Spherical Waves
球面波

Spherical Waves(球面波)研究综述

Spherical Waves 球面波 - This paper is the first work to investigate the temporal properties of plane and spherical waves in anisotropic marine turbulence. ^[1] The model utilizes Finite-Element-Method (FEM) for evaluating the response of the microphone array surface to background 3D planar and spherical waves. ^[2] On the other side, the Fourier-based image reconstruction in multistatic systems also faces few challenges including multidimensional interpolation, a plane-wave approximation of spherical waves, and $k$ -space partitioning. ^[3] This last effect is achieved through the generation of quasi-Bessel beams due to transformation of spherical waves into quasi-conic waves by means of apodization of the central part of the lens [3-5]. ^[4] The results obtained in this study could be potentially used to detect the different characteristics of the echo fields of plane waves, spherical waves and Gaussian waves reflected by different targets, so as to obtain the target characteristics. ^[5] The slant path SI model of the plane and spherical waves can be generated from the SI expression of Gaussian beam. ^[6] In this paper, cone-shaped optical fibers as point light sources of spherical waves for digital lensless holographic microscopy (DLHM) are developed and evaluated. ^[7] In addition, if the point excitation source of spherical waves was replaced by the line excitation source of plane waves, a plane acoustic wave focusing phenomenon would occur, which further proved that the local resonance acoustic metamaterial has good focusing characteristics and manipulation characteristics. ^[8] The measured situation and cut is replicated by applying translation and rotation of spherical waves to the known SMCs of the used omnidirectional-like antenna and transforming using the spherical wave expansion. ^[9] It is observed that increasing the number of non-thermal electrons in the medium increases the amplitude, velocity as well as width of the non-planar waves whereas with the increase in temperature, the velocity of waves decreases and this impact is dominant in spherical waves. ^[10] Because the evanescent mode of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and quasi-spherical waves (QSWs) decay in the lateral direction, they can induce a small image log-slope and low photoresist contrast, leading to a large LER. ^[11] Bragg degeneracy can be performed perfectly for a volume hologram written by two plane waves or spherical waves. ^[12] It is shown that the dependence of phase velocities on frequency is the same for plane, cylindrical and spherical waves (with axial symmetry) and independent of the geometry of the process. ^[13] , plane and spherical waves. ^[14] Specifically, using the Rytov theory in weak turbulence, the aperture-averaged scintillation indices for the plane and spherical waves are derived. ^[15] The weighting factor of each patch is based on the geometry, spherical waves, and the considerations of field amplitudes and phase variations. ^[16] Addition theorem for spherical waves. ^[17] Different sampling strategies associated with corresponding reconstruction waves (plane wave and spherical waves with various curvatures) are analyzed. ^[18] In this paper, based on the extended Rytov theory that combines modified large-scale and small-scale amplitude spatial-frequency filters, we theoretically derive the scintillation index (SI) of the plane and spherical waves by means of the approximate oceanic refractive-index spectrum with the variable eddy diffusivity ratio propagating through moderate-to-strong oceanic turbulence. ^[19]
本文是第一项研究各向异性海洋湍流中平面波和球面波的时间特性的工作。 ^[1] 该模型利用有限元法 (FEM) 来评估麦克风阵列表面对背景 3D 平面波和球面波的响应。 ^[2] 另一方面，多基地系统中基于傅里叶的图像重建也面临着一些挑战，包括多维插值、球面波的平面波近似以及 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-空间划分。 ^[3] 最后一个效果是通过产生准贝塞尔光束来实现的，这是由于通过透镜中心部分的切趾将球面波转换为准圆锥波 [3-5]。 ^[4] 本研究所得结果可潜在用于检测不同目标反射的平面波、球面波和高斯波的回波场的不同特征，从而获得目标特征。 ^[5] 平面波和球面波的斜路 SI 模型可以由高斯光束的 SI 表达式生成。 ^[6] 在本文中，开发和评估了锥形光纤作为用于数字无透镜全息显微镜 (DLHM) 的球面波点光源。 ^[7] 此外，如果将球面波的点激励源替换为平面波的线激励源，则会出现平面声波聚焦现象，进一步证明了局部共振声超材料具有良好的聚焦特性和操控特性。 ^[8] 通过将球面波的平移和旋转应用于所使用的类全向天线的已知 SMC 并使用球面波扩展进行变换，来复制测量的情况和切割。 ^[9] 据观察，增加介质中非热电子的数量会增加非平面波的幅度、速度和宽度，而随着温度的升高，波的速度会降低，这种影响在球面波中占主导地位. ^[10] 由于表面等离子激元（SPPs）和准球面波（QSWs）的渐逝模式在横向衰减，它们可以引起小的图像对数斜率和低的光刻胶对比度，从而导致大的LER。 ^[11] 对于由两个平面波或球面波写入的体积全息图，可以完美地执行布拉格退化。 ^[12] 结果表明，对于平面波、圆柱波和球面波（具有轴对称性），相速度对频率的依赖性是相同的，并且与过程的几何形状无关。 ^[13] 、平面波和球面波。 ^[14] 具体而言，利用弱湍流中的 Rytov 理论，导出了平面波和球面波的孔径平均闪烁指数。 ^[15] 每个贴片的加权因子基于几何形状、球面波以及场幅度和相位变化的考虑。 ^[16] 球面波的加法定理。 ^[17] 分析了与相应重建波（平面波和具有各种曲率的球面波）相关的不同采样策略。 ^[18] 本文基于改进的大尺度和小尺度幅度空间频率滤波器的扩展Ry​​tov理论，利用近似海洋折射率从理论上推导出平面波和球面波的闪烁指数（SI）。通过中到强海洋湍流传播的具有可变涡流扩散率的光谱。 ^[19]

Two Spherical Waves 两个球面波

Using the Poincare-Einstein type of expansion to determine the metric in the past eon, applying the reciprocity hypothesis to get the metric in the present eon, and using the Einstein equations in the present eon to interpret its matter content, we show that the single spherical wave from the previous eon in the new eon splits into three portions of radiation: the two spherical waves, one which is a damped continuation from the previous eon, the other is focusing in the new eon as it encountered a mirror at the Big Bang surface, and in addition a lump of scattered radiation described by the statistical physics. ^[1] One configuration creates the hologram using a plane wave and a spherical wave while the second configuration creates the hologram using two spherical waves. ^[2] The recording of the hologram is accomplished using two spherical waves of different radius of curvature. ^[3]
使用 Poincare-Einstein 类型的展开来确定过去 eon 中的度量，应用互易性假设得到现在 eon 中的度量，并使用现在 eon 中的 Einstein 方程来解释其物质含量，我们证明了单新纪元中前一个纪元的球面波分裂成三部分辐射：两个球面波，一个是前一个纪元的阻尼延续，另一个在新纪元中聚焦，因为它在大爆炸时遇到了一面镜子表面，以及统计物理学所描述的一团散射辐射。 ^[1] 一种配置使用平面波和球面波创建全息图，而第二种配置使用两个球面波创建全息图。 ^[2] 全息图的记录是使用两个不同曲率半径的球面波完成的。 ^[3]

spherical waves propagating

In this paper, the new expressions for the temporal frequency spreads of plane and spherical waves propagating in anisotropic maritime atmospheric turbulence are derived. ^[1] Express 26, 10188 (2018)] and the Rytov approximation, the new and exact theoretical forms for the wave structure function (WSF) of plane and spherical waves propagating in turbulent ocean are derived. ^[2]
本文推导了平面波和球面波在各向异性海洋大气湍流中传播的时间频率扩展的新表达式。 ^[1] Express 26, 10188 (2018)]和Rytov近似，推导了在湍流海洋中传播的平面波和球面波的波结构函数（WSF）的新的精确理论形式。 ^[2]

spherical waves produced 产生的球面波

An incident field composed of spherical waves produced by a beamed source is used as this conforms to the reported acoustic experiments. ^[1] The spherical waves produced by conventional horn antenna is being transform to planar waves by resorting flat lens in order to achieve a highly directive radiation in the farfield region. ^[2]
使用由光束源产生的球面波组成的入射场，因为这符合报告的声学实验。 ^[1] 传统喇叭天线产生的球面波通过平面透镜转换为平面波，以实现远场区域的高度定向辐射。 ^[2]