigate the injection of the major sources of contamination in the region, such as equipping the urban regions with wastewater collection and treatment plants and reducing the fertilizers’ use. [8] Western China had the highest prevalence of infantile anaemia, and rural regions showed a higher prevalence of anaemia than urban regions. [9] Therefore, in this paper, we aim to discover the correlation between spatial features and traffic flow patterns in urban regions to improve traffic security. [10] Dengue epidemics are common in humid and subhumid areas of the world, mostly in cities and suburban regions. [11] 7%) was less than urban regions (12. [12] The prevalence of overweight among boys in urban regions was higher than in rural regions (P<0. [13] The safety of food-energy-water (FEW) systems in mega-urban regions (MURs) is an urgent issue for achieving regional sustainable development. [14] coli especially in urban regions. [15] 5 pollution in urban regions. [16] 75 mmHg) than among adults in urban regions (127. [17] As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni in the agricultural soil, irrigation water, vegetables and cereals samples collected from peri-urban regions of Lucknow. [18] 5 °C PET, lower than existing standard, also proves that local residents are more tolerant than the residents in urban regions. [19] Children from urban region (3. [20] 5 concentrations in the forest regions are less than those in urban regions by up to 16. [21] Road dust is one of the biggest contributors to airborne particulate matter (PM) in many urban regions. [22] Children was categorized according to the residency into two groups (rural & urban regions), anemia was sorted according to WHO classification: normal Hb 11 gm/dL, mild anemia 10- 10. [23] Moreover, with the sustainability estimating of nighttime light dynamics, the regional agglomeration trends of urban regions were also detected. [24] Methods In this study, the constant watercourses of the suburban region of the Hungarian capital (Budapest) were sampled, and the body shape and scale shape of three fish species (roach Rutilus rutilus, chub Squalius cephalus, gibel carp Carassius gibelio) found in these waters were analyzed, based on landmark-based geometric morphometric methods. [25] Conclusions: Older adults residing in urban regions of the United States were weaker compared to their rural counterparts. [26] The investigation on the seismic performance of the metabarrier revealed its applicability in urban regional earthquake resistance. [27] This GUI allows friendly and sequential interaction between the user (student) and the latent knowledge, from scratch, allowing it to add information on power generation capacity and energy requirement in a given rural or urban region, also serve as educational support in electrical and/or mechanical engineering courses. [28] RESULTS E-bike riders are segmented into five groups based on the classification tree analysis, and the group of non-occupational riders aged over 55 in urban regions is associated with the highest likelihood of severe injury among the five groups. [29] We compared the changes in telemedicine use among residents of rural and urban regions of Ontario prior to and during the pandemic. [30] Results revealed that the spatial distribution of metrorail accessibility and urban form are characterized by a monocentric spatial structure, while the values of both variables decrease gradually from urban center to suburban regions, with the regional difference being significantly greater than the other three levels. [31] The time delay analysis of precipitation input on the streamflow at the two outfalls of the surveyed watersheds further demonstrates the link between AQPI gap-filling radar observations and streamflow changes in this urban region. [32] Key insights on needs in urban regional governance - Global urbanization (the increasing concentration in urban settlements of the increasing world population), is a driver and accelerator of shifts in diversity, new cross-scale interactions, decoupling from ecological processes, increasing risk and exposure to shocks. [33] All but one of the 16 administrative regions have recorded confirmed cases with the highest case numbers in the more urban regions of the country. [34] Articles covering context focus on the institutionalisation of family business in the cultural environment, rural and urban regions, and whether the pull of opportunity or the push of necessity may be related to governance of businesses by family or non-family members. [35] Air quality index (AQI) is one of the prime indicators for human health effects in urban and sub-urban regions. [36] This was a qualitative study in which data were gathered from in-depth interviews conducted from March to November 2019 among patients with hepatopancreatobiliary cancers who were scheduled to undergo a pancreatectomy (n = 20) at a metropolitan, urban regional, or suburban medical center and their caregivers (n = 10). [37] Low access is defined as a geographical area where 33% or more people are living beyond one mile from a supermarket in an urban region, and a low-income area is defined as one with a poverty rate of either 20% or more, or median family income falling below 80% of statewide or metropolitan area family income. [38] Urban regions face transitions in land use that affect ecosystem services (EG & S) and thus human wellbeing. [39] 78% in the suburban regions of developing countries. [40] The dominance of White-presenting Latinx individuals in South Florida (a seemingly “diverse” urban region) is also historical and persistent. [41] Results: A significant relationship was revealed between urban and rural Egyptian children aged 6-7 years in movement competence and Boys found to be better on movement competence when compared with girls in rural region while girls were better than boys in urban region. [42] Second, it characterizes the urban dynamics of each urban region as the state transition on the shared-states, which reveals distinct daily rhythms of urban activities. [43] Information on land cover change is needed, especially for urban regional planning with green open space consideration. [44] Quantitative identification of non-point sources of nitrate in urban channels plays a critical role in effective nutrient management in urban regions. [45] This study predicted the prompt urban growth over the suburban regions of Mumbai, which shows, by 2050, the Urban class will occupy 46. [46] 5), as well as its abundance being a major constituent of atmospheric particulate matter, particularly in urban regions. [47] It will investigate how urban regions around the world could radically transform to ensure global sustainability. [48] 8 from urban regions). [49]为城市和郊区定义和计算路径损耗指数 (n) 的值。 [1] 在加拿大，初级保健提供者的数量不足，与城市地区相比，农村地区的专科医生人数少得不成比例。 [2] 最近，城市地区山洪暴发的频率和强度急剧增加，对生命和财产造成了重大损害，需要采取整体方法来解决这个问题。 [3] 采用这一策略可以改善城市地区的水安全和能源安全，因为它减少了在电力需求高的季节对能源密集型水源的使用。 [4] 主要结果表明，食品生产多样性、家庭收入、食品在家庭支出中的占比、识字率对该国农村和城市地区的饮食多样性有显着的正向影响。 [5] 最终样本包括所有省份农村和城市地区的54,354户家庭。 [6] <p>众所周知，由于能源生产、交通和工业的副产品污染物排放，城市地区的高人口密度会导致空气质量显着下降。 [7] 这些情景解决了减轻该地区主要污染源注入的几种方法，例如为城市地区配备废水收集和处理厂以及减少化肥的使用。 [8] 中国西部的婴儿贫血患病率最高，农村地区的贫血患病率高于城市地区。 [9] 因此，在本文中，我们旨在发现城市区域空间特征与交通流模式之间的相关性，以提高交通安全。 [10] 登革热流行在世界潮湿和半湿润地区很常见，主要发生在城市和郊区。 [11] 7%）低于城市地区（12. [12] 城市地区男童超重率高于农村地区（P<0. [13] 特大城市地区（MURs）食品-能源-水（FEW）系统的安全是实现区域可持续发展的紧迫问题。 [14] 尤其是在城市地区的大肠杆菌。 [15] 5城市地区污染。 [16] 75 mmHg) 高于城市地区的成年人 (127. [17] 从勒克瑙城郊地区采集的农业土壤、灌溉水、蔬菜和谷物样品中的砷、镉、铬、铅和镍。 [18] 5°C PET，低于现有标准，也证明当地居民比城市居民更宽容。 [19] 市区儿童（3. [20] 5 森林地区的浓度比城市地区的浓度低多达 16。 [21] 道路灰尘是许多城市地区空气悬浮颗粒物 (PM) 的最大贡献者之一。 [22] 儿童根据居住地分为两组（农村和城市地区），贫血根据 WHO 分类进行分类：正常 Hb 11 gm/dL，轻度贫血 10-10。 [23] 此外，通过对夜间灯光动态的可持续性估计，还发现了城市区域的区域集聚趋势。 [24] 方基于基于地标的几何形态测量方法对水域进行了分析。 [25] 结论：与农村同龄人相比，居住在美国城市地区的老年人较弱。 [26] 对元屏障抗震性能的研究揭示了其在城市区域抗震中的适用性。 [27] 该 GUI 允许用户（学生）和潜在知识之间从头开始友好和顺序交互，允许它添加有关特定农村或城市地区的发电能力和能源需求的信息，还可以作为电气和/或机械工程课程。 [28] 结果 根据分类树分析将电动自行车骑手分为五组，在这五组中，城市地区 55 岁以上的非职业骑手与严重受伤的可能性最高相关。 [29] 我们比较了安大略省农村和城市地区居民在大流行之前和期间远程医疗使用的变化。 [30] 结果表明，地铁可达性和城市形态的空间分布具有单中心的空间结构特征，两个变量的值从城市中心向郊区逐渐减小，区域差异显着大于其他三个水平。 [31] 所调查流域两个出水口的降水输入对径流的时延分析进一步证明了 AQPI 补缺雷达观测与该城市地区径流变化之间的联系。 [32] 对城市区域治理需求的主要见解——全球城市化（世界人口日益集中在城市住区）是多样性转变、新的跨尺度相互作用、与生态过程脱钩、增加风险和暴露的驱动力和加速器震惊。 [33] 16个行政区中除1个以外的所有地区都记录了确诊病例，在该国更多的城市地区中病例数最高。 [34] 涵盖背景的文章侧重于家族企业在文化环境、农村和城市地区的制度化，以及机会的拉动或必然性的推动是否可能与家族或非家族成员对企业的治理有关。 [35] 空气质量指数（AQI）是衡量城市和郊区人类健康影响的主要指标之一。 [36] 这是一项定性研究，其中数据来自于 2019 年 3 月至 2019 年 11 月对计划在大都市、城市区域或郊区医疗中心进行胰腺切除术 (n = 20) 的肝胰胆管癌患者进行的深入访谈，以及他们的照顾者（n = 10）。 [37] 低接入被定义为一个地理区域，其中 33% 或更多的人居住在距离城市地区的超市一英里之外，而低收入区域被定义为贫困率达到 20% 或更高或中位数的地区家庭收入低于全州或大都市区家庭收入的 80%。 [38] 城市地区面临影响生态系统服务 (EG & S) 进而影响人类福祉的土地利用转型。 [39] 78%在发展中国家的郊区。 [40] 在南佛罗里达（一个看似“多样化”的城市地区），白人呈现的拉丁裔个体的主导地位也是历史性的和持久的。 [41] 结果：城市和农村埃及 6-7 岁儿童的运动能力之间存在显着关系，与农村地区的女孩相比，男孩的运动能力优于女孩，而城市地区的女孩优于男孩。 [42] 其次，它将每个城市区域的城市动态描述为共享状态上的状态转换，揭示了城市活动的不同日常节奏。 [43] 需要有关土地覆盖变化的信息，尤其是考虑到绿色开放空间的城市区域规划。 [44] 城市渠道中硝酸盐非点源的定量识别在城市地区的有效养分管理中起着至关重要的作用。 [45] 这项研究预测了孟买郊区的快速城市增长，这表明到 2050 年，城市阶层将占据 46 人。 [46] 5），以及它的丰富性是大气颗粒物的主要成分，特别是在城市地区。 [47] 它将调查世界各地的城市地区如何从根本上转变以确保全球可持续性。 [48] 8 来自城市地区）。 [49]
areas fall behind 落后地区
Secondly, remote jobs are pulled to urban regions; rural areas fall behind. [1] Secondly, remote jobs are pulled to urban regions;rural areas fall behind. [2] Secondly, remote jobs are pulled to urban regions; rural areas fall behind. [3]其次，偏远的工作岗位被拉到城市地区；农村落后。 [1] 其次，偏远的工作岗位被拉到城市地区，农村落后。 [2] nan [3]
urban landscape design 城市景观设计
This work mainly discussed the penetration and prominence of regional culture in urban landscape design, and reflected on the embedded ideas and strategies in urban landscape design of urban regional culture through taking Luoyang as an example, so as to create a vivid city card with urban landscape design. [1]本作品主要探讨地域文化在城市景观设计中的渗透和突出，并以洛阳为例，反思城市地域文化在城市景观设计中的嵌入理念和策略，以打造一张生动的城市景观城市名片。设计。 [1]
Large Urban Region 大城市地区
The urbanization process has increased the number of cities in Indonesia from 50 to 94 and expanded large urban regions. [1] Due to cities' heterogeneity, quantitatively identifying the homogeneous perception regions at a fine scale within large urban regions is challenging. [2] Waterloo has many similar characteristics to other mid-sized cities within commuting distance of large urban regions. [3] In stage 1, we linked chart data from a large urban region to health administrative data and compared the diagnostic accuracy of various algorithms. [4]城市化进程使印度尼西亚的城市数量从 50 个增加到 94 个，并扩大了大城市区域。 [1] 由于城市的异质性，在大城市区域内以精细的尺度定量识别同质感知区域具有挑战性。 [2] nan [3] nan [4]
Polluted Urban Region 受污染的市区
5 km × 7 km at nadir observations) has been validated over strongly polluted urban regions by comparison with coincident high-resolution Airborne Prism EXperiment (APEX) remote sensing observations (~75 m × 120 m). [1] The systematical interpretation of mass spectra of the FIGAERO-I-CIMS in the urban area of Guangzhou provides a holistic view of numerous oxygenated organic compounds in the urban atmosphere, which can serve as a reference for the future field measurements by FIGAERO-I-CIMS in polluted urban regions. [2] Enhanced local photochemistry has been identified as the dominant factor that controls PAN increase in the morning at the rural site, as the time when prevailing wind turned to southerlies was too late to facilitate direct transport of PAN from the polluted urban region. [3]通过与同时进行的高分辨率机载棱镜实验 (APEX) 遥感观测 (~75 m × 120 m) 的比较，在严重污染的城市地区验证了 5 km × 7 km 在最低点观测值。 [1] 质量的系统解释 广州市区FIGAERO-I-CIMS的光谱提供了一个 城市中众多含氧有机化合物的整体视图 大气，可作为未来现场测量的参考 由FIGAERO-I-CIMS 在受污染的城市地区。 [2] nan [3]
Major Urban Region 主要城市地区
The regional COVID-19 outbreak led to significantly reduced ED contacts in a German major urban region after the first COVID-19 cases appeared. [1] This commentary provides an overview of the process by which an integrated primary healthcare workforce planning toolkit was co-developed by university-based researchers with the Canadian Health Workforce Network and partners within a major urban regional health authority. [2] Our main findings include: (1) the YREB’s built-up area expanded from 9000 to 40,000 km2 during 1990–2015, and the general spatiotemporal patterns of landscape urbanization were similar to those in other major urban regions worldwide; (2) influenced by national development plans, the east-west disparities of landscape urbanization continued to widen in the YREB and China as a whole during 1990–2015; (3) the overall landscape urbanization pattern of the YREB was characterized by an east-west gradient interwoven with hierarchies of UAs and cities that were influenced mainly by geography, demography, and top-down governmental policies; (4) positive feedbacks between landscape urbanization and socioeconomic development underpinned rapid urbanization, resulting in insufficient public green space, deteriorated air quality, freshwater shortages and pollution, and inadequate infrastructure development, especially in the coastal urban agglomerations (UAs), megacities and super megacities. [3]在出现首例 COVID-19 病例后，区域性 COVID-19 爆发导致德国主要城市地区的 ED 接触人数显着减少。 [1] 本评论概述了由大学研究人员与加拿大卫生劳动力网络和主要城市区域卫生当局内的合作伙伴共同开发综合初级卫生保健劳动力规划工具包的过程。 [2] nan [3]
Different Urban Region 不同的城市区域
Nonetheless, these targets vary between different urban regions, and there is limited knowledge on the correlation between energy transition and urbanization levels. [1] It has taken effort to trace down different driving factors leading to perpetual tribal migration from their ancestral land to different urban regions of the country. [2] Through the combination of optical methods and UPLC-Q-TOF spectrometry, the optical and molecular characteristics of rainwater are effectively revealed, which may provide a solid foundation for the classification management of stormwater runoff in different urban regions. [3]尽管如此，这些目标在不同城市地区之间存在差异，而且关于能源转型与城市化水平之间相关性的知识有限。 [1] 它已努力追查导致部落从其祖传土地永久迁移到该国不同城市地区的不同驱动因素。 [2] nan [3]
Within Urban Region 市区内
88%) within urban regions. [1] Rainwater harvesting is an effective alternative practice, particularly within urban regions, during periods of water scarcity and dry weather. [2] PIU is altered by permeable areas within urban regions being replaced by impervious ones and can influence the spatial flow pattern of water and the hydraulic efficiency of its flows in urban locales. [3]88%）在城市地区。 [1] 雨水收集是一种有效的替代做法，特别是在城市地区，在缺水和干旱天气期间。 [2] nan [3]
Polycentric Urban Region 多中心城市区域
ABSTRACT The Munich Metropolitan Area (MMA) is embarking on becoming a more polycentric urban region. [1] The analysis of ‘polycentric urban regions’ (PURs) crucially depends on the operational definition of their constituent centres. [2] Background: Early decentralization and changes in information technology, transportation, and communications led to major structural changes in cities that led to the emergence of polycentric urban region (PUR). [3]摘要 慕尼黑都会区 (MMA) 正在成为一个更加多中心的城市区域。 [1] “多中心城市地区”（PUR）的分析关键取决于其组成中心的运营定义。 [2] nan [3]
Dense Urban Region
Using raytracing simulations, BS placement results are presented for various antenna array sizes in a dense urban region in East Manhattan. [1] However, facade mounted PVs could provide high energy generation and be economically feasible especially in dense urban regions with low rooftop areas. [2]使用光线追踪模拟，在曼哈顿东部密集的城市区域中呈现了各种天线阵列尺寸的 BS 放置结果。 [1] nan [2]
Majority Urban Region 多数城市地区
We simulate a realistic "true" 2016 population in Khomas, Namibia, a majority urban region, and introduce realistic levels of outdatedness (over 15 years) and inaccuracy in slum, non-slum, and rural areas. [1] We simulate a realistic "true" 2016 population in Khomas, Namibia, a majority urban region, and introduce realistic levels of outdatedness (over 15 years) and inaccuracy in slum, non-slum, and rural areas. [2]我们模拟了一个现实的“真实”2016 年纳米比亚 Khomas 人口，这是一个占多数的城市地区，并在贫民窟、非贫民窟和农村地区引入了过时（超过 15 年）和不准确的现实水平。 [1] 我们模拟了一个现实的“真实”2016 年纳米比亚 Khomas 人口，这是一个占多数的城市地区，并在贫民窟、非贫民窟和农村地区引入了过时（超过 15 年）和不准确的现实水平。 [2]
Populou Urban Region 波普卢市区
The research focuses on the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA), Canada’s most populous urban region. [1] We explored characteristics of, and bird diversity at, ponds in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, India – an area predicted to become part of the world's most populous urban region – to understand the relative importance of commonly measured site-level and landscape-scale variables, including ongoing management interventions, on bird diversity. [2]该研究的重点是加拿大人口最多的城市地区大多伦多和汉密尔顿地区 (GTHA)。 [1] 我们探索了印度德里国家首都辖区池塘的特征和鸟类多样性——该地区预计将成为世界上人口最多的城市地区的一部分——以了解通常测量的场地水平和景观尺度的相对重要性变量，包括对鸟类多样性的持续管理干预。 [2]
Two Urban Region 二城区
This study aimed to assess the occurrence, seasonal variation, and potential sources of pyrethroids in ambient air of two urban regions of Southeastern Brazil, along with the potential health risks to local populations via inhalation exposure. [1] Do cash or in-kind transfers generate greater welfare improvements? And, does a country’s financial infrastructure affect optimal aid disbursement? Through a parallel set of surveys in two urban regions in Africa—with comparable education, cell phone ownership, and electricity connectivity—we show that optimal government aid disbursement hinges on financial infrastructure. [2]本研究旨在评估巴西东南部两个城市地区环境空气中拟除虫菊酯的发生、季节变化和潜在来源，以及通过吸入暴露对当地人口的潜在健康风险。 [1] 现金或实物转移会产生更大的福利改善吗？而且，一个国家的金融基础设施是否会影响最佳援助支出？通过在非洲两个城市地区进行的一组平行调查——具有可比的教育、手机拥有量和电力连接——我们表明，最佳的政府援助支付取决于金融基础设施。 [2]
Complex Urban Region 复杂的城市地区
This article shows how these characteristics interconnect and explain the ecological enhancement or abandonment of landscapes in a complex urban region using flora as an indicator. [1] The New York metropolitan area is one of the oldest, largest, and perhaps most complex urban region in the United States (U. [2]本文展示了这些特征如何相互关联并解释了以植物群为指标的复杂城市区域中景观的生态增强或废弃。 [1] 纽约都会区是美国最古老、最大、或许也是最复杂的城市区域之一（U. [2]
Semiarid Urban Region 半干旱城区
This makes it well suited for irrigation uses, which can play a relevant role against water shortages in the analyzed semiarid urban region. [1] The results of this study are relevant for arid and semiarid urban regions that experience heavy rainfall. [2]这使其非常适合灌溉用途，这可以在所分析的半干旱城市地区的水资源短缺问题上发挥相关作用。 [1] 这项研究的结果与经历强降雨的干旱和半干旱城市地区有关。 [2]
Coastal Urban Region 沿海城区
5- and PM10-bound benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) were conducted in a coastal urban region in northern Poland in 2019. [1] Parameter optimization of a conceptual rainfall-runoff model in the coastal urban region. [2]2019 年，在波兰北部的一个沿海城市地区进行了 5 和 PM10 结合的苯并 (a) 芘 (BaP)。 [1] 沿海城区降雨径流概念模型的参数优化。 [2]
Three Urban Region 三城区
We recorded seed removal hourly over eight hours at 301 sites in five habitat types in three urban regions in Germany. [1] Methods The OPTIMISE study was a stepped wedge cluster randomised trial set within 31 general practices in three urban regions in Australia with high refugee settlement. [2]我们在德国三个城市地区的 5 种栖息地类型的 301 个地点记录了每小时超过 8 小时的种子移除情况。 [1] 方法 OPTIMIZE 研究是一项阶梯式楔形整群随机试验，在澳大利亚三个难民安置率高的城市地区的 31 个一般实践中进行。 [2]
Selected Urban Region 选定的城市区域
In addition, roofs were manually vectorized in a selected urban region in Palmares to validate the proposed method results. [1] The NSHM considers many new data and component input models: (1) new earthquakes between 2013 and 2017 and updated earthquake magnitudes for some earlier earthquakes; (2) two updated smoothed seismicity models to forecast earthquake rates; (3) two suites of new central and eastern US (CEUS) ground motion models (GMMs) to translate ground shaking for various earthquake sizes and source-to-site distances considered in the model; (4) two CEUS GMMs for aleatory variability; (5) two CEUS site-effect models that modify ground shaking based on alternative shallow site conditions; (6) more advanced western US (WUS) lithologic and structural information to assess basin site effects for selected urban regions; and (7) a more comprehensive range of outputs (22 periods and 8 site classes) than in previous versions of the NSHMs. [2]此外，在 Palmares 的一个选定城市区域中，对屋顶进行了手动矢量化，以验证所提出的方法结果。 [1] NSHM 考虑了许多新的数据和组件输入模型：（1）2013 年至 2017 年之间的新地震和一些早期地震的更新地震震级； (2) 两个更新的平滑地震活动模型来预测地震速率； (3) 两套新的美国中部和东部 (CEUS) 地震动模型 (GMM)，用于转换模型中考虑的各种地震大小和震源到现场距离的地震动； (4) 两个用于随机变异性的 CEUS GMM； (5) 两个 CEUS 场地效应模型，根据替代的浅水场地条件修改地面震动； (6) 更先进的美国西部 (WUS) 岩性和构造信息，用于评估选定城市地区的盆地场地效应； (7) 比以前版本的 NSHM 更全面的输出范围（22 个时期和 8 个站点类别）。 [2]
Predominantly Urban Region 主要是城市地区
This review proposes an approach which results in three categories of area: predominantly rural region (PRR), intermediate rural region (IRR) and predominantly urban region (PUR) which would provide a more effective basis for policy and planning. [1] The effect size in predominantly urban regions is about half of that in regions with intermediate levels of urbanization. [2]本综述提出了一种方法，可将区域划分为三类区域：主要农村地区 (PRR)、中等农村地区 (IRR) 和主要城市地区 (PUR)，这将为政策和规划提供更有效的基础。 [1] 主要城市地区的影响大小约为中等城市化水平地区的一半。 [2]
Boston Urban Region 波士顿市区
We present a top-down study of NG methane emissions from the Boston urban region spanning 8 y (2012 to 2020) to assess total emissions, their seasonality, and trends. [1] EARTH, ATMOSPHERIC, AND PLANETARY SCIENCES Correction for “Anthropogenic and biogenic CO2 fluxes in the Boston urban region,” by Maryann Sargent, Yanina Barrera, Thomas Nehrkorn, Lucy R. [2]我们对波士顿市区 8 年（2012 年至 2020 年）的 NG 甲烷排放量进行了自上而下的研究，以评估总排放量、季节性和趋势。 [1] 地球、大气和行星科学修正“波士顿市区的人为和生物二氧化碳通量”，作者：Maryann Sargent、Yanina Barrera、Thomas Nehrkorn、Lucy R. [2]
Arid Urban Region 干旱城市地区
This study reports the season-dependent water-soluble and total metal mass in PM10 collected simultaneously over five microenvironments in a semi-arid urban region, Ahmedabad, located in western India. [1] Highlights Short duration extreme rainfall events are frequent in semi-arid urban regions and characterization of these storms is important. [2]本研究报告了在位于印度西部的艾哈迈达巴德半干旱城市地区的五个微环境中同时收集的 PM10 中与季节相关的水溶性和总金属质量。 [1] 亮点 半干旱城市地区经常发生持续时间短的极端降雨事件，这些风暴的特征很重要。 [2]