Thermosetting Resins(热固性树脂)研究综述
Thermosetting Resins 热固性树脂 - One of the main advantageous characteristics of thermosetting resins, which enable to apply them as engineering plastics and as matrices for composite materials, is the possibility of optimising their properties in different ways. [1] The topics covered include surface treatments of wood with photostabilizers; protection with coatings; the deposition of thin film onto wood surfaces; treatments of wood with inorganic metal compounds and bio-based water repellents; the chemical modification of wood; the modification of wood and wood surfaces with thermosetting resins, furfuryl alcohol, and DMDHEU; and the thermal modification of wood. [2] However, the high-water content in these suspensions is a limitation on applications in thermosetting resins. [3] Unlike most thermosetting resins, UF often shows the appearance of crystal domains. [4] This review will summarize examples of composites based on thermoplastic polymers, such as polystyrene (PS), polylactide (PLA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), and polycaprolactone (PCL); thermosetting resins (phenol-formaldehyde, unsaturated polyesters, and epoxy) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/devulcanized waste rubber (NBR/DWR) blends focusing on the fabrication procedures, characterization, and possible applications. [5] Currently, friction materials are actively used: based on thermosetting resins; pulp and paper-based materials; sintered powder materials; materials of carbon or carbon composition; materials with a ceramic matrix. [6] This article presents an overview of the state of the technologies for polymeric materials, with special emphasis on established processes for thermosetting resins. [7] To identify the promising potential of the PZT transducer as a real-time curing assessment tool of the thermosetting resins, and understand its capacitance signature, the LRI device was multi-instrumented by various non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques such as acoustic emission (AE) and infrared thermography (IRT). [8] Thermosetting resins were formulated by mixing solid epoxy components, hardener and accelerator at elevated temperature. [9] Thermosetting resins were, on average, more resistant to fracture than self-curable resins, although the difference was not statistically significant. [10] This coproduct has been well characterized as a low-molecular-weight novolac averaging five hydroxyls per molecule and was transformed into an epoxy resin suitable for use in thermosetting resins. [11] Two unsaturated polysilsesquioxanes (AcPhPOSSⅠ and AcPhPOSSⅡ) were designed and synthesized successfully, and their thermosetting resins (AcPhPOSS@GAP) and fiberglass-doped composites (AcPhPOSS@GAP@GF) were prepared by thermal curing of AcPhPOSS and glycidyl azide polymer (GAP). [12] The aim of the present study is to apply an embedded resistance wire technique for curing of thermosetting resins as well as for the self-healing of thermoplastic polymers. [13] Formaldehyde emission in the environment from thermosetting resins, like urea-formaldehyde (UF), is one of the most negative aspects of wood-based composite panels. [14] It is an example of composite engineering material manufactured from synthetic fibers and thermosetting resins with appealing physical and mechanical properties that make it very interesting for products like sheets, rods, tubes, flange, washers and wear ring. [15] Electrets polarized due to the process of curing of thermosetting resins on various substrates, including without the use of special physical exposure, have been obtained. [16] A simplified procedure has been developed to optimize the molding processes of thermosetting resins. [17] Glass-fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates were manufactured using Vacuum assisted Resin Transfer Moulding (VaRTM) with a range of thermosetting resins and an infusible thermoplastic resin as part of a comprehensive down-selection to identify suitable commercially available resin systems for the manufacture of marine vessels greater than 50 m in length. [18] , molar ratio) on the structure and physical properties of thermosetting resins (e. [19] The curing reaction of thermosetting resins is associated with chemical shrinkage which is overlapped with thermal expansion as a result of the exothermal enthalpy. [20] Various optimization problems are solved in order to demonstrate the influence of discussed relations on values of residual stresses and curing processes of thermosetting resins. [21] Information on the reaction kinetics in the melt is a valuable prerequisite for a successful application of self-healing ability to benzoxazine-based thermosetting resins. [22] 1-2: 2016, for their repair, solutions based on cement, Portland cement, thermosetting resins and thermoplastic polymers are used by injection and impregnation. [23] Its excellent heat resistance dominates most thermosetting resins and will serve for heat shields. [24] The latter is the main focus in this work, being amongst the most widely used thermosetting resins in SMC processes, which are the typical target for short rCFs. [25] The inspection methods used do not always allow a correct characterization of the curing state of the thermosetting resins. [26] Thermosetting resins like polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) tend to get prematurely cured and viscous during storage. [27] It has been found that the thermosetting resins used as coupling agents promote an efficient adhesion between the surface of the rubber particles and the mortar, producing significant changes in the properties of the material when compared to the non-compatibilized composites. [28] Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the thermosetting resins and graphite were uniformly dispersed on the fractured surface of the composites. [29] In order to improve wear properties of thermosetting resins, potential solutions are the reduction of the adhesion between the counterparts and the improvement of their hardness, stiffness and compressive strength. [30]热固性树脂的主要优势特征之一是能够以不同方式优化它们的性能，这使得它们能够用作工程塑料和复合材料的基质。 [1] 涵盖的主题包括用光稳定剂对木材进行表面处理；涂层保护；在木材表面上沉积薄膜；用无机金属化合物和生物基防水剂处理木材；木材的化学改性；用热固性树脂、糠醇和 DMDHEU 对木材和木材表面进行改性；和木材的热改性。 [2] 然而，这些悬浮液中的高水含量限制了在热固性树脂中的应用。 [3] 与大多数热固性树脂不同，UF 经常出现晶体域的外观。 [4] 本综述将总结基于热塑性聚合物的复合材料示例，例如聚苯乙烯 (PS)、聚丙交酯 (PLA)、聚氯乙烯 (PVC)、聚丙烯 (PP) 和聚己内酯 (PCL)；热固性树脂（酚醛树脂、不饱和聚酯和环氧树脂）和丙烯腈丁二烯橡胶/脱硫废橡胶 (NBR/DWR) 混合物，重点关注制造程序、表征和可能的应用。 [5] 目前，摩擦材料被积极使用：基于热固性树脂；纸浆和纸基材料；烧结粉末材料；碳或碳成分的材料；具有陶瓷基体的材料。 [6] 本文概述了聚合物材料的技术现状，特别强调了热固性树脂的既定工艺。 [7] 为了确定 PZT 换能器作为热固性树脂实时固化评估工具的潜力，并了解其电容特征，LRI 设备通过各种无损检测 (NDT) 技术（如声发射）进行了多仪器检测。 AE) 和红外热成像 (IRT)。 [8] 通过在高温下混合固体环氧树脂组分、硬化剂和促进剂来配制热固性树脂。 [9] 平均而言，热固性树脂比自固化树脂更耐断裂，尽管差异无统计学意义。 [10] 这种副产品已被很好地表征为每分子平均有五个羟基的低分子量酚醛清漆，并被转化为适用于热固性树脂的环氧树脂。 [11] 成功设计合成了两种不饱和聚倍半硅氧烷（AcPhPOSSⅠ和AcPhPOSSⅡ），并通过AcPhPOSS和缩水甘油基叠氮化物聚合物（GAP）的热固化制备了它们的热固性树脂（AcPhPOSS@GAP）和玻璃纤维掺杂复合材料（AcPhPOSS@GAP@GF）。 [12] 本研究的目的是将嵌入式电阻丝技术应用于热固性树脂的固化以及热塑性聚合物的自愈。 [13] 热固性树脂在环境中的甲醛排放，如脲醛 (UF)，是木质复合板最不利的方面之一。 [14] 它是由合成纤维和热固性树脂制成的复合工程材料的一个例子，具有吸引人的物理和机械性能，使其非常适合用于板材、棒材、管材、法兰、垫圈和耐磨环等产品。 [15] 由于热固性树脂在各种基材上的固化过程，包括不使用特殊的物理暴露，已获得极化的驻极体。 [16] 已经开发了一种简化的程序来优化热固性树脂的成型工艺。 [17] 玻璃纤维增强聚合物 (GFRP) 层压板是使用真空辅助树脂传递模塑 (VaRTM) 制造的，其中包含一系列热固性树脂和不熔的热塑性树脂，作为全面向下选择的一部分，以确定合适的市售树脂系统用于制造长度大于 50m 的船舶。 [18] , 摩尔比) 对热固性树脂 (e. [19] 热固性树脂的固化反应与化学收缩有关，化学收缩与由于放热焓引起的热膨胀重叠。 [20] 为了证明讨论的关系对热固性树脂的残余应力值和固化过程的影响，解决了各种优化问题。 [21] 熔体中的反应动力学信息是将自愈能力成功应用于苯并恶嗪基热固性树脂的重要先决条件。 [22] 1-2: 2016，对于它们的修复，基于水泥、波特兰水泥、热固性树脂和热塑性聚合物的溶液通过注射和浸渍使用。 [23] 其优异的耐热性在大多数热固性树脂中占主导地位，可用于隔热罩。 [24] 后者是这项工作的主要焦点，是 SMC 工艺中使用最广泛的热固性树脂之一，这是短 rCF 的典型目标。 [25] 使用的检查方法并不总是能够正确表征热固性树脂的固化状态。 [26] 像聚糠醇 (PFA) 这样的热固性树脂在储存过程中往往会过早固化并变粘。 [27] 已经发现，用作偶联剂的热固性树脂促进了橡胶颗粒表面和砂浆之间的有效粘合，与非增容复合材料相比，材料性能发生了显着变化。 [28] 扫描电镜结果表明，热固性树脂和石墨均匀分散在复合材料的断裂面上。 [29] 为了改善热固性树脂的耐磨性能，潜在的解决方案是降低对应物之间的粘附力，并提高它们的硬度、刚度和抗压强度。 [30]
Performance Thermosetting Resins
High performance thermosetting resins are targeted in many exigent applications, such as aerospace and marine fields, for the development of lightweight structural composites. [1] To achieve sustainable development, it is important to keep a green consideration from the raw material source to the whole production process of developing biobased high performance thermosetting resins. [2]高性能热固性树脂是许多紧急应用的目标，例如航空航天和海洋领域，用于开发轻质结构复合材料。 [1] 为实现可持续发展，从原料源头到开发生物基高性能热固性树脂的整个生产过程，保持绿色考虑非常重要。 [2]
Linked Thermosetting Resins
Acid-catalyzed sol–gel polycondensation of hydroxybenzenes with heterocyclic aldehydes yields cross-linked thermosetting resins in the form of porous organic polymers (i. [1] All the results in this study suggest that the bio-based derivative from in situ polymerization and microphase separation can effectively toughen and enhance the properties that affect adhesive performance in highly cross-linked thermosetting resins. [2]羟基苯与杂环醛的酸催化溶胶-凝胶缩聚产生多孔有机聚合物形式的交联热固性树脂（即。 [1] 本研究中的所有结果表明，原位聚合和微相分离的生物基衍生物可以有效地增韧和增强影响高度交联热固性树脂粘合性能的性能。 [2]
Resistant Thermosetting Resins
Achieving lower curing temperature and higher properties has been the significant target for developing heat-resistant thermosetting resins. [1] High thermal conductivity and high flame retardancy become necessary properties of thermally resistant thermosetting resins for many cutting-edge fields. [2]实现更低的固化温度和更高的性能一直是开发耐热热固性树脂的重要目标。 [1] 高导热性和高阻燃性成为许多前沿领域耐热热固性树脂的必要性能。 [2]