Turbulence Spectrum(湍流谱)研究综述
Turbulence Spectrum 湍流谱 - In general, the accelerated particle population is a power-law spectrum with an exponential-like cut-off, where the power-law index is determined by the turbulence spectrum and the balance of escape and acceleration of particles. [1] This noise prediction model relies on the accuracy of the turbulence spectrum, which is usually assumed to be the von Kármán energy spectrum for isotropic turbulence. [2] Our measurements ultimately show that: a) polar winter mesosphere is abounded with meteor smoke particles (MSP) and intermittent turbulent layers, b) all PMWE observed during this campaign can be explained by neutral air turbulence, c) turbulence creates small-scale structures in all D-region constituents, including free electrons; d) MSP ultimately influence the radar volume reflectivity by distorting the turbulence spectrum of electrons, e) the influence of MSP and of background electron density is just to increase SNR. [3] This technique is based on variances calculated at incremental lags and yields the integral of a turbulence spectrum, formally from infinity to a specific frequency. [4] Additionally, the properties of the turbulence spectrum and their variations were first obtained in the northern hemisphere over China. [5] The turbulence spectrum is observed to have an increasingly negative skewness with distance below cloud top, suggesting that long-wave radiative cooling from the liquid cloud layer is an important source of turbulence kinetic energy. [6] By the turbulence spectrum of seawater and the theory of frozen waves, we develop a frozen wave theory for random field and establish a transmittance model for finite energy frozen beams and analyze the diffracting- and absorption-resistance of finite energy frozen waves from the beam transmission wavelength, beam waist, beam orbital angular momentum quantum number, inner scale of turbulence, outer scale of turbulence, the “temperature structure” constant and the ratio of temperature and salinity. [7] This paper numerically simulates turbulent heat transfer in a round pipe in a wide range of Reynolds numbers using the CABARET nonparametric MILES method on grids with an incomplete resolution of the turbulence spectrum and the STAR-CCM+ CFD code in the LES approximation. [8] Acoustic sensors noninvasively capture waves, currents, and turbulence spectrum, useful in studies of sediment transport and biomass in the water column. [9] The related turbulence parameters are parameterized, including the turbulence standard deviation and the turbulence spectrum; and the turbulence parameters available under TC conditions for turbulence turbine design are presented finally. [10] The suitable geometric scaling ratio should be then chosen such that the turbulence spectrum as a function of reduced frequency is the closest match to that at full-scale for reduced frequencies between approximately 0. [11] In this paper, a quantitative nonequilibrium multi-dimensional phase transition theory is proposed for describing the turbulence spectrum (energy E with wave number k and scaling index α) of the tu. [12] When the cutoff scale in the turbulence spectrum is smaller than the Larmor radius of a particle, the gyroresonance is the main acceleration mechanism for all the three wave modes. [13] Thus by the turbulence spectrum of seawater and the theory of frozen waves, we establish a transmittance model for finite energy vortex frozen waves. [14]一般来说，加速粒子群是一个具有指数截止的幂律谱，其中幂律指数由湍流谱以及粒子逃逸和加速的平衡决定。 [1] 该噪声预测模型依赖于湍流谱的准确性，通常假定为各向同性湍流的 von Kármán 能谱。 [2] 我们的测量最终表明：a) 极地冬季中间层富含流星烟雾颗粒 (MSP) 和间歇性湍流层，b) 在这次活动中观察到的所有 PMWE 都可以用中性空气湍流来解释，c) 湍流在所有 D 区成分，包括自由电子； d) MSP 通过扭曲电子的湍流谱最终影响雷达体积反射率，e) MSP 和背景电子密度的影响只是为了增加 SNR。 [3] 该技术基于以增量滞后计算的方差，并产生湍流谱的积分，形式上从无穷大到特定频率。 [4] 此外，湍流谱的性质及其变化最早是在中国北半球获得的。 [5] 观察到湍流光谱随着距离云顶以下的距离而具有越来越大的负偏度，这表明来自液态云层的长波辐射冷却是湍流动能的重要来源。 [6] 利用海水湍流谱和冻结波理论，发展了随机场冻结波理论，建立了有限能量冻结光束的透射率模型，分析了有限能量冻结波在光束传输中的衍射和吸收阻力。波长、束腰、束轨道角动量量子数、湍流内尺度、湍流外尺度、“温度结构”常数以及温度和盐度的比值。 [7] 本文使用 CABARET 非参数 MILES 方法在湍流谱不完全分辨率的网格上和 LES 近似中的 STAR-CCM+ CFD 代码数值模拟圆形管道中的湍流传热，该方法具有广泛的雷诺数。 [8] 声学传感器非侵入性地捕获波浪、水流和湍流频谱，可用于研究水体中的沉积物迁移和生物量。 [9] 将相关湍流参数参数化，包括湍流标准差和湍流谱；最后给出了TC条件下可用于湍流涡轮设计的湍流参数。 [10] 然后应选择合适的几何比例比，使得作为降低频率函数的湍流谱最接近于在大约 0 之间降低频率的满量程。 [11] 本文提出了一种定量非平衡多维相变理论来描述tu的湍流谱（能量E，波数为k，标度指数为α）。 [12] 当湍流谱中的截止尺度小于粒子的拉莫尔半径时，陀螺共振是所有三种波模式的主要加速机制。 [13] 因此，我们利用海水湍流谱和冻结波理论，建立了有限能量涡旋冻结波的透射率模型。 [14]
Kaimal Turbulence Spectrum
The turbulent wind with sharp fluctuations is established both in velocity and inflow direction based on standard Kaimal turbulence spectrum as suggested in the standard IEC61400-2. [1] The Veers model was used to generate synthetic International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Kaimal turbulence spectrum inflow. [2]根据标准 IEC61400-2 中建议的标准 Kaimal 湍流谱，在速度和流入方向上都建立了具有剧烈波动的湍流风。 [1] Veers 模型用于生成合成国际 电工委员会 (IEC) Kaimal 湍流谱流入。 [2]
Atmospheric Turbulence Spectrum
Based on generalizations of numerous measurements and calculations, the influence of the low-frequency part of the atmospheric turbulence spectrum, directly adjacent to the inertial interval, on the statistical characteristics of fluctuations of optical waves propagating in the atmosphere is analyzed. [1] The power spectral responses and variances of the wing are computed by employing the Dryden atmospheric turbulence spectrum and the computed values of the local stress standard deviation of the Tsing Ma Bridge are compared with experimental values. [2]基于大量测量和计算的概括，分析了与惯性区间直接相邻的大气湍流谱低频部分对在大气中传播的光波波动统计特性的影响。 [1] 利用德莱顿大气湍流谱计算机翼的功率谱响应和方差，并将青马大桥局部应力标准差的计算值与实验值进行比较。 [2]