Repeated Scans(重复扫描)研究综述
Repeated Scans 重复扫描 - Furthermore, for infratentorial lesions the CNN was more robust against repeated scans than experienced raters. [1] Repeated scans of the same rat with the two or three [18F]-labeled radiotracers were investigated. [2] Precision was tested through the measurements of repeated scans. [3] Repeated scans were used to estimate ADC repeatability. [4] The head specimens were fixed and scanned by Micro-CT, and repeated scans were performed after staining with 3. [5] Resonant scanners fix imaging frequency, whereas galvanometer scanner (GS) systems require either raster scanning with large flyback that reduce usable data, or bi-directional scans that require many repeated scans. [6] Postmortem computed tomography with 5-time image summation of repeated scans (fused PMCT) was performed on a 2-year-old boy with acute tonsillitis. [7] In this study, we examined intra-network homogeneity (NeHo) in 5 functional networks in 15 presymptomatic C9+ carriers over an 18-month period and compared to repeated scans in 34 healthy controls and 27 symptomatic C9+ carriers. [8] , at a much lower radiopharmaceutical dose than usual, which will enable more PET scans in the children population, as well as more repeated scans in the adult population) [1]. [9] This feature allows for repeated scans of tissue oxygen along a line without translating the needle with respect to the tissue, thus avoiding tissue damage associated with needle motion. [10] The results of the study showed that the composition and structure of the coating can be controlled by controlling the thickness of the precursor coating, the scanning speed, the scanning hatch, and the number of repeated scans. [11] The drift in x, y and z axes can be determined using the crossing points and repeated scans of the same features. [12] The brain age estimate was reliable in repeated scans (intra class correlation = 0. [13] The was no relationship between change in uptake on the repeated scans and the time between the scans. [14] Compared to the conventional method, involving superimposition of the two datasets scanned before and after the wear test, this method can reduce labor and accuracy errors caused by repeated scans and superimposition procedures. [15] The highest number of repeated scans is five times with cumulative dose was recorded as 278. [16] This approach uses a variable flip angle turbo spin echo sequence to repeatedly acquire a whole brain T2w image volume with high resolution in three dimensions in a relatively short amount of time, and then co-register the volumes to correct for movement and average the repeated scans to improve SNR. [17] The estimated weights are compared against (clinically unpractical) sample weights obtained from repeated scans. [18] In this work, we characterize the GWC developmental trajectories in a representative sample (n = 394) of children and adolescents (~4 to ~22 years of age), with repeated scans (1–3 scans per subject, total scans n = 819). [19] Precision was tested through the superimposition of repeated scans on the palate and the dental arch. [20] It is necessary to reduce the dose of CTP for routine applications due to the high radiation exposure from the repeated scans, where image denoising is necessary to achieve a reliable diagnosis. [21] , use 40-fold reduction of radioactivity dose which will enable PET scans in the young population, as well as more repeated scans in the adult population) [1]. [22] Repeated scans of a clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, capitate, metacarpal one, os coxa, femur, patella, tibia, talus, calcaneus, metatarsal one and a gauge block were acquired for this study. [23] However, the nanowires were much more stable with repeated scans. [24] We compared our body segment parameter estimates to those obtained using two comparison methods and found that our system was consistent in estimating total body volume between repeated scans (male p=0. [25] X-ray microtomography has been used to track the defect population with repeated scans before and after ultrasonic shot peening as well as after fatigue tests conducted to failure. [26] Second, as an application to osteology we examined intra-observer scanning protocol variability, using the coefficient of variation (CV) to quantify surface area and volume variance between repeated scans of eight porcine capital femoral epiphyses with undulating mammillary processes on one surface with amplitudes covering the range of the test block bas-relief offset values. [27] Popular methods used to evaluate precision tend to rely on mean distance deviation between repeated scans. [28] Reproducibility of the motion/deformation was evaluated by comparing the baseline displacement vector fields (DVFs) derived from deformable image registration (DIR) between the compressed and decompressed phantom CT images with those of repeated scans and calculating the difference in the displacement vectors. [29] Reproducibility of the in vivo measurement was investigated by repeated scans of 10 patients with distal radius fractures who had undergone surgery with a volar locking plate. [30] Single bead and multiple laser pass experiments were performed to compare to the modeling results and determine additional transient effects resulting from repeated scans. [31] Results of extracted metastates showed repeatable dynamic features between repeated scans and high overlapping rate of hub regions with brain intrinsic sub-networks. [32] Studies have used different variables to measure the effect SUV has on the detection of fetal anomalies in obese women such as prenatal/neonatal comparisons, scan completion rates, the number of repeated scans and subjective judgements about diagnostic image quality. [33] Our simulation and case studies show that the proposed method outperforms conventional approaches for characterizing the dynamic functional imaging data, with the maximum benefit achieved in the presence of a small number of repeated scans. [34] ConclusionOur study has shown that intra-individual 23Na-concentrations in healthy subjects do not significantly differ after repeated scans on the same day and a pre-set time interval. [35] Within the cohort of 31 subjects scanned to date, several had repeated scans. [36] This result indicated that the precision of the dose measurement has about a 3% error due to the repeated scans. [37] Twenty-two healthy subjects underwent phase contrast MRI, a subset of subjects (N = 9) had repeated scans. [38] All scans are completed by the repeated scans of the two Australian white sands through all scan batches to harmonize the spectral measurements. [39] Repeated scans were ordered to be taken in 6 weeks to assess growth kinetics, wherein an increase in the size of a number of nodules was detected. [40] MethodsPhase-contrast CMR was acquired in the fetal descending aorta (DAo) and umbilical vein by DUS gating and MOG in 22 women with singleton pregnancy in gestational week 360 (265–400) with repeated scans in six fetuses. [41] However, the validation of WBMRI is limited; no studies have evaluated the agreement between repeated scans (interscan agreement) and only few studies have evaluated the intra- and interreader agreement. [42] For all repeated scans and subjects a total of 660 muscles of the thighs were segmented with regions of interest (ROI) by two different raters. [43] In clinical practice, this method would allow shorter examination times by avoiding tedious adaptation of VENC values by repeated scans. [44] However, 3D conventional medical imaging like CT scan have serious limitations in application such as exposing the patient to ionizing radiation due to repeated scans, highly cost imaging process, failure to provide color texture information, and also lacking to apply the process in standing position. [45]此外，对于幕下病变，CNN 比有经验的评估者更能抵抗重复扫描。 [1] 研究了用两种或三种 [18F] 标记的放射性示踪剂对同一只大鼠进行的重复扫描。 [2] 通过重复扫描的测量来测试精度。 [3] 重复扫描用于估计 ADC 可重复性。 [4] 头部标本经Micro-CT固定扫描，3染色后重复扫描。 [5] 共振扫描仪固定成像频率，而振镜扫描仪 (GS) 系统需要使用大回扫的光栅扫描以减少可用数据，或者需要多次重复扫描的双向扫描。 [6] 对一名患有急性扁桃体炎的 2 岁男孩进行死后计算机断层扫描和 5 次重复扫描图像总和（融合 PMCT）。 [7] 在这项研究中，我们在 18 个月期间检查了 15 名症状前 C9+ 携带者的 5 个功能网络中的网络内同质性 (NeHo)，并与 34 名健康对照和 27 名有症状 C9+ 携带者的重复扫描进行了比较。 [8] ，在比平时低得多的放射性药物剂量下，这将使儿童群体能够进行更多的 PET 扫描，以及在成人群体中进行更多的重复扫描）[1]。 [9] 该特征允许沿着一条线重复扫描组织氧，而无需将针头相对于组织平移，从而避免与针头运动相关的组织损伤。 [10] 研究结果表明，可以通过控制前驱体涂层的厚度、扫描速度、扫描阴影和重复扫描的次数来控制涂层的成分和结构。 [11] 可以使用交叉点和重复扫描相同的特征来确定 x、y 和 z 轴上的漂移。 [12] 大脑年龄估计在重复扫描中是可靠的（类内相关 = 0. [13] 重复扫描的摄取变化与扫描之间的时间之间没有关系。 [14] 与传统方法相比，将磨损测试前后扫描的两个数据集进行叠加，该方法可以减少重复扫描和叠加程序造成的人工和精度误差。 [15] 最高重复扫描次数为 5 次，累积剂量为 278 次。 [16] 该方法使用可变翻转角涡轮自旋回波序列在相对较短的时间内重复获取具有高分辨率的全脑 T2w 图像体积，然后在相对较短的时间内对这些体积进行校正以校正运动并平均重复扫描提高信噪比。 [17] 将估计的重量与从重复扫描中获得的（临床上不实用的）样本重量进行比较。 [18] 在这项工作中，我们在儿童和青少年（约 4 至约 22 岁）的代表性样本（n = 394）中描述 GWC 发育轨迹，重复扫描（每个受试者 1-3 次扫描，总扫描 n = 819 ）。 [19] 通过对上颚和牙弓的重复扫描叠加来测试精度。 [20] 由于重复扫描的高辐射暴露，因此有必要减少常规应用的 CTP 剂量，其中图像去噪对于实现可靠诊断是必要的。 [21] ，使用放射性剂量减少 40 倍，这将使年轻人群中的 PET 扫描成为可能，以及在成年人群中进行更多的重复扫描）[1]。 [22] 本研究获得了锁骨、肱骨、桡骨、尺骨、头状骨、第一掌骨、髋骨、股骨、髌骨、胫骨、距骨、跟骨、第一跖骨和量块的重复扫描。 [23] 然而，通过重复扫描，纳米线更加稳定。 [24] 我们将我们的身体部分参数估计值与使用两种比较方法获得的值进行了比较，发现我们的系统在估计重复扫描之间的总体体积方面是一致的（男性 p = 0. [25] X 射线显微断层扫描已被用于跟踪缺陷群体，并在超声喷丸强化前后以及疲劳试验后进行重复扫描直至失效。 [26] 其次，作为对骨科的应用，我们检查了观察者内扫描协议的变异性，使用变异系数 (CV) 来量化重复扫描八只猪股骨骨骺之间的表面积和体积差异，在一个表面上具有起伏的乳头状突起，幅度覆盖试块浅浮雕偏移值的范围。 [27] 用于评估精度的流行方法往往依赖于重复扫描之间的平均距离偏差。 [28] 通过将压缩和解压缩的幻象 CT 图像之间的可变形图像配准 (DIR) 导出的基线位移矢量场 (DVF) 与重复扫描的位移矢量场 (DVF) 进行比较，并计算位移矢量的差异来评估运动/变形的再现性。 [29] 通过重复扫描 10 名接受过掌侧锁定钢板手术的桡骨远端骨折患者，研究了体内测量的可重复性。 [30] 进行了单珠和多激光通过实验，以与建模结果进行比较，并确定重复扫描产生的额外瞬态效应。 [31] 提取的转移状态的结果显示重复扫描之间的可重复动态特征以及与大脑内在子网络的中心区域的高重叠率。 [32] 研究使用不同的变量来衡量 SUV 对肥胖女性胎儿异常检测的影响，例如产前/新生儿比较、扫描完成率、重复扫描次数和对诊断图像质量的主观判断。 [33] 我们的模拟和案例研究表明，所提出的方法优于表征动态功能成像数据的传统方法，在存在少量重复扫描的情况下实现了最大收益。 [34] 结论我们的研究表明，在同一天和预设时间间隔重复扫描后，健康受试者的个体内 23Na 浓度没有显着差异。 [35] 在迄今为止扫描的 31 名受试者的队列中，有几个人进行了重复扫描。 [36] 该结果表明，由于重复扫描，剂量测量的精度存在约 3% 的误差。 [37] 22 名健康受试者接受了相位对比 MRI，一部分受试者（N = 9）进行了重复扫描。 [38] 所有扫描都是通过所有扫描批次对两个澳大利亚白沙的重复扫描来完成的，以协调光谱测量。 [39] 要求在 6 周内进行重复扫描以评估生长动力学，其中检测到许多结节大小的增加。 [40] 方法通过 DUS 门控和 MOG 在妊娠第 360 周 (265-400) 的 22 名单胎妊娠妇女中获得胎儿降主动脉 (DAo) 和脐静脉的相位对比 CMR，并对 6 个胎儿进行重复扫描。 [41] 然而，WBMRI 的验证是有限的；没有研究评估重复扫描之间的一致性（扫描间一致性），只有少数研究评估了读者内和读者间的一致性。 [42] 对于所有重复扫描和受试者，共有 660 块大腿肌肉被两个不同的评估者用感兴趣区域 (ROI) 分割。 [43] 在临床实践中，这种方法通过避免重复扫描对 VENC 值的繁琐调整，可以缩短检查时间。 [44] 然而，像CT扫描这样的3D常规医学成像在应用中存在严重的局限性，例如由于重复扫描而使患者暴露于电离辐射，成像过程成本高，无法提供颜色纹理信息，以及缺乏在站立位置应用的过程。 [45]
Two Repeated Scans 两次重复扫描
The repeatability of the proposed protocol was estimated by two repeated scans with a three‐month gap for the last two subjects. [1] Two repeated scans were performed in four different settings: H1: Horizontal scan with 512 A-scans x 96 B-scans; H2: Horizontal scan with 512 A-scans x 128 B-scans; V1: Vertical scan with 512 A-scans x 96 B-scans; V2: Vertical scan with 512 A-scans x 128 B-scans. [2] The optimized pCASL sequences with three B 1 + shimming modes (indv-shim, univ-shim, and CP-shim) were evaluated in 6 subjects who underwent two repeated scans 24 hours apart, along with a pulsed ASL sequence. [3] To obtain the full body contour an enhanced imaging protocol including two repeated scans after bilateral table movement was introduced. [4]拟议方案的可重复性是通过对最后两个受试者间隔三个月的两次重复扫描来估计的。 [1] 在四种不同的设置下进行了两次重复扫描： H1：水平扫描，512 A 扫描 x 96 B 扫描； H2：水平扫描，512 A 扫描 x 128 B 扫描； V1：垂直扫描，512 次 A 扫描 x 96 次 B 扫描； V2：垂直扫描，512 次 A 扫描 x 128 次 B 扫描。 [2] 在 6 名受试者中评估了具有三种 B 1 + 匀场模式（indv-shim、univ-shim 和 CP-shim）的优化 pCASL 序列，这些受试者间隔 24 小时接受两次重复扫描，以及脉冲 ASL 序列。 [3] 为了获得全身轮廓，引入了包括双侧工作台移动后两次重复扫描的增强成像协议。 [4]
Three Repeated Scans 三次重复扫描
Three repeated scans were performed on 2 separate days in cohort 1. [1] The coefficient of variation of T1 and T2 estimates over three repeated scans was < 5% over a broad range of relaxation times. [2] Three repeated scans were acquired on 3 iVue SD-OCTs with device-designated operators from consented subjects. [3]在队列 1 中的 2 天进行了 3 次重复扫描。 [1] 在很宽的弛豫时间范围内，三次重复扫描的 T1 和 T2 估计值的变异系数 < 5%。 [2] 在 3 个 iVue SD-OCT 上获得了 3 次重复扫描，其中设备指定的操作员来自同意的受试者。 [3]
Acros Repeated Scans
37 on average) was found to be comparable to that of resting-state FC across repeated scans. [1] By incorporating subject‐specific random effects and visit‐specific covariate effects, L‐ICA is able to provide more accurate estimates of changes in brain functional networks on both the population‐ and individual‐level, borrow information across repeated scans within the same subject to increase statistical power in detecting covariate effects on the networks, and allow for model‐based prediction for brain networks changes caused by disease progression, treatment or neurodevelopment. [2]平均 37) 被发现与重复扫描的静息状态 FC 相当。 [1] 通过结合特定于受试者的随机效应和特定于访问的协变量效应，L-ICA 能够在人群和个体水平上对大脑功能网络的变化提供更准确的估计，在同一受试者内的重复扫描中借用信息提高检测网络协变量效应的统计能力，并允许基于模型预测由疾病进展、治疗或神经发育引起的大脑网络变化。 [2]
repeated scans within
Repeatability was quantified by correlating radiomic features between twenty CBCT scans that also had repeated scans within 15 minutes. [1] By incorporating subject‐specific random effects and visit‐specific covariate effects, L‐ICA is able to provide more accurate estimates of changes in brain functional networks on both the population‐ and individual‐level, borrow information across repeated scans within the same subject to increase statistical power in detecting covariate effects on the networks, and allow for model‐based prediction for brain networks changes caused by disease progression, treatment or neurodevelopment. [2] , transverse), and (4) a scanning sequence such that repeated scans within operators were measured one after another. [3]通过关联 20 次 CBCT 扫描之间的放射组学特征来量化可重复性，这些 CBCT 扫描也在 15 分钟内进行了重复扫描。 [1] 通过结合特定于受试者的随机效应和特定于访问的协变量效应，L-ICA 能够在人群和个体水平上对大脑功能网络的变化提供更准确的估计，在同一受试者内的重复扫描中借用信息提高检测网络协变量效应的统计能力，并允许基于模型预测由疾病进展、治疗或神经发育引起的大脑网络变化。 [2] ，横向）和（4）扫描顺序，以便在操作员内的重复扫描一个接一个地测量。 [3]