Surface Scans(表面扫描)研究综述
Surface Scans 表面扫描 - To test this hypothesis, we built subject-specific parametric finite-element models from the surface scans of the femora of five Pan and six Homo juveniles. [1] For that means, clinicians need to obtain 2 types of data: surface scans from patient oral cavity and medical images from the underlying tissue anatomy. [2] Both methods have their strengths and weaknesses: while surface scans are cheaper and easier to obtain, CT scans provide information unavailable from the former technique. [3] The method was validated by line scans over a circular flat-bottomed hole and surface scans over two less regular features on aluminium specimens covered by 2 mm plastic panel. [4] In this paper we, therefore, propose and investigate an approach which is based on a set of atomic force microscope (AFM) surface scans in conjunction with a stitching algorithm. [5] Subsequently, the drill guide’s original (reference) data and the surface scans of the digitized 3D-printed drill guide were superimposed to evaluate their incongruencies. [6] We implement a geometric approach to stitch the volumes and generate the surface scans. [7] MATERIALS AND METHODS Three-dimensional landmark data were collected on computed tomographic scans and surface scans of Middle Pleistocene fossil hominins (n = 8), Homo erectus s. [8] From atomic force microscopy (AFM) surface scans, a roughness of about 8 nm was deduced. [9] For scanning magnetometers in rock magnetism, this result implies that magnetic dipole vectors of large numbers of individual magnetic particles can be reliably reconstructed from surface scans of the magnetic field, if the particle positions are independently determined. [10] X-ray diffraction-X-ray fluorescence (XRD-XRF) data sets obtained from surface scans of synthetic samples have been analysed by means of different data clustering algorithms, with the aim to propose a methodology for automatic crystallographic and chemical classification of surfaces. [11] Surface scans of study models taken pre- and post-extraction were digitally subtracted to analyse volumetric changes. [12] A surface mesh of each mandible was reconstructed from CT or surface scans. [13] Surface scans were taken prior to augmentation and at 4 months for profilometric analyses. [14] METHODS AND MATERIALS A three-dimensional printed bolus was designed using surface scans from iPhone X true depth cameras and a low-cost 3-dimensional printer. [15]为了验证这一假设，我们从五个 Pan 和六个 Homo 少年的股骨表面扫描中建立了特定主题的参数有限元模型。 [1] 为此，临床医生需要获得两种类型的数据：来自患者口腔的表面扫描和来自底层组织解剖结构的医学图像。 [2] 两种方法都有其优点和缺点：虽然表面扫描更便宜且更容易获得，但 CT 扫描提供前一种技术无法提供的信息。 [3] 该方法通过对圆形平底孔的线扫描和对 2 mm 塑料面板覆盖的铝试样上两个不太规则的特征的表面扫描进行了验证。 [4] 因此，在本文中，我们提出并研究了一种方法，该方法基于一组原子力显微镜 (AFM) 表面扫描以及拼接算法。 [5] 随后，将导钻器的原始（参考）数据和数字化 3D 打印导钻器的表面扫描叠加以评估它们的不一致之处。 [6] 我们实现了一种几何方法来缝合体积并生成表面扫描。 [7] 材料和方法 在中更新世古人类化石（n = 8）的计算机断层扫描和表面扫描中收集了三维地标数据，直立人。 [8] 根据原子力显微镜 (AFM) 表面扫描，推断出约 8nm 的粗糙度。 [9] 对于岩石磁性中的扫描磁力计，该结果意味着如果粒子位置是独立确定的，则可以从磁场的表面扫描中可靠地重建大量单个磁性粒子的磁偶极子矢量。 [10] 已经通过不同的数据聚类算法分析了从合成样品的表面扫描获得的 X 射线衍射-X 射线荧光 (XRD-XRF) 数据集，旨在提出一种用于表面的自动晶体学和化学分类的方法。 [11] 提取前后研究模型的表面扫描被数字减去以分析体积变化。 [12] 从 CT 或表面扫描重建每个下颌骨的表面网格。 [13] 在增强前和 4 个月时进行表面扫描以进行轮廓分析。 [14] 方法和材料 使用来自 iPhone X 真深度相机的表面扫描和低成本的 3D 打印机设计了一个 3D 打印丸剂。 [15]
cone beam computed 锥束计算
Preoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and surface scans were taken and matched using implant planning software. [1] Following the merged data obtained from the cone-beam computed tomographic and surface scans, a translucent SICAT Optiguide (SICAT, Bonn, Germany) was constructed containing a sleeve representing the proper direction of a drill path in order to reach the distobuccal root canal. [2] In both groups, digital implant planning was performed using data from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and surface scans. [3] A procedure for registering digital intraoral surface scans onto cone beam computed tomography in the presence of significant scatter artifact is described. [4]使用种植体规划软件进行术前锥形束计算机断层扫描 (CBCT) 和表面扫描并进行匹配。 [1] 根据从锥形束计算机断层扫描和表面扫描获得的合并数据，构建了一个半透明的 SICAT Optiguide（SICAT，波恩，德国），其中包含一个代表钻孔路径正确方向的套筒，以到达远颊根管。 [2] 在两组中，数字种植体计划都是使用来自锥形束计算机断层扫描 (CBCT) 和表面扫描的数据进行的。 [3] 描述了在存在显着散射伪影的情况下将数字口内表面扫描配准到锥形束计算机断层扫描上的过程。 [4]
relaxed potential energy 松弛势能
The relaxed potential energy surface scans were performed to obtain the minimum energy profiles (MEPs). [1] Next, using the 6-311G(d,p) basis set, the relaxed potential energy surface scans of the rotation angle were operated, and then the optimization calculations of the transition states at the extremum high points. [2] Next, using the 6-311G(d,p) basis set, the relaxed potential energy surface scans of the rotation angle were operated, and then the optimization calculations of the transition states at the extremum high points. [3]进行松弛势能表面扫描以获得最小能量分布（MEP）。 [1] 接下来，使用6-311G(d,p)基组，对旋转角进行松弛势能面扫描，然后对极值高点处的过渡态进行优化计算。 [2] nan [3]
Energy Surface Scans 能量表面扫描
The relaxed potential energy surface scans were performed to obtain the minimum energy profiles (MEPs). [1] Next, using the 6-311G(d,p) basis set, the relaxed potential energy surface scans of the rotation angle were operated, and then the optimization calculations of the transition states at the extremum high points. [2] Next, using the 6-311G(d,p) basis set, the relaxed potential energy surface scans of the rotation angle were operated, and then the optimization calculations of the transition states at the extremum high points. [3] Relaxed potential energy surface scans of structure 4 revealed an additional conformer (the thiol group is out-of-plane, structure 7) using the aforementioned methods at 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. [4] Relaxed potential energy surface scans (RPES) performed at B3LYP/6-31++G(d) level were used to map the reaction coordinate surfaces and to identify the geometries corresponding to the minima energy. [5] The potential energy surface scans performed on structurally favored species confirmed the impossible double proton transfer and highly difficult step-wise double proton transfer. [6] Conformational study has been performed and potential energy surface scans are plotted around the flexible bonds of the cocrystal molecule and three stable conformers have been obtained. [7] Based on photoexcitation and photoemission calculations, and potential energy surface scans in the excited state, we have shown that as the pH of the medium continuously decreases and the sequential protonation of the molecule takes place, the prevention of twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) followed by the activation of photo-induced electron transfer (PET) was responsible for the off-on-off switching mechanism of M1. [8] In order to determine the most stable geometries, conformational analysis of the free and coordinated ligands in these assemblies was carried out through the potential energy surface scans using quantum-chemical methods. [9] All bonded terms, including stiff terms and torsion angle parameters, were parametrized using exhaustive potential energy surface scans. [10] The hydrogen-bonded cationcation molecular pairs present in these salts were carefully analyzed using the quantum theory of atoms in molecules, non-covalent interaction plots, potential energy surface scans, and energy decomposition analysis. [11] Relaxed potential energy surface scans performed at the B3LYP-GD3BJ/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory are used to identify transition states (TSs) and intermediates of the six primary and one secondary products (where the other two secondary products have mechanisms previously established). [12]进行松弛势能表面扫描以获得最小能量分布（MEP）。 [1] 接下来，使用6-311G(d,p)基组，对旋转角进行松弛势能面扫描，然后对极值高点处的过渡态进行优化计算。 [2] nan [3] 结构 4 的松弛势能表面扫描揭示了在 6-311++G(d,p) 基组上使用上述方法的额外构象异构体（硫醇基团是平面外的，结构 7）。 [4] 在 B3LYP/6-31++G(d) 水平上执行的松弛势能表面扫描 (RPES) 用于映射反应坐标表面并识别与最小能量相对应的几何形状。 [5] 对结构有利的物种进行的势能表面扫描证实了不可能的双质子转移和非常困难的逐步双质子转移。 [6] nan [7] nan [8] nan [9] nan [10] nan [11] 在 B3LYP-GD3BJ/6-311+G(d,p) 理论水平上进行的松弛势能表面扫描用于识别六种初级产品和一种二级产品的过渡态 (TS) 和中间体（其中另外两种二级产品具有先前建立的机制）。 [12]
3d Surface Scans 3d 表面扫描
In this paper we introduce a cavity reconstructing algorithm for 3D surface scans (CRASS) developed for filling cavities in point clouds representing human body surfaces. [1] The recent curation of large-scale databases with 3D surface scans of shapes has motivated the development of tools that better detect global patterns in morphological variation. [2] To analyze test assemblies, several techniques were employed such as microscopic inspection, electrical qualification, 3D surface scans, shear-test and cross-sectional analysis. [3] Adhesives with a standardized length of 20 mm were measured in various facial regions through ultrasound and 3D surface scans, and the results were compared. [4] We thus aimed to describe and apply a novel workflow to collect bilateral leg volume measurements from whole-body 3D surface scans regardless of leg morphology and to assess workflow precision. [5] The recent curation of large-scale databases with 3D surface scans of shapes has motivated the development of tools that better detect global patterns in morphological variation. [6] Methods A body scanner and corresponding analysis software tools have been developed to get 3D surface scans of patient torsos and to analyze their spinal curvatures. [7] METHODS Thirty participants had 3D surface scans taken of their knee, along with questionnaire-based functional outcomes prior to surgery (baseline), and at two-week, six-week, 12-week, and 26-week timepoints post-surgery. [8] This study uses 228 3D surface scans of U. [9] Objective This study aims to (1) assess the facial morphology in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) subjects with moderate to severe temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement using 3D surface scans and (2) compare the facial morphology in these subjects to that in JIA subjects without TMJ involvement. [10] Using high-dimensional geometric morphometric data from 3D surface scans and CT scans of modern birds (n = 352), fossil non-avian dinosaurs (n = 27), and modern and fossil mesoeucrocodylians (n = 38), we demonstrate that some aspects of cranial integration are conserved across these taxonomic groups, despite their major differences in cranial form, function, and development. [11] Ten trials performed on a sample of 45 mandibles were used to compare measurements collected from photographs and images extracted from 3D surface scans to those collected with a mandibulometer, including intra‐ and inter‐observer analyses. [12]在本文中，我们介绍了一种用于 3D 表面扫描 (CRASS) 的空腔重建算法，该算法用于填充代表人体表面的点云中的空腔。 [1] 最近对具有形状 3D 表面扫描的大型数据库的管理推动了开发工具的发展，这些工具可以更好地检测形态变化中的全局模式。 [2] nan [3] nan [4] nan [5] 最近对具有形状 3D 表面扫描的大型数据库的管理推动了开发工具的发展，这些工具可以更好地检测形态变化中的全局模式。 [6] 方法 已经开发了身体扫描仪和相应的分析软件工具来获得患者躯干的 3D 表面扫描并分析他们的脊柱曲率。 [7] nan [8] nan [9] nan [10] nan [11] nan [12]
Dimensional Surface Scans 三维表面扫描
Three-dimensional surface scans of 14 vertebral elements from 30 Cercopithecus, 32 Chlorocebus, 39 Macaca, 45 Hylobates, 31 Pan, and 86 Homo specimens were used. [1] Here, we test for an early-burst pattern of a resource-exploiting trait (bill morphology) across the radiation of tanagers using a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny and high-resolution three-dimensional surface scans of bill structure from museum study skins. [2] The completeness and selectivity were volumetrically assessed through superimposition of three-dimensional surface scans. [3] Three-dimensional surface scans were then performed with ZYGONewView7100 optical-profilometer and ParkSystemAFM to identify the 3D roughness of the surfaces on two different scales (micro and nano) with SPIP-software. [4] Splints for guided access preparations were fabricated based on 3‐dimensional surface scans and cone‐beam computed tomographic data sets. [5] MATERIALS AND METHODS In a prospective study, 80 children were operated on with non-syndromic craniosynostosis (trigonocephalus, n = 30; plagiocephalus, n = 10; scaphocephalus, n = 38; brachycephalus, n = 2) and pre- and 3, 6, 12, 18 and 30 months postoperative three-dimensional surface scans were obtained (3DShape, Erlangen, Germany) and morphometrically measured (Onyx Ceph, Image Instruments, Chemnitz, Germany). [6]使用了来自 30 个 Cercopithecus、32 个 Chlorocebus、39 个 Macaca、45 个 Hylobates、31 个 Pan 和 86 个 Homo 标本的 14 个椎体元素的 3D 表面扫描。 [1] 在这里，我们使用时间校准的分子系统发育和来自博物馆研究皮肤的票据结构的高分辨率 3D 表面扫描来测试资源开发性状（票据形态）在唐纳雀辐射中的早期爆发模式。 [2] 通过叠加三维表面扫描对完整性和选择性进行体积评估。 [3] 然后使用 ZYGONewView7100 光学轮廓仪和 ParkSystemAFM 进行三维表面扫描，以使用 SPIP 软件在两个不同尺度（微米和纳米）上识别表面的 3D 粗糙度。 [4] nan [5] nan [6]
Facial Surface Scans 面部表面扫描
INTERVENTIONS Facial surface scans were obtained using the Canfield Vectra stereophotogrammetry system. [1] MATERIALS AND METHODS 3D facial surface scans of 17 WBS individuals and 33 normal developing patients were analyzed. [2] Facial surface scans were obtained using a Vectra-3D scanner and evaluated using geometric morphometric methods (CPD-DCA, PCA, Hotelling’s T2 tests). [3]干预措施 使用 Canfield Vectra 立体摄影测量系统获得面部表面扫描。 [1] 材料和方法 分析了 17 名 WBS 个体和 33 名正常发育患者的 3D 面部表面扫描。 [2] nan [3]
Body Surface Scans
In the framework of a project whose objective is to validate these instruments and extend their use to other specialities, we started to perform body surface scans in patients with pectus carinatum and pectus excavatum managed in the Paediatric Surgery Clinic after obtaining the informed consent of their parents. [1] Three-dimensional (3D) optical devices can rapidly acquire body surface scans in the form of a triangular mesh which can then be used to obtain anthropometric measurements such as body volume, limb lengths, and circumferences; however, the meshes provided by some scanners may include missing data patches known as holes. [2]在一个旨在验证这些仪器并将其应用扩展到其他专业的项目框架内，我们在获得父母的知情同意后，开始对在小儿外科诊所管理的鸡胸和漏斗胸患者进行体表扫描. [1] 三维 (3D) 光学设备可以快速获取三角形网格形式的体表扫描，然后可用于获取人体测量数据，例如身体体积、肢体长度和周长；但是，某些扫描仪提供的网格可能包含丢失的数据补丁，称为孔洞。 [2]
Intraoral Surface Scans
A procedure for registering digital intraoral surface scans onto cone beam computed tomography in the presence of significant scatter artifact is described. [1] The intraoral surface scans were fused with the volumetric MRI data based on the palatal soft tissue, and virtual templates for guided implant surgery were created and exported as STL files. [2]描述了在存在显着散射伪影的情况下将数字口内表面扫描配准到锥形束计算机断层扫描上的过程。 [1] 口内表面扫描与基于腭软组织的容积 MRI 数据融合，并创建用于引导种植手术的虚拟模板并导出为 STL 文件。 [2]
surface scans performed
The potential energy surface scans performed on structurally favored species confirmed the impossible double proton transfer and highly difficult step-wise double proton transfer. [1] Relaxed potential energy surface scans performed at the B3LYP-GD3BJ/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory are used to identify transition states (TSs) and intermediates of the six primary and one secondary products (where the other two secondary products have mechanisms previously established). [2]对结构有利的物种进行的势能表面扫描证实了不可能的双质子转移和非常困难的逐步双质子转移。 [1] 在 B3LYP-GD3BJ/6-311+G(d,p) 理论水平上进行的松弛势能表面扫描用于识别六种初级产品和一种二级产品的过渡态 (TS) 和中间体（其中另外两种二级产品具有先前建立的机制）。 [2]