Salt Flux(盐通量)研究综述
Salt Flux 盐通量 - High-quality needle-like crystals of La5Ti2CuS5O7 (a ternary transition-metallic oxysulfide) as long as 1 mm and a few μm in diameter were grown in CsCl molten-salt flux. [1] This chapter presents the results of a study on the influence of streamflow variability on salt fluxes in a semi-arid Tiva River Basin located in Eastern Kenya. [2] The mathematical model with parameters derived from the experimental data can reasonably predict water and salt fluxes as well as pressures under various combinations of feed conditions of temperature, flow and pressure (average error ≤4%). [3] Heat, momentum and salt fluxes were set on the ocean surface, which were calculated according to the ERA-Interim reanalysis. [4] The spatially varying TR was explained by different contributions of exchange flow and tidal pumping to salt flux. [5] Aluminium dross is described as a heterogeneous material with its major constituents being metallic aluminium, alumina and other salt fluxes like NaCl and KCl. [6] no salt flux, no pressure drop) and solution properties (i. [7] The decrease in salinity of up to 10 psu at the mouth of Galveston Bay due to the MAR discharge results in a decrease in horizontal density gradient, a decrease in the salt flux, and a weakened estuarine circulation and estuarine–ocean exchange. [8] Virtual moorings on the two sides of the front are used to depict the evolution of stratification, shear, turbulent stresses, turbulent heat and salt fluxes, as well as turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget terms. [9] Large micron-sized Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ phosphors were successfully synthesized by a cost-effective method using eutectic mixtures of YF3–AlF3 as the molten-salt flux for high-power laser diodes applications. [10] 2 L m−2 h−1 with a salt flux of 0. [11] The decrease in salinity of up to 10 psu at the mouth of Galveston Bay due to the MAR discharge results in a decrease in horizontal density gradient, a decrease in the salt flux, and a weakened estuarine circulation and estuarine–ocean exchange. [12] The behaviour of the transition from stationary to oscillatory convection is examined in detail as the boundary conditions vary from prescribed temperature and salt concentration toward those of prescribed heat flux and salt flux. [13] Rotary furnaces are normally used in Europe as they allow a great productivity and they can process low quality scrap using a salt flux to protect the molten metal from oxidation. [14] Two end-member situations appear equally favourable to generating large volumes of granites: (1) short-lived environments dominated by high basaltic flux, where granites result mostly from basalt differentiation; and (2) long-lived systems with no or minimal basalt flux, with granites resulting chiefly from crustal melting. [15] A theoretical formalism is put forward to explain these features in terms of vertical divergences of double-diffusive fluxes; temperature and salinity gradients along layers are set by the depth-dependent ratio of double-diffusive heat to salt fluxes. [16] Studies of water-particle flow dynamics in shallow estuarine systems show that tidal currents control water exchange, salt flux and residence time. [17] The oxidizing roasting process of the black dross was investigated by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis and thermodynamic calculation, and the effects of roasting conditions on the removal rate of AlN and salt flux in black dross were studied. [18] Study focus The study focused on the determination of the influence of streamflow variability on salt fluxes. [19]在 CsCl 熔盐熔剂中生长了长 1 毫米、直径几微米的 La5Ti2CuS5O7（一种三元过渡金属氧硫化物）的高质量针状晶体。 [1] 本章介绍了肯尼亚东部半干旱蒂瓦河流域河流流量变化对盐通量影响的研究结果。 [2] 以实验数据为参数的数学模型可以合理地预测温度、流量和压力等各种进料条件组合下的水盐通量和压力（平均误差≤4%）。 [3] 海洋表面的热量、动量和盐通量是根据 ERA-Interim 再分析计算得出的。 [4] 空间变化的 TR 可以通过交换流和潮汐泵对盐通量的不同贡献来解释。 [5] 铝渣被描述为一种异质材料，其主要成分是金属铝、氧化铝和其他盐熔剂，如 NaCl 和 KCl。 [6] 无盐通量，无压降）和溶液特性（i. [7] 加尔维斯顿河口盐度下降高达 10 psu 湾由于 MAR 放电导致水平密度降低 梯度下降，盐通量减少，河口环流减弱， 河口-海洋交换。 [8] 正面两侧的虚拟系泊用于描绘分层、剪切、湍流应力、湍热和盐通量以及湍动能 (TKE) 预算项的演变。 [9] 使用 YF3–AlF3 的共晶混合物作为高功率激光二极管应用的熔盐助熔剂，通过一种经济有效的方法成功合成了大微米尺寸的 Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ 荧光粉。 [10] 2 L m−2 h−1，盐通量为 0。 [11] 由于 MAR 排放，加尔维斯顿湾口的盐度降低了 10 psu，导致水平密度梯度下降，盐通量减少，河口环流和河口-海洋交换减弱。 [12] 当边界条件从规定的温度和盐浓度向规定的热通量和盐通量变化时，详细检查了从静止到振荡对流的过渡行为。 [13] 旋转炉通常在欧洲使用，因为它们可以提高生产率，并且可以使用盐熔剂处理低质量废料以保护熔融金属免受氧化。 [14] 两种端元情况似乎同样有利于生成大量花岗岩：（1）以高玄武岩通量为主的短寿命环境，其中花岗岩主要来自玄武岩分异； (2) 没有玄武岩通量或只有少量玄武岩通量的长寿命系统，花岗岩主要来自地壳熔融。 [15] 提出了一种理论形式，用双扩散通量的垂直发散来解释这些特征；沿层的温度和盐度梯度由双扩散热与盐通量的深度相关比率决定。 [16] 对浅河口系统中水粒子流动动力学的研究表明，潮流控制着水交换、盐通量和停留时间。 [17] 通过X射线衍射、热重-差热分析和热力学计算研究了黑渣的氧化焙烧过程，研究了焙烧条件对黑渣中AlN去除率和盐通量的影响。 [18] 研究重点 该研究的重点是确定流量变化对盐通量的影响。 [19]
sub grid scale 子网格尺度
The ability to reproduce the multi-fractality of this scaling is crucial in the context of downscaling model simulation outputs to infer sea ice variables at the sub-grid scale and also has implications for modeling the statistical properties of deformation-related quantities, such as lead fractions and heat and salt fluxes. [1] As an option of the code improvement, the authors consider further elaboration of the module of heat/salt flux to/from bottom sediment, development of parameterisations facilitating heat transfer along the water column on sub-grid scale. [2] The ability to reproduce the multi-fractality of this scaling is crucial in the context of downscaling model simulation outputs to infer sea ice variables at the sub-grid scale and also has implications for modeling the statistical properties of deformation-related quantities, such as lead fractions and heat and salt fluxes. [3]在缩小模型模拟输出以推断亚网格尺度的海冰变量的背景下，再现这种缩放的多重分形的能力至关重要，并且对于模拟变形相关量的统计特性（例如铅）也具有意义馏分和热和盐通量。 [1] 作为代码改进的一个选项，作者考虑进一步阐述进出底部沉积物的热/盐通量模块，开发参数化以促进亚网格尺度上沿水柱的热传递。 [2] nan [3]
Reverse Salt Flux 反向盐通量
The forward ammonium flux increased with draw solution reverse salt flux below pH = 9, whereas it was unaffected by this flux above pH = 9. [1] Larger particles induced by less negative zeta potential and higher extracellular polymeric substances, together with the higher conductivity resulted by reverse salt flux in the osmotic membrane bioreactor, improved the sludge rheology due to reduced interactions between particles. [2] Meanwhile, after adding PVP, the TFC membranes exhibited good water flux, and excellent specific reverse salt flux. [3] The results of the FO performance tests, including the values of water flux and reverse salt flux, indicate improvement in the selectivity and permeability properties of the CA/MIL-53(Fe) hybrid membranes. [4] The resulting composite FO membranes showed low reverse salt flux (0. [5] Compared with Na+, Li+ with a larger hydrated radius showed a significantly lower reverse salt flux, resulting in a lower ionic strength and therefore a stronger electrostatic interaction. [6] 5 L·h−1 m−2, representing a growth of 66%, maintaining reverse salt flux (Js) practically constant. [7] 9 L/m2 h (FO mode, 1 M NaCl draw solution), without a significant increase in reverse salt flux. [8] FO deploys a concentrated draw solution to overcome the high osmotic pressure of liquid desiccant solutions; hence, it is feasible for their regeneration despite the issues with internal/external concentration polarization and reverse salt flux. [9] The results revealed that KCl fertilizer draw solution achieved the highest water flux and adequate reverse salt flux as compared to other fertilizer draw solution. [10] This is because when MgCl2 was used as the draw solute, the reverse salt flux of magnesium to the concentrated ATDM provided favourable conditions for struvite crystal formation. [11] Otherwise, it may significantly increase the reverse salt flux and external concentration polarization (ECP) on the active layer. [12] 6 L·h−1·m−2, without affecting the reverse salt flux. [13] The effect of DS type, concentration, circulation flow rates on the FO water flux (WF), specific water flux (SWF), percentage water recovery (%Wrecovery), reverse salt flux (RSF) and percentage salt rejection (%R) were studied. [14] Higher average FO water fluxes were obtained due to likely lower reverse salt fluxes for the organic draw solutions compared to NaCl. [15] Pre-determined concentrations of green and blue dye mixtures based on final desired concentrations (for further use in dyeing process), gave comparable water flux with 1M NaCl and 1M MgCl2, however, slightly higher reverse salt flux values were obtained with dyes compared to the inorganic salts. [16] Thin-film composite (TFC) membranes with high water flux and low reverse salt flux are the most conventional materials for forward osmosis (FO) process. [17] 4 g/m2/h reverse salt flux) performs at least seven times (with respective to the water flux) and three times (with respective to the reverse salt flux) better than that of commercial cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane (10 L/m2/h and 12 g/m2/h) in FO. [18] Moreover, compared with the control membrane, the modified membranes also have much higher water fluxes (87–141% increase) and comparable or even lower reverse salt fluxes. [19] The selectivity ratios (water flux/reverse salt flux) of GLM were experimentally assessed to be 1. [20] We report the use of highly porous Janus membranes with unparalleled forward osmosis (FO) performance in terms of water flux and reverse salt flux. [21] Due to its dense architecture, ultrasmooth surface, and high negative surface charge, the PTAODH membrane exhibits excellent FO performance with minimal fouling, low reverse salt flux, and negligible dye passage to the draw solution side. [22] 2%) than the TFN-A because the substrate that contained GO could improve the porous structure and porosity, while the TFN-A membrane exhibited a lower reverse salt flux and higher salt rejection than the TFN-S membrane, indicating that the surface properties played a more important role than the substrate for the salt rejection. [23] Meanwhile, its reverse salt flux was only 1. [24] However, the salt concentration of the feed solution was increased due to the reverse salt flux of the draw solution, which may hinder the further processing of tannin-containing spruce bark extract. [25] The effect of draw solution (DS) temperature on the FO performance was first assessed in terms of flux, reverse salt flux (RSF), and specific RSF (SRSF). [26] 94 L/m2 h bar, while the reverse salt flux reduced from 0. [27] Water flux and reverse salt flux decreased with increasing the concentration of polysulfone polymer. [28] Conversely, there was not an upper limit to reverse salt flux. [29] The hollow fiber TFC FO membrane showed higher water flux and lower reverse salt flux than the CTA membrane in diluting process. [30] 7 LMH, representing 188% improvement compared to the TFC membrane, although the reverse salt flux negligible was increased. [31] The relative composition of zwitterion on active membrane surface was optimized by investigating the tradeoff between water permeability and reverse salt flux. [32] Both nanocomposite membranes (GPANILM and GPANILM-140) demonstrated excellent mechanical stability and their performances in terms of water permeation (JW) and reverse salt flux (Js) were verified using a regular FO desalination system. [33] 9 L m−2 h−1 and a comparable reverse salt flux of 1. [34] 7 g NaCl/L constant draw solution, water and reverse salt fluxes up to 5. [35] MgCl2 had a larger specific reverse salt flux and induced a more pronounced fouling-related flux decline with groundwater samples. [36] The performance of PA, PSF-PA, and physically combined PSF+PA membrane was compared in terms of water flux, reverse salt flux, and selectivity. [37] In this regard, reverse salt flux remarkably reduced from 2. [38] 8 LMH and low reverse salt flux of 3. [39] Overall, HTI-TFC membrane was most suited for concentrating distillery wastewater, but the effect of high reverse salt flux of this membrane needs to be further investigated. [40] However, the difference of water flux (Jw) and reverse salt flux (RSF) between measured and predicted data increases when both feed and draw temperatures also increase. [41] 74 L m−2 h−1, lower specific reverse salt flux of 0. [42] The experimental results illustrate that a highly crosslinked polyamide with low reverse salt flux could be formed on the PEG-b-PSF-b-PEG support, and the post-annealing treatment could tailor the membrane structure and properties of the PEG-b-PSF-b-PEG support to decrease its structure parameter without affecting the polyamide. [43] Potassium sorbate preservative was developed as draw solute to minimize the accumulation of a draw solute in the concentrated juice without interfering juice flavor, and the slow diffusion of potassium sorbate preservative across the FO membrane to the feed juice concentrate can also prevent the bacterial growth during the concentration process by taking advantage of reverse salt flux. [44] 10 °C) difference and valance of reverse salt flux (RSF) in forward osmosis membrane. [45] The water flux followed the sequence TFC-LDH > TFC ≈ LDH@TFC-LDH > LDH@TFC, while the reverse salt flux showed the opposite trend. [46] h–1 and a lower reverse salt flux (Js) of 9. [47]正向铵通量随着汲取溶液反向盐通量低于 pH=9 而增加，而在高于 pH=9 时不受该通量的影响。 [1] 较小的负 zeta 电位和较高的细胞外聚合物诱导的较大颗粒，以及渗透膜生物反应器中反向盐通量导致的较高电导率，由于减少了颗粒之间的相互作用而改善了污泥的流变性。 [2] nan [3] nan [4] nan [5] nan [6] nan [7] nan [8] nan [9] nan [10] nan [11] nan [12] nan [13] nan [14] nan [15] nan [16] nan [17] nan [18] nan [19] nan [20] nan [21] nan [22] nan [23] nan [24] nan [25] nan [26] nan [27] nan [28] nan [29] nan [30] nan [31] nan [32] nan [33] nan [34] nan [35] nan [36] nan [37] nan [38] nan [39] nan [40] nan [41] nan [42] nan [43] nan [44] nan [45] nan [46] nan [47]
Specific Salt Flux 特定盐通量
1 times higher FO water flux and ∼68% lower specific salt flux than the membrane prepared via conventional aliphatic solvent-based interfacial polymerization (IP) in FO mode. [1] In an FO process, NG membranes achieved an outstanding specific salt flux of 0. [2] 5 times higher FO water flux and ∼63% lower specific salt flux (in FO mode) compared to the commercial HTI-CTA membrane. [3]与通过传统脂肪族溶剂型界面聚合 (IP) 在 FO 模式下制备的膜相比，FO 水通量高 1 倍，比盐通量低 68%。 [1] 在 FO 工艺中，NG 膜实现了出色的 0 比盐通量。 [2] nan [3]
Molten Salt Flux 熔盐助熔剂
The phase stability of cubic and tetragonal yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was studied in the specific electrochemical conditions of current loading and molten salt flux. [1] The present review article covers the synthesis of inorganic fluorides using two types of molten media – molten salt fluxes and ionic liquids (IL). [2] We synthesized BaAl12O19:Eu2+ phosphors by the molten salt flux method at the relatively low temperature. [3]在电流负载和熔盐通量的特定电化学条件下，研究了立方和四方氧化钇稳定氧化锆 (YSZ) 的相稳定性。 [1] 本综述文章涵盖了使用两种熔融介质——熔盐熔剂和离子液体 (IL) 合成无机氟化物。 [2] 我们采用熔盐熔剂法在较低温度下合成了 BaAl12O19:Eu2+ 荧光粉。 [3]
Vertical Salt Flux 垂直盐通量
Here, we examine global ocean salinity changes and ocean vertical salt fluxes over the full depth in a dynamically consistent and data-constrained ocean state estimate. [1] Changes in the upper layer salinity might not be related to the accumulated river runoff only, but decadal changes of vertical salt flux might also contribute. [2]在这里，我们在动态一致和数据受限的海洋状态估计中检查了全深度的全球海洋盐度变化和海洋垂直盐通量。 [1] 上层盐度的变化可能不仅仅与累积的河流径流有关，但垂直盐通量的年代际变化也可能有所贡献。 [2]
salt flux method 盐通量法
The LiCl salt flux method is an established aid in oxyhydride synthesis. [1] We synthesized BaAl12O19:Eu2+ phosphors by the molten salt flux method at the relatively low temperature. [2] In this study, we probe the atomistic motion of La2LiHO3 obtained by the promising halide salt flux method, via a combination of deep inelastic neutron scattering (DINS) and ab initio lattice dynamics (LD) calculations verified by vibrational inelastic neutron spectroscopy (INS). [3]LiCl 盐助熔剂法是氢氧化合物合成中公认的辅助方法。 [1] 我们采用熔盐熔剂法在较低温度下合成了 BaAl12O19:Eu2+ 荧光粉。 [2] nan [3]
salt flux growth 盐通量增长
Bulk samples were synthesized by arc melting above 2500 °C, and salt flux growth at ∼850 °C was used to create nanoscale materials. [1] Bulk samples were synthesized by arc melting above 2500 ºC and salt flux growth at ~850 ºC was used to create nanoscale materials. [2]散装样品通过 2500 °C 以上的电弧熔化合成，并使用 850 °C 下的盐通量生长来制造纳米级材料。 [1] 散装样品通过 2500 ºC 以上的电弧熔化合成，并使用约 850 ºC 的盐通量生长来制造纳米级材料。 [2]