Stone Fruits(核果)研究综述
Stone Fruits 核果 - Stone fruits, including peach (Prunus persica L. [1] Aim: to study the sensitization profile in patients with sensitivity to Bet v1 allergen who have clinically significant respiratory symptoms of pollinosis during the birch flowering season, oral allergy syndrome (OAS), and angioedema to nuts and stone fruits. [2] Stone fruits have a single-core, and the core volume is large, located in the center of the fruit. [3] These factors can serve as potential targets for developing PGRs to manipulate bloom dates in stone fruits to avoid the ever-increasing threat of spring frosts. [4] Phosalone (Pln), an organophosphorus pesticide, acts as an insecticide and acaricide to control pests of crops such as nuts, citrus fruits, pomegranates, stone fruits, grapes, potatoes, and artichokes. [5] It has been reported on stone fruits, e. [6] The crop-specific decision support tools, assisting growers to adjust effective PPP dose in specific circumstances, cover pome and stone fruits, citruses, olives, vines and greenhouse tomatoes. [7] In addition to the MADS-box transcription factor family, hormone-related genes, chromatin modifiers, macro- and micro-gametogenesis related genes and environmental integrators, were identified as novel biomarker candidates for flower bud development during winter in stone fruits. [8] This disease is one of the major limiting factors for the production of stone fruits, most notably apricot (Prunus armeniaca) and Japanese plum (P. [9] Results may have important implications for managing these genetic resources as well as their use in future breeding programs especially for the development of new rootstocks for almond and stone fruits. [10] The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of potassium hydrogen carbonate as a fungicide on strawberry, wine and table grapes, pome fruits, stone fruits, ornamentals and cucurbits. [11] Wilsonomyces carpophilus is a necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungus with a wide host range infecting all stone fruits such as peach, plum, apricot and cherry, and almonds among the nut crops. [12] Sharka (Plum pox) is considered one of the most devastating diseases of stone fruits in terms of agronomic impact and economic importance. [13] Leaf spots and fruit rots caused by Alternaria isolates have been reported in stone fruits, including plums (Kim et al. [14] The present findings support even further the use of auxin as the PGR of choice for stone fruits and especially for apricot, while cytokinin do not seem to be able to improve fruit quality characteristics. [15] After applying conventional treatments to five types of crops (citrus, persimmon, nectarine, watermelon, and other stone fruits), a total of 13 active substances were detected in the air. [16] , olive trees, stone fruits—plums, almonds, cherries) or wide-spread ornamental plants (e. [17] Background Cherries are stone fruits and belong to the economically important plant family of Rosaceae with worldwide cultivation of different species. [18] is one of the most important diseases of stone fruits. [19] , is among the most important diseases in stone fruits, and some pome fruits (mainly apples). [20] As the research object we have chosen winter apple varieties such as Rennet Simirenko, Gloster, Granny Smith, Korey; stone fruits – cherry varieties such as Podbelskaya, Lyubskaya; cherry plum varieties such as Desertnaya and Kremen; berries - red currant varieties such as Natali and Nenaglyadnaya, black currant varieties such as Pamyat Lisavenko and Orloviya. [21] BACKGROUND: Bacterial shot hole of stone fruits is a seriuos plant disease caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. [22] Amygdalin is a glycoside which commonly found in the seeds of stone fruits. [23] Based on pathogenic, biochemical and molecular characteristics, the strains isolated from apricot leaves and fruits in Montenegro were identified as Xap - causal agent of bacterial leaf spot and canker of stone fruits. [24] Brown rot is the most economically important fungal disease of stone fruits and is primarily caused by Monilinia laxa and Monlinia fructicola. [25] Peaches are well-liked amongst the stone fruits in Pakistan. [26] The brown rot disease caused by fungus Monilinia fructicola severely reduces the yield of peach and other stone fruits. [27] Stone fruits are an important crop in most parts of the world and are heavily challenged by several viruses including Plum pox virus (PPV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), and Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV). [28] The peach tree is a native species from China, belonging to the group of the stone fruits. [29] Bioconcentration coefficient (BC) values, calculated in accordance to the PHE contents in exchangeable and acid soluble forms in soil after first step of the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure, revealed that berry fruits had potential for accumulation of Cu, Ni, Sb, and Tl; stone fruits—Cu, Sb, and Tl; pome fruits—Cu, Ni, and Sb, and shell fruit (walnut)—Cu. [30] One of the most common viruses of sweet cherry and other stone fruits in the world is Prune dwarf virus (PDV). [31] Both Grapholita molesta (Busck) and Grapholita dimorpha Komai (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) are important pests of pome and stone fruits. [32] In addition,with due to erratic and extreme weather conditions, all kinds of pome and stone fruits are getting heavily damaged and quite often there is a coincidence of snowfall and flowering in most of the fruit and nut crops resulting in severe frost injury and in some cases the higher average temperature during winter inducing early bloom and maturity. [33] Among the stone fruits, ‘Santa Rosa’ plum (P. [34] The aim of this study was to develop a rapid detection and differentiation method for pathogenic Listeria species in stone fruits. [35] Our results show that pesticide removal from stone fruits by oxidizing technologies significantly varies depending on the treatment used and the target substance. [36] , 2013), stone fruits (EdgeGarza et al. [37] Plum pox virus (PPV) is economically the most important virus of stone fruits. [38] Freezing of flower buds is one of the most significant damages in winter for stone fruits. [39] Up until then, Monilinia were quarantine species, and importation of stone fruits to W. [40] 01) between the Z (impedance) and Y (admittance) values measured at the frequency of 100 Hz and acidity values of pome and stone fruits as well as between their Z and pH values (p ≤ 0. [41] BACKGROUND The peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae), is one of the most destructive pests of pome and stone fruits, while few studies of their molecular biology and physiology have been conducted. [42] In recent years, the most important pest of grapes and stone fruits has been the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) (Zerulla et al. [43] This destructive pest of small and stone fruits, native to Eastern and Southeastern Asia, was detected for the first time in 2008 in Tuscany, Italy (San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Central Italy) simultaneously with Spain, near Barcelona (Calabria et al. [44] The productivity of stone fruits in India is considerably low and one of the major reasons is the lack of locally suited clonal rootstocks. [45] Expedition activities of VIR and its experiment stations greatly broadened the collected diversity of stone fruits with valuable plant material that can be used in breeding. [46] Stone fruits are well known for their high nutritional value. [47] Plum pox virus (PPV) is the causative agent of sharka, a devastating disease of stone fruits including peaches, apricots, and plums. [48] ABSTRACT Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) was detected in 2008 in southern Europe and North America and it has spread rapidly throughout the two continents mainly affecting thin-skinned berries and stone fruits which constitute an important, economic and social driver in these regions. [49] Among different plant families, the Rosaceae family contains several economically pivotal fruit-producing crops, such as Fragaria (strawberries), Malus (apple), Rubus (blueberries) and Prunus (stone fruits), which suffer from cold injuries during the blooming period. [50]核果，包括桃（Prunus persica L. [1] 目的：研究对 Bet v1 过敏原敏感的患者在桦树开花季节出现花粉病临床显着呼吸道症状、口腔过敏综合征 (OAS) 和坚果和核果血管性水肿的致敏情况。 [2] 核果为单核，核体积大，位于果实中心。 [3] 这些因素可以作为开发 PGR 的潜在目标，以操纵核果的开花日期，以避免春季霜冻的威胁不断增加。 [4] Phosalone (Pln) 是一种有机磷农药，可用作杀虫剂和杀螨剂，以控制坚果、柑橘类水果、石榴、核果、葡萄、土豆和朝鲜蓟等农作物的害虫。 [5] 据报道，核果，例如。 [6] 特定作物的决策支持工具可帮助种植者在特定情况下调整有效的 PPP 剂量，涵盖梨果和核果、柑橘、橄榄、葡萄藤和温室番茄。 [7] 除了 MADS-box 转录因子家族外，激素相关基因、染色质修饰剂、宏观和微观配子发生相关基因和环境整合因子被确定为核果冬季花芽发育的新生物标志物候选物。 [8] 这种病害是核果生产的主要限制因素之一，最显着的是杏（Prunus armeniaca）和日本李（P. [9] 结果可能对管理这些遗传资源以及它们在未来育种计划中的使用具有重要意义，特别是对于开发杏仁和核果的新砧木。 [10] 该结论是在对碳酸氢钾作为杀菌剂在草莓、葡萄酒和鲜食葡萄、梨果、核果、观赏植物和葫芦科植物上的代表性用途进行评估的基础上得出的。 [11] Wilsonomyces carpophilus 是一种坏死性植物病原真菌，寄主范围广，可侵染桃、李、杏、樱桃等所有核果，以及坚果作物中的杏仁。 [12] 就农艺影响和经济重要性而言，鲨鱼（李子痘）被认为是核果最具破坏性的疾病之一。 [13] 据报道，包括李子在内的核果中存在由链格孢属分离株引起的叶斑病和果实腐烂（Kim et al. [14] 目前的研究结果进一步支持使用生长素作为核果特别是杏的 PGR，而细胞分裂素似乎不能改善果实品质特征。 [15] 对五种作物（柑橘、柿子、油桃、西瓜和其他核果）进行常规处理后，空气中共检测到13种活性物质。 [16] ， 橄榄 树、核果——李子、杏仁、樱桃）或广布的观赏植物 （例如。 [17] 背景樱桃是核果，属于蔷薇科重要的经济植物家族，在世界范围内种植不同的品种。 [18] 是核果最重要的病害之一。 [19] ，是核果和一些梨果（主要是苹果）中最重要的疾病之一。 [20] 作为研究对象，我们选择了Rennet Simirenko、Gloster、Granny Smith、Korey等冬季苹果品种；核果——樱桃品种，如 Podbelskaya、Lyubskaya；樱桃李品种，如 Desertnaya 和 Kremen；浆果 - 红醋栗品种如 Natali 和 Nenaglyadnaya，黑醋栗品种如 Pamyat Lisavenko 和 Orloviya。 [21] 背景：核果细菌性射孔是由木叶黄单胞菌引起的严重植物病害。 [22] 苦杏仁苷是一种常见于核果种子中的糖苷。 [23] 根据病原学、生化和分子特征，从黑山杏叶和果实中分离出的菌株被鉴定为Xap——细菌性叶斑病和核果溃疡病的致病菌。 [24] 褐腐病是核果经济上最重要的真菌病害，主要由 Monilinia laxa 和 Monlinia fructicola 引起。 [25] 桃子在巴基斯坦的核果中很受欢迎。 [26] 由真菌 Monilinia fructicola 引起的褐腐病严重降低了桃子和其他核果的产量。 [27] 核果是世界大部分地区的重要作物，受到多种病毒的严重挑战，包括李痘病毒（PPV）、李矮病毒（PDV）、李坏死环斑病毒（PNRSV）和苹果褪绿叶斑病毒（ACLSV） ）。 [28] 桃树是中国的本土树种，属于核果类。 [29] 根据社区参考局 (BCR) 顺序提取程序第一步后土壤中可交换和酸溶形式的 PHE 含量计算的生物富集系数 (BC) 值表明，浆果具有积累 Cu、Ni 的潜力、锑和铊；核果——Cu、Sb 和 Tl；梨果——铜、镍、锑，壳果（核桃）——铜。 [30] 世界上甜樱桃和其他核果中最常见的病毒之一是西梅矮病毒 (PDV)。 [31] Grapholita molesta (Busck) 和 Grapholita dimorpha Komai (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) 都是苹果和核果的重要害虫。 [32] 此外，由于不稳定和极端的天气条件，各种梨果和核果受到严重破坏，大多数水果和坚果作物经常出现降雪和开花的巧合，导致严重的霜害，一些冬季平均气温较高的情况下，会导致早期开花和成熟。 [33] 在核果中，‘圣罗莎’李子 (P. [34] 本研究的目的是开发一种快速检测和鉴别核果中致病性李斯特菌的方法。 [35] 我们的结果表明，通过氧化技术从核果中去除农药的效果因所使用的处理方法和目标物质而异。 [36] , 2013), 核果 (EdgeGarza et al. [37] 李痘病毒（PPV）是经济上最重要的核果病毒。 [38] 花芽冻结是核果冬季最严重的危害之一。 [39] 在那之前，Monilinia 是检疫物种，核果进口到 W. [40] 01) 在 100 Hz 频率下测量的 Z（阻抗）和 Y（导纳）值与梨果和核果的酸度值之间以及它们的 Z 和 pH 值之间（p ≤ 0。 [41] 背景 桃果蛾Carposina sasakii Matsumura（鳞翅目：Carposinidae）是对梨果和核果最具破坏性的害虫之一，而对其分子生物学和生理学的研究很少。 [42] 近年来，葡萄和核果最重要的害虫是斑点翅果蝇、铃木松村果蝇（双翅目：果蝇科）（Zerulla et al. [43] 这种破坏性的小核果害虫，原产于东亚和东南亚，于 2008 年在意大利托斯卡纳（意大利中部比萨的圣朱利亚诺泰尔梅）与西班牙巴塞罗那附近的西班牙同时被发现（Calabria et al. [44] 印度核果的产量相当低，主要原因之一是缺乏适合当地的克隆砧木。 [45] VIR及其实验站的考察活动极大地拓宽了核果的采集多样性，并具有可用于育种的宝贵植物材料。 [46] 核果以其高营养价值而闻名。 [47] 李子痘病毒 (PPV) 是鲨鱼病的病原体，鲨鱼病是桃子、杏子和李子等核果的毁灭性疾病。 [48] 摘要 铃木果蝇（Matsumura）（双翅目：果蝇科）于 2008 年在南欧和北美洲被发现，并迅速蔓延到两大洲，主要影响薄皮浆果和核果，它们构成了重要的经济和社会驱动因素。地区。 [49] 在不同的植物科中，蔷薇科包含几种经济上举足轻重的水果生产作物，如草莓（草莓）、苹果（苹果）、悬钩子（蓝莓）和李子（核果），它们在开花期会遭受冷害。 [50]
Important Stone Fruits
Plum is one of the most important stone fruits in the world and anthocyanin-rich plums are increasingly popular due to their health-promoting potential. [1] ) is one of the most important stone fruits, basically due to its good taste and multiple uses. [2]李子是世界上最重要的核果之一，富含花青素的李子因其促进健康的潜力而越来越受欢迎。 [1] ) 是最重要的核果之一，主要是由于其良好的口感和多种用途。 [2]
Several Stone Fruits 几个核果
produces several stone fruits such as plum, peach, pear, apricot in a restricted scale. [1] Additionally, the two pathogens induced similar disease symptoms in several stone fruits belonging to the genus Prunus, including peach (P. [2]小范围生产李子、桃子、梨子、杏子等核果。 [1] 此外，这两种病原体在属于李属的几种核果中引起了相似的疾病症状，包括桃（P. [2]
stone fruits caused
Brown rot is a major disease of stone fruits caused by Monilinia spp. [1] Although the occurrence of bacterial blight of walnut in Iran was ascertained using molecular-phylogenetic analysis, no evidence was obtained that the observed disease was the same as the bacterial spot and canker of stone fruits caused by X. [2]褐腐病是由 Monilinia spp 引起的核果的主要病害。 [1] 虽然通过分子系统发育分析确定了伊朗核桃细菌性枯萎病的发生，但没有证据表明观察到的疾病与由X引起的核果细菌性斑点病和溃疡病相同。 [2]
stone fruits throughout
Spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), a vinegar fly of Asian origin, has emerged as a devastating pest of small and stone fruits throughout the United States. [1] Over the past decade, the spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumara has become one of the most important pests of soft- and stone fruits throughout Europe. [2]斑翅果蝇（Drosophila suzukii）（Matsumura）（双翅目：果蝇科）是一种起源于亚洲的醋蝇，已成为美国各地小果和核果的毁灭性害虫。 [1] 在过去的十年中，斑点翅果蝇（Drosophila suzukii Matsumara）已成为整个欧洲最重要的软果和核果害虫之一。 [2]