Transboundary Haze(跨界雾霾)研究综述
Transboundary Haze 跨界雾霾 - Singapore, an island city, is routinely affected by the Southeast Asia (SEA) transboundary haze. [1] The findings identify ASEAN’s role in environmental governance, particularly when consensus-based nudging is more or less likely to incentivize member states to curb the transboundary haze. [2] Peatland fires in Indonesia are a long-standing and complex social-ecological challenge, where unsolved disagreements about policy options have profound implications for environmental governance, resulting in fires recurring and causing significant CO2 emissions and transboundary haze that affects the health of millions. [3] Firstly, Indonesia is an important actor in the mitigation of many regional and global environmental issues including forest fires and transboundary haze. [4] Transboundary haze has become almost an annual environmental issue in the Southeast Asia region, especially for Malaysia due to the Indonesian fires in Kalimantan and Sumatra. [5] This study examines the ASEAN Agreements on Transboundary Haze-free Pollution (AATHP) and The Transboundary Haze-Free ASEAN by 2020 as a vision of the eleventh Conference of Parties (COP). [6]新加坡是一座岛屿城市，经常受到东南亚 (SEA) 跨界雾霾的影响。 [1] 调查结果确定了东盟在环境治理中的作用，特别是当基于共识的推动或多或少可能激励成员国遏制跨界雾霾时。 [2] 印度尼西亚的泥炭地火灾是一个长期而复杂的社会生态挑战，在政策选择上未解决的分歧对环境治理产生了深远的影响，导致火灾反复发生并造成大量二氧化碳排放和影响数百万人健康的跨境雾霾。 [3] 首先，印度尼西亚是缓解许多区域和全球环境问题的重要参与者，包括森林火灾和跨界雾霾。 [4] 由于印度尼西亚在加里曼丹和苏门答腊的大火，跨界雾霾几乎成为东南亚地区每年都会发生的环境问题，尤其是对马来西亚而言。 [5] 本研究探讨了东盟关于跨界无霾污染的协议 (AATHP) 和到 2020 年实现跨界无霾的东盟，作为第十一届缔约方会议 (COP) 的愿景。 [6]
Seasonal Transboundary Haze
Singapore experiences seasonal transboundary haze. [1] This study specifically investigates the association between air pollution and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) incidence in Singapore, a Southeast Asian city exposed to seasonal transboundary haze. [2]新加坡经历季节性跨境雾霾。 [1] 本研究专门调查了暴露于季节性跨境雾霾的东南亚城市新加坡的空气污染与急性心肌梗塞 (AMI) 发病率之间的关系。 [2]
transboundary haze pollution 跨界雾霾污染
This case study seeks to understand how the legalization of the ASEAN Agreement of Transboundary Haze Pollution conformed to the non-interference principle and influenced Indonesia, the main laggard, in dealing with the predicament accordingly. [1] Then ASEAN made an agreement for its member countries with the aim of overcoming the haze problem which was referred to in the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution. [2] Signed in 2002, the ASEAN Haze Treaty is expected to reduce transboundary haze pollution and improve regional environmental governance. [3] Peatland fire occurs annually in the province that causes transboundary haze pollution. [4] This is a case of Valsalva retinopathy during the season of annual transboundary haze pollution in Sarawak. [5] This article aims to elaborate on the values of the ASEAN Community in preventing forest and land fires through the ASEAN Agreement Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP), and the Implementation of AATHP in Indonesia. [6] This study confirms that forest fire is the responsibility of the Indonesian state in the perspective of international law, one of them is in the arrangement of the Asean Agreement On Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP). [7] We quantify and estimate the economic impact of the transboundary haze pollution in 2015 on Singapore following reliable quantitative methods and techniques in cost-benefit analysis. [8] This study aimed to determine the extent of the implementation of the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution in the Southeast Asia Region. [9] The ASEAN’s haze-free roadmap 2020 had the objective to eliminate the regional transboundary haze pollution. [10] Even though Indonesia had ratified the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP) in September 2014, the haze pollution in 2015 caused by forest and land fires had proven that the AATHP regime was ineffective to tackle haze issues in Indonesia, particularly in Riau. [11] More recently, the enforcement of environmental pollution measures have extended, with the enactment of the Transboundary Haze Pollution Act 2014, to combatting environmental pollution arising from the region. [12] Transboundary haze pollution in Southeast Asia has actually been occurring since 1997, yet until now, the problem of haze pollution remains an important agenda of the Association of South East Asian Nations (hereinafter ASEAN). [13] ASEAN tried to "heal" and prevent the possibility of similar events by signing the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP) for its members. [14] Transboundary Haze Pollution (THP) is a deadly occurrences that repeats annually. [15] Using the transboundary haze pollution caused by forest fires in Indonesia as an exogenous shock, we find that increases in haze pollutant intensity in the air significantly increase water and electricity consumption. [16] Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kepatuhan Indonesia terhadap rezim ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary haze Pollution (AATHP), dimana Indonesia sebagai aktor utama dalam pencemaran kabut asap lintas batas menjadi sorotan disetiap kebakaran hutan yang terjadi di kawasan Asia Tenggara yang mengakibatkan kabut asap lintas batas. [17] It found that Indonesia has been very passive and indifferent attitude in the transboundary haze pollution. [18] Although the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution has been ratified by all members of ASEAN countries, in reality this agreement is not able to combat this transnational environmental problem and foster an environmentally suistanable community in Southeast Asia. [19]本案例研究旨在了解东盟跨界雾霾污染协议的合法化如何符合不干涉原则，并相应影响主要落后者印度尼西亚应对困境。 [1] 随后，东盟与其成员国达成了一项旨在克服《东盟跨界雾霾污染协定》中提到的雾霾问题的协议。 [2] 2002 年签署的《东盟雾霾条约》有望减少跨境雾霾污染，改善区域环境治理。 [3] 该省每年都会发生泥炭地火灾，造成跨界雾霾污染。 [4] 这是砂拉越每年跨界雾霾污染季节的 Valsalva 视网膜病变病例。 [5] 本文旨在阐述东盟共同体通过《东盟跨界雾霾污染协定》（AATHP）以及在印度尼西亚实施 AATHP 在预防森林和土地火灾方面的价值。 [6] 本研究证实，从国际法的角度来看，森林火灾是印尼国家的责任，其中之一是在《东盟跨界雾霾污染协定》（AATHP）的安排中。 [7] 我们采用可靠的成本效益分析定量方法和技术，量化和估计 2015 年跨界雾霾污染对新加坡的经济影响。 [8] 本研究旨在确定东盟跨界雾霾污染协议在东南亚地区的实施程度。 [9] 东盟 2020 年无雾霾路线图旨在消除区域跨界雾霾污染。 [10] 尽管印度尼西亚已于 2014 年 9 月批准了《东盟跨界雾霾污染协议》（AATHP），但 2015 年森林和土地火灾造成的雾霾污染已证明 AATHP 制度无法有效解决印度尼西亚的雾霾问题，尤其是在廖内。 [11] 最近，随着 2014 年《跨界雾霾污染法》的颁布，环境污染措施的执行范围扩大到打击该地区产生的环境污染。 [12] 东南亚跨界雾霾污染实际上从1997年就开始出现，但直到现在，雾霾污染问题仍然是东南亚国家联盟（以下简称东盟）的重要议程。 [13] 东盟试图通过为其成员国签署《东盟跨界雾霾污染协议》（AATHP）来“治愈”并防止类似事件发生的可能性。 [14] 跨界雾霾污染 (THP) 是一种每年都会发生的致命事件。 [15] 将印度尼西亚森林大火造成的跨界雾霾污染作为外源冲击，我们发现空气中雾霾污染物强度的增加显着增加了水和电的消耗。 [16] 本研究旨在分析印度尼西亚对《东盟跨界雾霾污染协定》（AATHP）制度的遵守情况，其中印度尼西亚作为跨界雾霾污染的主要参与者，在东南亚地区发生的每一次导致跨界雾霾的森林火灾中都受到关注. [17] 结果发现，印尼在跨界雾霾污染问题上一直表现得很被动和漠不关心。 [18] 虽然《东盟跨界雾霾污染协定》已得到东盟所有成员国的批准，但实际上该协定并不能解决这一跨国环境问题，也无法在东南亚培育一个环境可持续的共同体。 [19]