Retarded Osmosis(延迟渗透)研究综述
Retarded Osmosis 延迟渗透 - Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is a promising membrane technology for harnessing the osmotic energy of saline solutions. [1] Forward osmosis (FO) and pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) are two osmotic driven membrane processes that utilize draw solution with higher osmotic pressure than the feed solution to drive the water flux. [2] This chapter aims to delve into numerical analysis relevant to membrane performance in the pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) process. [3] Osmotic and hydraulic pressures are both indispensable for operating membrane-based desalting processes, such as forward osmosis (FO), pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO), and reverse osmosis (RO). [4] In addition, a Pressure-Retarded Osmosis subsystem is incorporated to use the discharged brine from the desalination systems, creating an additional electrical output by recovering brine energy. [5] Calcium phosphate scaling, a typical inorganic scaling, has been identified as a challenging issue in the operation of osmotically driven membrane processes (ODMPs) especially in pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) mode where membrane porous substrate faces against the impaired feed solution (FS). [6] Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) has recently received attention because of its ability to generate power via an osmotic pressure gradient between two solutions with different salinities: high- and low-salinity water sources. [7] Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) uses a semipermeable membrane to control the osmotic mixing to generate renewable osmotic power from a salinity gradient. [8] Many technologies, including pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO), have been applied in an attempt to reduce the energy consumption of SWRO. [9] HighlightsMechanical work can be generated from fertilizer via pressure-retarded osmosis. [10] Biofouling is a critical bottleneck in pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO), as the feed solution inevitably contains microorganisms. [11] More precisely, this work focuses on stratified river mouths and the membrane-based technology of Pressure-Retarded Osmosis. [12] Osmosis has started discovering technical application in the developing membrane technologies like Forward Osmosis and Pressure-Retarded Osmosis. [13] The aim of this work is to fabricate nanocellulose based nanofiber pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) via electrospinning technique. [14] The objective of this study is to estimate the Indian blue energy potential by mixing river and seawater before discharging into the sea through the optimized pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) process. [15] The widely used van ’t Hoff linear relation for predicting the osmotic pressure of NaCl solutions may result in errors in the evaluation of key system parameters, which depend on osmotic pressure, in pressure-retarded osmosis and forward osmosis. [16] Reversed-electrodialysis (RED) has become more prominent among the conventional membrane-based separation methodologies due to its higher energy efficiency and lesser susceptibility to membrane fouling than pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO). [17] While pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) and reverse electrodialysis (RED) are by far the most studied methods for such a purpose, the concept of using the capacitive electrode response for blue energy harvesting has been shown to offer unique advantages. [18] 11 g/L specific reverse salt flux in FO/pressure-retarded osmosis mode while using 1 M NaCl as the draw solution and deionized (DI) water as the feed solution. [19] Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is viewed as a highly promising renewable energy process that generates energy without carbon emissions in the age of the climate change regime. [20] A hybrid process of pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) coupled with membrane distillation (MD) has been proposed as one of the alternatives for fossil fuels. [21] Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is the next generation seawater desalination technology, and is considered an eco-friendly and economic renewable energy. [22] Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) shows promise for mitigating energy and environmental concerns associated with seawater reverse osmosis (RO) desalination. [23]压力延迟渗透 (PRO) 是一种很有前途的膜技术，可用于利用盐溶液的渗透能。 [1] 正向渗透 (FO) 和压力延迟渗透 (PRO) 是两种渗透驱动膜工艺，它们利用渗透压高于进料溶液的汲取溶液来驱动水通量。 [2] 本章旨在深入研究与压力延迟渗透 (PRO) 过程中的膜性能相关的数值分析。 [3] 渗透压和液压对于操作基于膜的脱盐过程都是必不可少的，例如正向渗透 (FO)、压力延迟渗透 (PRO) 和反渗透 (RO)。 [4] 此外，还集成了一个压力延迟渗透子系统，以使用脱盐系统排出的盐水，通过回收盐水能量产生额外的电力输出。 [5] 磷酸钙结垢是一种典型的无机结垢，已被确定为渗透驱动膜工艺 (ODMP) 操作中的一个具有挑战性的问题，尤其是在压力延迟渗透 (PRO) 模式中，其中膜多孔基材面对受损的进料溶液 (FS) . [6] 压力延迟渗透 (PRO) 最近受到关注，因为它能够通过具有不同盐度的两种溶液之间的渗透压梯度发电：高盐度和低盐度水源。 [7] 压力延迟渗透 (PRO) 使用半透膜来控制渗透混合，以从盐度梯度产生可再生的渗透力。 [8] 许多技术，包括压力延迟渗透 (PRO)，已被应用以试图降低 SWRO 的能耗。 [9] 亮点机械功可以通过压力延迟渗透从肥料中产生。 [10] 生物污染是压力延迟渗透 (PRO) 的一个关键瓶颈，因为进料溶液不可避免地含有微生物。 [11] 更准确地说，这项工作的重点是分层河口和基于膜的压力延迟渗透技术。 [12] Osmosis 已经开始在正向渗透和压力延迟渗透等发展中的膜技术中发现技术应用。 [13] 这项工作的目的是通过静电纺丝技术制造基于纳米纤维素的纳米纤维压力延迟渗透（PRO）。 [14] 本研究的目的是在通过优化的压力延迟渗透 (PRO) 工艺将河流和海水排放到海中之前，通过混合河流和海水来估计印度蓝色能源的潜力。 [15] 广泛使用的用于预测 NaCl 溶液渗透压的 van 't Hoff 线性关系可能会导致在压力延迟渗透和正向渗透中对取决于渗透压的关键系统参数的评估出现错误。 [16] 反向电渗析 (RED) 在传统的基于膜的分离方法中变得更加突出，因为它比压力延迟渗透 (PRO) 具有更高的能量效率和对膜污染更小的敏感性。 [17] 虽然压力延迟渗透 (PRO) 和反电渗析 (RED) 是迄今为止研究最多的用于此目的的方法，但使用电容电极响应来收集蓝色能量的概念已被证明具有独特的优势。 [18] nan [19] nan [20] nan [21] nan [22] nan [23]
salinity gradient energy
When hydraulic pressure was added on the feed side of the membrane in the otherwise conventional pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) process, the production rate of the salinity gradient energy could be significantly increased by manipulating the hydraulic pressures on both sides of the membrane. [1] An engineering-scale seawater reverse osmosis-pressure retarded osmosis (SWRO-PRO) system was designed and deployed to evaluate the energy recovery during seawater desalination through salinity gradient energy. [2] Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is a re-emerging membrane-based technology to harvest salinity gradient energy (SGE). [3] A membrane-based technique for production of pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is salinity gradient energy. [4] The water recovery techniques employ mainly membrane/thermal integrated hybrid processes, while the energy recovery techniques such as pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) and reverse electrodialysis (RED) utilize the salinity gradient energy (SGE) to generate energy. [5] Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is a promising technology for salinity gradient energy utilization. [6] Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) and reverse electrodialysis (RED) have been studied recently for their potential in salinity gradient energy generation, the Gibbs energy harvestable when solutions of different concentrations are mixed. [7]当在传统的压力延迟渗透 (PRO) 工艺中在膜的进料侧增加液压时，通过控制膜两侧的液压可以显着提高盐度梯度能量的产生速率。 [1] 设计并部署了一个工程规模的海水反渗透-压力延迟渗透 (SWRO-PRO) 系统，用于评估通过盐度梯度能量进行海水淡化过程中的能量回收。 [2] nan [3] nan [4] nan [5] nan [6] nan [7]
thin film composite
In this work, we use a modified thin film composite RO membrane to examine the impacts of selectivity and compaction on the performance of pressure retarded osmosis. [1] Polydopamine (PDA), formed from self-polymerization of dopamine, was coated on aliphatic polyketone membrane substrate prior to interfacial polymerization (IP), preparing a pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) thin film composite (TFC) membrane with a PDA interlayer. [2] A high-performance and durable thin-film composite (TFC) pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) membrane was fabricated using a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-coated polyethylene (PAPE) support via toluene-assisted interfacial polymerization (TIP). [3] During pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) operation, thin film composite (TFC) membranes are continuously exposed to chemicals present in the stream that can deteriorate the membrane's selective layer with exposure time. [4] Utilization of wastewater or wastewater concentrate as the feed solution in pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) via thin film composite (TFC) membranes causes rapid and significant fouling within the porous substrate and onto the polyamide selective layer facing the substrate. [5]在这项工作中，我们使用改进的薄膜复合 RO 膜来检查选择性和压实对压力延迟渗透性能的影响。 [1] 由多巴胺自聚合形成的聚多巴胺（PDA）在界面聚合（IP）之前涂覆在脂肪族聚酮膜基材上，制备了具有PDA夹层的压力延迟渗透（PRO）薄膜复合（TFC）膜。 [2] nan [3] nan [4] nan [5]
direct feed flow
This research provides an analysis of energy efficiency and cost evaluation for three types of two-staged reverse osmosis (RO) and hollow fibre pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) hybrid process; one without direct feed flow (Hybrid A), one with direct feed flow (Hybrid B) and one with direct feed flow and a turbine (Hybrid C). [1]本研究提供了三种两级反渗透（RO）和中空纤维压力延迟渗透（PRO）混合工艺的能源效率和成本评估分析；一种没有直接进料流（Hybrid A），一种具有直接进料流（Hybrid B），另一种具有直接进料流和涡轮机（Hybrid C）。 [1]
Pressure Retarded Osmosis
In this work, we use a modified thin film composite RO membrane to examine the impacts of selectivity and compaction on the performance of pressure retarded osmosis. [1] To increase the efficiency of a closed-loop hybrid system consisting of membrane distillation (MD) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) processes, thermally rearranged nanofibrous membranes (TR-NFMs) via electrospinning were proposed in this study. [2] Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is one such potential renewable energy technology. [3] The pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) process requires high performance, high flux, high rejection, and resistant membranes under harsh conditions. [4] When hydraulic pressure was added on the feed side of the membrane in the otherwise conventional pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) process, the production rate of the salinity gradient energy could be significantly increased by manipulating the hydraulic pressures on both sides of the membrane. [5] To properly deal with any environmental issues related to brine disposal, different methods are implemented so that, in the end, higher water recovery is achievable from the desalination processes, namely brine minimization and rejection technologies (pressure retarded osmosis, microbial desalination cell technology), membrane-based technologies (vibratory shear enhanced processing, forward osmosis, electrodialysis, electrodialysis reverse, and electrodialysis metathesis, pervaporation method, thermal-based technologies (wind-aided intensified evaporation, brine concentrators, ohmic evaporator, membrane distillation, multi-stage flash distillation. [6] Our research is on focused on pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) because it is the most prominent way of generating osmotic energy. [7] FO performance of the prepared TFC membranes was evaluated in both FO and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) modes using deionized (DI) water as feed solution (FS) and 1 M NaCl solution as draw solution (DS). [8] This research provides an analysis of energy efficiency and cost evaluation for three types of two-staged reverse osmosis (RO) and hollow fibre pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) hybrid process; one without direct feed flow (Hybrid A), one with direct feed flow (Hybrid B) and one with direct feed flow and a turbine (Hybrid C). [9] An engineering-scale seawater reverse osmosis-pressure retarded osmosis (SWRO-PRO) system was designed and deployed to evaluate the energy recovery during seawater desalination through salinity gradient energy. [10] Polydopamine (PDA), formed from self-polymerization of dopamine, was coated on aliphatic polyketone membrane substrate prior to interfacial polymerization (IP), preparing a pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) thin film composite (TFC) membrane with a PDA interlayer. [11] Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is a re-emerging membrane-based technology to harvest salinity gradient energy (SGE). [12] The aim of this work is to fabricate tubular nanocellulose-based nanofiber pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) by electrospinning. [13] Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO), known as “Blue Energy”, is a membrane-based process that generates power from salinity gradients. [14] This study evaluates the feasibility of a power generation system adopting pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) using seawater and fresh water. [15] There are two methods for harvesting SGP, including reverse electrodialysis (RED) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO). [16] Forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) are the two operational modes for osmotically driven membrane processes (ODMPs). [17] The theoretical support was taken from a literature review and analysis of the components involved in the pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) and reverse electrodialysis (RED) technologies. [18] The aforestated energy harnessing for transformation into power could be achieved through the pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) process. [19] The water recovery techniques employ mainly membrane/thermal integrated hybrid processes, while the energy recovery techniques such as pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) and reverse electrodialysis (RED) utilize the salinity gradient energy (SGE) to generate energy. [20] Recently the concept of fertilizer-driven pressure retarded osmosis (or “Green PRO”) was introduced to the literature and experimentally validated. [21] Reverse electrodialysis (RED) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) are two membrane-based technologies for SGP harvesting. [22] A high-performance and durable thin-film composite (TFC) pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) membrane was fabricated using a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-coated polyethylene (PAPE) support via toluene-assisted interfacial polymerization (TIP). [23] During pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) operation, thin film composite (TFC) membranes are continuously exposed to chemicals present in the stream that can deteriorate the membrane's selective layer with exposure time. [24] A technology with similar components to reverse osmosis is pressure retarded osmosis (PRO), which produces energy from differences in salt concentration (blue energy). [25] One of its potentially useful technological applications is the Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) employed for energy harvesting from salinity variations1. [26] It also discusses both thermal and membrane technologies for recovering freshwater, energy, and minerals from waste brine, in addition to the recent advances in a solar pond, membrane distillation, pressure retarded osmosis, etc. [27] There are two technologies to capture energy from salinity differences, namely PRO (Pressure Retarded Osmosis) and RED (Reverse Electrodialysis). [28] This paper investigates the energy management of a hybrid grid-connected reverse osmosis (RO) desalination process consisting of photovoltaic (PV), pressure retarded osmosis (PRO), and energy storage system. [29] Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) harvests the chemical potential difference between water sources of two different salinities and has been widely researched as a source of low carbon energy. [30] To recovery low temperature waste heat, a methanol-based adsorption-driven osmotic heat engine is investigated, which consists of an adsorption-based desalination system for producing concentrated and diluted solutions, and a pressure retarded osmosis system for extracting power from the Gibbs free energy of mixing. [31] It recovers this energy in a controlled membrane based mixing process called Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO). [32] A full-scale Pressure Retarded Osmosis process (PRO) is optimized in non-ideal operating conditions using Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithms. [33] Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is a promising technology for salinity gradient energy utilization. [34] The knowledge of the individual interface concentration of every single transport layer enables the user to do more deep, more precise study of the mass transfer process during pressure retarded osmosis. [35] To reduce the energy consumption of RO, pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) has been developed to extract osmotic energy from RO brine. [36] Three energy storage systems based on mixing and desalination of solutions with different salt concentrations are presented, namely, reverse electrodialysis, pressure retarded osmosis and capacitive Donnan potential, coupled to their corresponding desalination technologies: electrodialysis, reverse osmosis and membrane capacitive deionisation. [37] Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) has been widely investigated to harness the osmotic energy from salinity gradient. [38] Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is considered as one of the promising and new techniques to generate power. [39] The system units are concentrated photovoltaics/thermal (CPVT), wind turbines, thermal energy storage (TES), hydrogen electrolyzer, hydrogen fuel cell, multistage flash (MSF) distillation, vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) cycle, and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO). [40] In addition, osmotic engines can pumped out the brackish streams by buoyancy without the add of pressure exchangers (PEXs) as is required in current pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) technology and then simplifying significatively the overall process. [41] Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) and reverse electrodialysis (RED) have been studied recently for their potential in salinity gradient energy generation, the Gibbs energy harvestable when solutions of different concentrations are mixed. [42] Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) process is hindered by severe fouling occurring within the porous support of the forward osmosis (FO) membranes. [43] The performance of Dual Stage Pressure Retarded Osmosis (DSPRO) was analyzed using a developed computer model. [44] Utilization of wastewater or wastewater concentrate as the feed solution in pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) via thin film composite (TFC) membranes causes rapid and significant fouling within the porous substrate and onto the polyamide selective layer facing the substrate. [45] We apply this model to quantify the error introduced by these simplifications for case studies of reverse osmosis, osmotically assisted reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, and pressure retarded osmosis. [46] Membrane fouling and membrane deterioration are two major concerns since they greatly worsen membrane performance in pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) and shorten the membrane lifetime. [47] Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is a process that can effectively convert the osmotic pressure of a saline solution to hydraulic pressure by utilizing the Gibbs’ free energy of mixing. [48] FO used in pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) mode achieved the highest flux at a flow rate of 1. [49] Among renewable energy sources, pressure retarded Osmosis (PRO) has been scrutinized by scientists since the mid-70’s. [50]在这项工作中，我们使用改进的薄膜复合 RO 膜来检查选择性和压实对压力延迟渗透性能的影响。 [1] 为了提高由膜蒸馏 (MD) 和压力延迟渗透 (PRO) 工艺组成的闭环混合系统的效率，本研究提出了通过静电纺丝的热重排纳米纤维膜 (TR-NFM)。 [2] nan [3] nan [4] 当在传统的压力延迟渗透 (PRO) 工艺中在膜的进料侧增加液压时，通过控制膜两侧的液压可以显着提高盐度梯度能量的产生速率。 [5] nan [6] nan [7] nan [8] 本研究提供了三种两级反渗透（RO）和中空纤维压力延迟渗透（PRO）混合工艺的能源效率和成本评估分析；一种没有直接进料流（Hybrid A），一种具有直接进料流（Hybrid B），另一种具有直接进料流和涡轮机（Hybrid C）。 [9] 设计并部署了一个工程规模的海水反渗透-压力延迟渗透 (SWRO-PRO) 系统，用于评估通过盐度梯度能量进行海水淡化过程中的能量回收。 [10] 由多巴胺自聚合形成的聚多巴胺（PDA）在界面聚合（IP）之前涂覆在脂肪族聚酮膜基材上，制备了具有PDA夹层的压力延迟渗透（PRO）薄膜复合（TFC）膜。 [11] nan [12] nan [13] nan [14] nan [15] nan [16] nan [17] nan [18] nan [19] nan [20] nan [21] nan [22] nan [23] nan [24] nan [25] nan [26] nan [27] nan [28] nan [29] nan [30] nan [31] nan [32] nan [33] nan [34] nan [35] nan [36] nan [37] nan [38] nan [39] nan [40] nan [41] nan [42] nan [43] nan [44] nan [45] nan [46] nan [47] nan [48] nan [49] nan [50]