Slow Onset(起效缓慢)研究综述
Slow Onset 起效缓慢 - These characteristics of SDT rat are very useful to research diseases; however, the slow onset of diabetes may limit the usefulness of this animal model. [1] The paper will discuss theinter linkages of the slow onset hazard in a sinking and shrinking delta to explore pathways to achieve sustainable outcomes in south Asian deltas. [2] With the slow onset and the nonspecific and transient nature of functional impairments in psychiatric conditions, these limitations may prevent a more comprehensive description and early detection of psychopathology [1]. [3] Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine seems a limited, if viable, clinical alternative for DISE when propofol is contraindicated or not available: while causing higher SpO2 nadirs compared with propofol, it has a slow onset and longer recovery time, increasing total procedural time. [4] The negative effects of slow onset events (SOEs) related to climate change are already affecting developing countries, with the resulting impacts likely to increase significantly. [5] Given that labor pain is an acute pain and oral acetaminophen has a slow onset time, we argue that appropriate time of oral acetaminophen administration should be an important part of study design for achieving best effect of combined PCELA. [6] Our objective was to review the relevance of small-scale geodiversity to the slow onset effects of climate change defined by the UN-FCCC, including land and forest degradation, biodiversity loss, and desertification. [7] However, convenient antidepressants have low efficacy and slow onset defects, which is dangerous for suicidal tendency patients. [8] 7,8 Although PPIs are good treatment options for acid-related disorders, there are several limitations including slow onset of action and poor compliance due to dosing time restrictions around meals and influence of CYP2C19 genotypes on efficacy. [9] Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB), also known as olfactory neuroblastoma, is a rare sinonasal neuroectodermal malignancy with a slow onset of symptoms, favorable 5-year survival, and a propensity for delayed locoregional recurrence. [10] Asexual stage phenotyping studies determined the triazolopyrimidine class arrests parasites at the trophozoite stage, but it is likely these parasites are still metabolically active until the second asexual cycle, and thus have a moderate to slow onset of action. [11] This low dose results in the slow onset of action and low efficacy of oral naratriptan, but in high doses oral naratriptan is similar to oral sumatriptan. [12] All of these psychosocial factors add up and may lead to a slow onset of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic wounds. [13] Based on a systematic review of journal articles, books and book chapters, and policy papers, we evaluate possible sources of finance for addressing loss and damage from slow onset climate events in developing countries. [14] Patients with slow onset diabetes that are negative for auto-antibodies and have extra-pancreatic features should be tested for all known subtypes monogenic diabetes. [15] Candida infections in surgically treated fractures are rare but difficult-to-treat events, with a slow onset, unspecific symptoms or signs, and a significant relapse risk; therefore, they still represent a current diagnostic challenge. [16] Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are a class of diseases with a slow onset, progressive progression, and poor prognosis. [17] Antidepressants currently used in clinical practice have limitations such as low efficacy, slow onset and various adverse reactions. [18] Chronic silicosis is the classic presentation of silicosis with a slow onset of symptoms. [19] Kinetic analysis of the progress curves for the slow onset of inhibition of wild-type MR using a two-step kinetic mechanism gave Ki and Ki* values of 5. [20] Through a review of the CLIMIG database from 2015 to 2020, it assesses the state of knowledge on human mobility related to slow onset events by distilling peer-reviewed articles across world regions, with particular attention given to developing country contexts. [21] Slow onset events by definition occur gradually and it might be expected that policy-makers as a result pay less attention to them than to immediate risks or ‘shock’ crises. [22] Slow onset processes have been increasingly linked to human mobility in the global policy space. [23] Meclizine shows poor oral bioavailability and slow onset of action due to its low water solubility and poor permeability. [24] Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder with slow onset in most cases. [25] MJN110 effects on IP acid–depressed nesting had a slow onset and long duration (40 minutes to 6 hours), were blocked by rimonabant, and tended to be greater in females. [26] Half of patients had a slow onset, greater than 12 months before seeing a neurologist. [27] It is characterized by slow onset myelopathy that mainly compromises the lower limbs. [28] Most often, there is a slow onset of the disease with patients presenting only with back pain. [29] Our team synthesized deuterium clopidogrel(the patent has been obtained in China) to alleviate the deficiency of CLP in clinical application, such as a slow onset, greater influence of gene polymorphism and drug-drug interaction. [30] Taspine has a slow onset rate (~15 mins for half-maximal inhibition), irreversible over 30 minutes of washout. [31] Current management is challenged by slow onset of action and modest efficacies of antidepressants; thus, the search for newer antidepressants remains relevant. [32] Thus, the goal of this study was to analyze the response of slow onset events of long- (1952-2020) to short-term (~annual scale from 1989 to 2020) tidal inlet, shoreline change (1990-2020 with almost every five-year interval), spit morphodynamics (~annual scale from 1989 to 2020) to the ecological ramification within Chilika lake as well as the implications of sudden onset event of cyclonic landfall. [33] The slow onset of beneficial outcomes and numerous adverse effects of widely used medications remain of chief concern, warranting in-depth studies. [34] However, they exhibit a slow onset of action, suggesting the involvement of adaptive regulatory mechanisms. [35] Patients with illness from 'unfavorable' idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) often have slow onset of illness and evolution of encephalopathy, only moderate coagulopathy but marked jaundice and often a very poor survival with medical supportive care alone. [36] Although conventional antidepressants have been available and are often beneficial, they have several limitations, including a slow onset of action and an inadequate response for a substantial fraction of patients. [37] In 11 cases this was characterized by slow onset. [38] Perceived advantages of oral morphine included confidence in its use with no requirement for specific training; disadvantages included tolerability issues, slow onset, unpredictable response and unsuitability for patients with gastrointestinal failure. [39] Measurements were taken acutely (30 min) and chronically (24 h) to ensure that responses from compounds with slow onset kinetics or that affected surface ion channel expression would be captured. [40] Citizens in dense built environments are susceptible to the simultaneous occurrence of Slow Onset Disaster (SLOD) events, being particularly prone to increasing temperatures and air pollution. [41] Mouse islets, rat INS-1E, and human EndoC-βH1 beta cells were exposed long-term to non-cytotoxic concentrations of cytokines and/or butyrate to resemble the slow onset of inflammation in T2D. [42] Modern agricultural practices have expanded the destructive effects of salinity stress, affecting plants through immediate osmotic stress, followed by a slow onset of ionic or hyper-osmotic stress. [43] Slow onset, and slow, progressive, and irreversible course are the main clinical features. [44] Droughts are extreme events that have major impacts on communities, ecosystems and economies due to slow onset and complex processes. [45]SDT大鼠的这些特性对研究疾病非常有用；然而，糖尿病的缓慢发作可能会限制这种动物模型的实用性。 [1] 本文将讨论下沉和缩小的三角洲中缓发灾害的相互联系，以探索在南亚三角洲实现可持续成果的途径。 [2] 由于精神疾病中功能障碍的起病缓慢、非特异性和短暂性，这些限制可能会妨碍对精神病理学进行更全面的描述和早期检测[1]。 [3] 结论：当丙泊酚禁忌或不可用时，右美托咪定似乎是一种有限的但可行的 DISE 临床替代方案：虽然与丙泊酚相比，它会导致更高的 SpO2 最低值，但起效缓慢且恢复时间更长，从而增加了总手术时间。 [4] 与气候变化相关的缓发事件 (SOE) 的负面影响已经影响到发展中国家，由此产生的影响可能会显着增加。 [5] 鉴于分娩疼痛是一种急性疼痛并且口服对乙酰氨基酚起效时间较慢，我们认为口服对乙酰氨基酚的适当时间应该是研究设计的重要组成部分，以实现联合 PCELA 的最佳效果。 [6] 我们的目标是审查小规模地球多样性与 UN-FCCC 定义的气候变化缓慢发生影响的相关性，包括土地和森林退化、生物多样性丧失和荒漠化。 [7] 然而，方便的抗抑郁药疗效低，起效慢，对有自杀倾向的患者来说是危险的。 [8] 7,8 尽管 PPI 是酸相关疾病的良好治疗选择，但存在一些限制，包括起效缓慢和依从性差，这是由于用餐时的给药时间限制以及 CYP2C19 基因型对疗效的影响。 [9] 感觉神经母细胞瘤 (ENB) 也称为嗅觉神经母细胞瘤，是一种罕见的鼻窦神经外胚层恶性肿瘤，症状起效缓慢，5 年生存率良好，且有延迟局部复发的倾向。 [10] 无性阶段表型研究确定三唑并嘧啶类在滋养体阶段捕获寄生虫，但这些寄生虫很可能在第二个无性周期之前仍具有代谢活性，因此具有中度至缓慢的作用。 [11] 这种低剂量导致口服那拉曲坦起效缓慢且疗效低，但在高剂量时口服那拉曲坦与口服舒马曲坦相似。 [12] 所有这些社会心理因素加起来可能会导致慢性伤口患者缓慢出现焦虑和抑郁。 [13] 基于对期刊文章、书籍和书籍章节以及政策文件的系统回顾，我们评估了解决发展中国家缓慢发生的气候事件造成的损失和损害的可能资金来源。 [14] 对于自身抗体阴性且具有胰腺外特征的慢发糖尿病患者，应检测所有已知亚型的单基因糖尿病。 [15] 手术治疗骨折中的念珠菌感染是罕见但难以治疗的事件，起病缓慢，症状或体征不明确，复发风险显着；因此，它们仍然是当前的诊断挑战。 [16] 神经退行性疾病（NDDs）是一类起病缓慢、进行性进展、预后不良的疾病。 [17] 目前临床上使用的抗抑郁药存在疗效低、起效慢、不良反应多等局限性。 [18] 慢性矽肺是矽肺的典型表现，症状发作缓慢。 [19] 使用两步动力学机制对缓慢抑制野生型 MR 的进展曲线进行动力学分析，得出 Ki 和 Ki* 值为 5。 [20] 通过对 2015 年至 2020 年 CLIMIG 数据库的审查，它通过提炼世界各地同行评议的文章来评估与缓发事件相关的人类流动性的知识状况，特别关注发展中国家的背景。 [21] 根据定义，缓慢发生的事件是逐渐发生的，因此政策制定者可能对它们的关注少于对直接风险或“冲击”危机的关注。 [22] 缓慢的启动过程越来越与全球政策空间中的人员流动联系在一起。 [23] 由于其低水溶性和低渗透性，Meclizine 表现出较差的口服生物利用度和起效缓慢。 [24] 阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是一种进行性神经退行性脑部疾病，在大多数情况下起病缓慢。 [25] MJN110 对 IP 酸抑制筑巢的影响起效缓慢且持续时间长（40 分钟至 6 小时），被利莫那班阻断，并且在雌性中往往更大。 [26] 一半的患者发病缓慢，超过 12 个月后才去看神经科医生。 [27] 它的特点是起病缓慢的脊髓病，主要损害下肢。 [28] 大多数情况下，该病起病缓慢，患者仅出现背痛。 [29] 我们团队合成了氘氯吡格雷（已在中国获得专利），以缓解CLP在临床应用中起效慢、基因多态性影响较大、药物相互作用等不足。 [30] Taspine 起效缓慢（约 15 分钟达到半最大抑制），在 30 分钟内不可逆的洗脱。 [31] 目前的管理受到抗抑郁药起效缓慢和疗效不佳的挑战；因此，寻找更新的抗抑郁药仍然很重要。 [32] 因此，本研究的目的是分析长期（1952-2020 年）缓慢发生事件对短期（约 1989 年至 2020 年的年度规模）潮汐入口、海岸线变化（1990-2020 年几乎每 5 - 年间隔），唾液形态动力学（~1989 年至 2020 年的年度尺度）对 Chilika 湖内的生态影响以及气旋登陆突然发生的影响。 [33] 广泛使用的药物的缓慢出现的有益结果和许多不良反应仍然是主要问题，需要深入研究。 [34] 然而，它们表现出缓慢的起效，表明适应性调节机制的参与。 [35] 患有“不利”特异质性药物性肝损伤 (DILI) 的患者通常发病缓慢，脑病进展缓慢，只有中度凝血病，但有明显的黄疸，仅靠药物支持性护理往往存活率非常低。 [36] 尽管传统的抗抑郁药已经上市并且通常是有益的，但它们有几个局限性，包括起效缓慢和对大部分患者的反应不足。 [37] 在 11 例中，其特点是起病缓慢。 [38] 口服吗啡的公认优势包括对其使用的信心，无需特殊培训；缺点包括耐受性问题、起效慢、反应不可预测以及不适合胃肠道衰竭患者。 [39] 快速（30 分钟）和长期（24 小时）进行测量以确保捕获具有缓慢起始动力学或影响表面离子通道表达的化合物的响应。 [40] 居住在密集建筑环境中的公民容易受到同时发生的缓慢灾害 (SLOD) 事件的影响，特别容易受到气温升高和空气污染的影响。 [41] 小鼠胰岛、大鼠 INS-1E 和人类 EndoC-βH1 β 细胞长期暴露于非细胞毒性浓度的细胞因子和/或丁酸盐，类似于 T2D 炎症的缓慢发作。 [42] 现代农业实践扩大了盐分胁迫的破坏性影响，通过直接的渗透胁迫影响植物，随后缓慢发生离子或高渗透胁迫。 [43] 起病缓慢，病程缓慢、渐进、不可逆是主要临床特征。 [44] 干旱是由于发生缓慢和过程复杂而对社区、生态系统和经济产生重大影响的极端事件。 [45]
sea level rise
Thus, this study aims to investigate the current adaptation pathways of Asian deltaic cities to flooding induced by slow onset events such as urbanization-induced land subsidence and sea level rise, by looking at Tokyo, Jakarta, Manila, and Ho Chi Minh City as case studies. [1] The recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Oceans and the Cryosphere in a Changing Climate suggests sea level rise may be best understood as a slow onset disaster for Pacific Island countries and, in particular, low lying atoll nations. [2] A growing scientific evidence reaffirms that slow onset climate events such as desertification, sea level rise and loss of biodiversity will place an increasing number of people at risk of poverty and social marginalization. [3]因此，本研究旨在以东京、雅加达、马尼拉和胡志明市为例，调查亚洲三角洲城市目前对缓慢发生事件（如城市化引起的地面沉降和海平面上升）引起的洪水的适应途径学习。 [1] 最近政府间气候变化专门委员会 (IPCC) 关于气候变化中的海洋和冰冻圈的特别报告表明，对于太平洋岛国，尤其是低洼环礁国家，海平面上升最好理解为一场缓慢发生的灾难。 [2] 越来越多的科学证据再次证实，荒漠化、海平面上升和生物多样性丧失等气候事件的缓慢发生将使越来越多的人面临贫困和社会边缘化的风险。 [3]
slow onset event
The negative effects of slow onset events (SOEs) related to climate change are already affecting developing countries, with the resulting impacts likely to increase significantly. [1] Thus, this study aims to investigate the current adaptation pathways of Asian deltaic cities to flooding induced by slow onset events such as urbanization-induced land subsidence and sea level rise, by looking at Tokyo, Jakarta, Manila, and Ho Chi Minh City as case studies. [2] Through a review of the CLIMIG database from 2015 to 2020, it assesses the state of knowledge on human mobility related to slow onset events by distilling peer-reviewed articles across world regions, with particular attention given to developing country contexts. [3] Slow onset events by definition occur gradually and it might be expected that policy-makers as a result pay less attention to them than to immediate risks or ‘shock’ crises. [4] A review of prominent case studies conducted in Fiji suggests there is agreement on the importance of ensuring wide stakeholder participation and empowering community agency when designing strategies to address slow onset events and risks. [5] Thus, the goal of this study was to analyze the response of slow onset events of long- (1952-2020) to short-term (~annual scale from 1989 to 2020) tidal inlet, shoreline change (1990-2020 with almost every five-year interval), spit morphodynamics (~annual scale from 1989 to 2020) to the ecological ramification within Chilika lake as well as the implications of sudden onset event of cyclonic landfall. [6]与气候变化相关的缓发事件 (SOE) 的负面影响已经影响到发展中国家，由此产生的影响可能会显着增加。 [1] 因此，本研究旨在以东京、雅加达、马尼拉和胡志明市为例，调查亚洲三角洲城市目前对缓慢发生事件（如城市化引起的地面沉降和海平面上升）引起的洪水的适应途径学习。 [2] 通过对 2015 年至 2020 年 CLIMIG 数据库的审查，它通过提炼世界各地同行评议的文章来评估与缓发事件相关的人类流动性的知识状况，特别关注发展中国家的背景。 [3] 根据定义，缓慢发生的事件是逐渐发生的，因此政策制定者可能对它们的关注少于对直接风险或“冲击”危机的关注。 [4] nan [5] 因此，本研究的目的是分析长期（1952-2020 年）缓慢发生事件对短期（约 1989 年至 2020 年的年度规模）潮汐入口、海岸线变化（1990-2020 年几乎每 5 - 年间隔），唾液形态动力学（~1989 年至 2020 年的年度尺度）对 Chilika 湖内的生态影响以及气旋登陆突然发生的影响。 [6]
slow onset climate
Based on a systematic review of journal articles, books and book chapters, and policy papers, we evaluate possible sources of finance for addressing loss and damage from slow onset climate events in developing countries. [1] A growing scientific evidence reaffirms that slow onset climate events such as desertification, sea level rise and loss of biodiversity will place an increasing number of people at risk of poverty and social marginalization. [2]基于对期刊文章、书籍和书籍章节以及政策文件的系统回顾，我们评估了解决发展中国家缓慢发生的气候事件造成的损失和损害的可能资金来源。 [1] 越来越多的科学证据再次证实，荒漠化、海平面上升和生物多样性丧失等气候事件的缓慢发生将使越来越多的人面临贫困和社会边缘化的风险。 [2]
slow onset disaster
The recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Oceans and the Cryosphere in a Changing Climate suggests sea level rise may be best understood as a slow onset disaster for Pacific Island countries and, in particular, low lying atoll nations. [1] Citizens in dense built environments are susceptible to the simultaneous occurrence of Slow Onset Disaster (SLOD) events, being particularly prone to increasing temperatures and air pollution. [2]最近政府间气候变化专门委员会 (IPCC) 关于气候变化中的海洋和冰冻圈的特别报告表明，对于太平洋岛国，尤其是低洼环礁国家，海平面上升最好理解为一场缓慢发生的灾难。 [1] 居住在密集建筑环境中的公民容易受到同时发生的缓慢灾害 (SLOD) 事件的影响，特别容易受到气温升高和空气污染的影响。 [2]