Reconstitution Inflammatory(重建炎症)研究综述
Reconstitution Inflammatory 重建炎症 - Reversal of Th2 to Th1 response following resolution of immunosuppression during the postpartum period can lead to overt clinical manifestations of a previously silent infection, resembling an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. [1] Following the commencement of both anti-TB and antiretroviral therapy, she suffered a lapse of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome but with aggressive medical management eventually made a full recovery without the need for surgical intervention. [2] Cryptococcal meningitis (CM)‐associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is associated with high mortality, the epidemiology and pathophysiology of which is poorly understood, especially in non‐HIV populations. [3] Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) presents as an exaggerated immune reaction that occurs during dysregulated immune restoration in immunocompromised patients in late-stage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who have commenced antiretroviral treatments (ART). [4] Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) has been mostly reported in immunocompromised patients, especially HIV after starting therapy. [5] Mycobacterium avium complex immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome A 28-year-old woman developed Mycobacterium avium complex immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome while receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine and raltegravir for HIV infection. [6] Both conditions were associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome caused by recovery from leukopenia. [7] This phenomenon is termed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). [8] Primary toxoplasmosis, Epstein-Barr virus reactivation and central nervous system immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: case report A 26-year-old man developed primary toxoplasmosis and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation during treatment with mycophenolate mofetil, prednisolone and tacrolimus. [9] Kaposi sarcoma immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome may play a role in the rapid progression of clinically insignificant to significant liver disease. [10] Paradoxical worsening of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy manifesting as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: case report A 48-year-old man experienced paradoxical worsening of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) manifesting as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) during antiretroviral therapy (ART) with cobicistat/darunavir/emtricitabine/ tenofovir-alafenamide and dolutegravir for BK polyomavirus associated PML. [11] In addition, we analyzed the incidences of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) and grade 3 or 4 laboratory and clinical adverse events within 24 weeks as safety outcomes. [12] We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and the response to radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome‐associated Graves disease (IRIS‐GD) in comparison to Graves disease (GD) seen in HIV‐uninfected patients. [13] , immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome) remains significant. [14] The patients medical history included HIV/AIDS, giant cell arteritis, hypertrophic pachymeningitis, rheumatoid arthritis, nephrotic syndrome, dermatomyositis, multiple myeloma, furosemide-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, ulcerative colitis, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or malignant lymphoma. [15] Persistent immunosuppression or protracted immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome can lead to complicated clinical courses. [16] To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an AEV deterioration with a clinical and temporal pattern mimicking an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) following anti-HPV vaccination, instead of low CD4 count restoration. [17] In rare cases, immunodeficient individuals may experience a paradoxical worsening or unmasking of OI symptoms, known as the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). [18] Toxicity, and the radiological emergence of a cryptococcoma in the setting of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, prompted a therapeutic switch to isavuconazole. [19] Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome type-I like syndrome A 55-year-old man developed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome type-I like syndrome while receiving amphotericin B and flucytosine for Cryptococcus neoformans infection. [20] Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a major concern when starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients with advanced HIV infection. [21] Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in association with cryptococcosis occurs as a result of an exuberant inflammatory response. [22] We will compare the mortality and incident rates of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome between the two arms. [23] Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB-IRIS) was presumed, and treatment with high-dose steroids was started. [24] Immune-mediated skin disease (IMSD) in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) may manifest during acute infection, AIDS, or as part of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. [25] Antiretroviral therapy (ART) should not be initiated in the ED for those found or known to be HIV-positive for risk of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). [26] In these patients, a clinical deterioration occurs despite increased CD4 counts and decreased plasma HIV viral load; this phenomenon has been described as Immune Restoration Disease (IRD) or the Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS). [27] However, coinfection still poses dilemmas in leprosy as to the occurrence of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome manifesting as clinical leprosy and reversal reactions, higher chances of relapse after the successful completion of the multidrug therapy (MDT) and drug interactions between MDT and antiretroviral therapy. [28] 2% mostly due to disseminated TB or fungal infection, PCP, sepsis, cryptococcal meningitis, and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. [29] The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (2011) 56(5) 476-9, Indian J Dermatology. [30] It has been reported that hepatic flare (HF), attributable to the development of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfected patients, occurs frequently after the start of anti-retroviral therapy (ART). [31] Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) may occur. [32] Background: Multiple perforations in the small bowel as cytomegalovirus (CMV) related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient is very rare. [33] Pancytopenia and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: case report A 68-year-old woman developed pancytopenia and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) during treatment with methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis [route not stated; duration of treatments to reactions onsets not stated]. [34] Importantly, restoration of immune function in PLWH with opportunistic infections occasionally leads to an intense and uncontrolled cytokine storm following ART initiation known as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). [35] After 4 months of anti-tuberculosis treatment, she developed new right temporal hemianopia and new cerebral tuberculoma, which was identified on repeated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and was attributed to tuberculosis-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. [36] The treatment of BCG vaccine-related complications included a combination of several antimycobacterial agents, and anti-inflammatory drugs (such as glucocorticoids, interleukin-1 and 6 receptor antagonists) in cases of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (n= 18). [37] From the point of view of immune cells, the mechanism of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome is confirmed. [38] The patient decompensated following initiation of ART, suggestive of possible immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). [39] Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), presenting as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), is a known complication of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV (PLWH). [40] Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in AIDS patients can lead to an initial worsening of underlying diseases due to body's ability to mount a strong immune response after recovery of CD4 counts. [41] Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is an enhanced inflammatory immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens due to immune system recovery in HIV-infected patients within 6 months of antiretroviral therapy (ART). [42] Diffuse toxoplasma encephalitis due to worsening of subclinical toxoplasmosis secondary to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and reduced renal function: case report A 62-year-woman developed diffuse toxoplasma encephalitis due to worsening of subclinical toxoplasmosis secondary to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) during treatment with emtricitabine/tenofovir-alafenamide, darunavir and ritonavir for HIV-1. [43] Treatment with ceftriaxone resulted in clinical deterioration with fever, arthritis and recurrent pleuritis consistent with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. [44] Background: In addition to developed in HIV patient during highly active antiretroviral therapy, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) has also been well recognized in non-HIV immunocompromised patients induced by latent viruses, untreated microorganisms, or treating microorganisms. [45] Moreover, after the NF had been treated, the patient developed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). [46] Immune dysregulation underlies the majority of these neurologic phenomena, as well as other HIV-associated conditions including immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), CD8 lymphocytosis, and potentially the development of compartmentalized infection within the CSF, also referred to as CSF escape. [47] We report a case of FBA secondary to CMV infection-associated unmasking immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). [48] Nevertheless, with the robust quantitative and qualitative restoration of CD4+ T-lymphocytes, a fraction of patients co-infected with tuberculosis develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS), a dysregulated inflammatory response that can be associated with significant tissue damage. [49] CDC commonly appears in the neutrophil recovery phase after chemotherapy in patients with hematologic malignancies, and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is thought to play a major role in CDC development. [50]产后免疫抑制消退后 Th2 对 Th1 反应的逆转可导致先前无症状感染的明显临床表现，类似于免疫重建炎症综合征。 [1] 在开始抗结核病和抗逆转录病毒治疗后，她出现了免疫重建炎症综合征，但通过积极的医疗管理最终完全康复，无需手术干预。 [2] 隐球菌性脑膜炎 (CM) 相关的免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS) 与高死亡率相关，其流行病学和病理生理学知之甚少，尤其是在非 HIV 人群中。 [3] 免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS) 表现为一种夸大的免疫反应，发生在已开始抗逆转录病毒治疗 (ART) 的晚期人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 感染的免疫功能低下患者的免疫恢复失调期间。 [4] 免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS) 主要见于免疫功能低下的患者，尤其是开始治疗后的 HIV。 [5] 鸟分枝杆菌复合体免疫重建炎症综合征 一名 28 岁女性在接受富马酸替诺福韦酯、拉米夫定和拉替拉韦治疗 HIV 感染时出现鸟分枝杆菌复合体免疫重建炎症综合征。 [6] 这两种情况都与白细胞减少症恢复引起的免疫重建炎症综合征有关。 [7] 这种现象被称为免疫重建炎症综合征（IRIS）。 [8] 原发性弓形虫病、Epstein-Barr 病毒再激活和中枢神经系统免疫重建炎症综合征：病例报告 一名 26 岁男子在用霉酚酸酯、泼尼松龙和他克莫司治疗期间出现原发性弓形虫病和 Epstein-Barr 病毒 (EBV) 再激活。 [9] 卡波西肉瘤免疫重建炎症综合征可能在临床上无意义到重大肝脏疾病的快速进展中发挥作用。 [10] 表现为免疫重建炎症综合征的进行性多灶性白质脑病的矛盾恶化：病例报告 一名 48 岁男性在使用考比司他/抗逆转录病毒治疗 (ART) 期间经历了表现为免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS) 的进行性多灶性白质脑病 (PML) 的矛盾恶化。 darunavir/emtricitabine/tenofovir-alafenamide 和 dolutegravir 用于 BK 多瘤病毒相关 PML。 [11] 此外，我们分析了 24 周内免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS) 和 3 级或 4 级实验室和临床不良事件的发生率作为安全性结果。 [12] 我们旨在描述与未感染 HIV 患者的 Graves 病 (GD) 相比，免疫重建炎症综合征相关 Graves 病 (IRIS-GD) 的临床特征和对放射性碘 (RAI) 治疗的反应。 [13] ，免疫重建炎症综合征）仍然很重要。 [14] 患者病史包括HIV/AIDS、巨细胞动脉炎、肥厚性硬脑膜炎、类风湿性关节炎、肾病综合征、皮肌炎、多发性骨髓瘤、速尿过敏综合征、溃疡性结肠炎、免疫重建炎症综合征或恶性淋巴瘤。 [15] 持续性免疫抑制或长期免疫重建炎症综合征可导致复杂的临床过程。 [16] 据我们所知，这是 AEV 恶化的第一份报告，其临床和时间模式与抗 HPV 疫苗接种后的免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS) 相似，而不是低 CD4 计数恢复。 [17] 在极少数情况下，免疫缺陷个体可能会经历自相矛盾的 OI 症状恶化或暴露，称为免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS)。 [18] 在免疫重建炎症综合征的情况下，毒性和隐球菌的放射学出现促使治疗转向艾沙康唑。 [19] 免疫重建炎症综合征 I 型样综合征 一名 55 岁男性在接受两性霉素 B 和氟胞嘧啶治疗新型隐球菌感染时出现免疫重建炎症综合征 I 型样综合征。 [20] 在晚期 HIV 感染患者开始抗逆转录病毒治疗 (ART) 时，免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS) 是一个主要问题。 [21] 与隐球菌病相关的免疫重建炎症综合征是由旺盛的炎症反应引起的。 [22] 我们将比较两组之间免疫重建炎症综合征的死亡率和发生率。 [23] 推测结核分枝杆菌免疫重建炎症综合征（TB-IRIS），并开始使用大剂量类固醇治疗。 [24] 人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征 (HIV/AIDS) 中的免疫介导皮肤病 (IMSD) 可能在急性感染、艾滋病或作为免疫重建炎症综合征的一部分出现。 [25] 对于那些发现或已知 HIV 呈阳性且有免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS) 风险的患者，不应在 ED 开始抗逆转录病毒治疗 (ART)。 [26] 在这些患者中，尽管 CD4 计数增加和血浆 HIV 病毒载量减少，但临床症状恶化；这种现象被描述为免疫恢复疾病 (IRD) 或免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS)。 [27] 然而，共感染仍然给麻风病带来了困境，即免疫重建炎症综合征的发生表现为临床麻风和逆转反应，成功完成多药治疗（MDT）后复发的机会更高以及MDT与抗逆转录病毒治疗之间的药物相互作用。 [28] 2% 主要是由于播散性结核病或真菌感染、PCP、败血症、隐球菌性脑膜炎和免疫重建炎症综合征。 [29] 免疫重建炎症综合征 (2011) 56(5) 476-9，印度皮肤病学杂志。 [30] 据报道，在人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV)/乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 合并感染患者中，由于免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS) 的发展而导致的肝火红 (HF) 在开始抗逆转录病毒治疗后经常发生（艺术）。 [31] 可能会发生免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS)。 [32] 背景：在感染人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 的患者中，作为巨细胞病毒 (CMV) 相关免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS) 的小肠多处穿孔非常罕见。 [33] 全血细胞减少和免疫重建炎症综合征：病例报告 一名 68 岁的女性在使用甲氨蝶呤治疗类风湿性关节炎期间出现全血细胞减少和免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS) [途径未说明；未说明对反应发作的治疗持续时间]。 [34] 重要的是，机会性感染的 PLWH 中免疫功能的恢复偶尔会导致在 ART 开始后出现强烈且不受控制的细胞因子风暴，称为免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS)。 [35] 抗结核治疗 4 个月后，她出现新的右侧颞叶偏盲和新的脑结核瘤，经反复磁共振成像 (MRI) 发现，归因于结核-免疫重建炎症综合征。 [36] BCG 疫苗相关并发症的治疗包括在免疫重建炎症综合征（n = 18）的情况下联合使用几种抗分枝杆菌药物和抗炎药（如糖皮质激素、白细胞介素 1 和 6 受体拮抗剂）。 [37] 从免疫细胞的角度，证实了免疫重建炎症综合征的机制。 [38] 患者在开始 ART 后失代偿，提示可能存在免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS)。 [39] 进行性多灶性白质脑病 (PML) 表现为免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS)，是 HIV 感染者 (PLWH) 抗逆转录病毒治疗 (ART) 的已知并发症。 [40] 艾滋病患者的免疫重建炎症综合征可导致潜在疾病的初始恶化，这是因为身体在 CD4 计数恢复后能够产生强烈的免疫反应。 [41] 结核病相关免疫重建炎症综合征 (TB-IRIS) 是由于 HIV 感染患者在接受抗逆转录病毒治疗 (ART) 后 6 个月内免疫系统恢复，对结核分枝杆菌抗原的炎症免疫反应增强。 [42] 由免疫重建炎症综合征继发的亚临床弓形虫病恶化和肾功能下降导致的弥漫性弓形虫脑炎：病例报告 一名 62 岁的女性在接受免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS) 治疗期间由于亚临床弓形虫病恶化而发展为弥漫性弓形虫脑炎恩曲他滨/替诺福韦-艾拉酚胺、地瑞那韦和利托那韦治疗 HIV-1。 [43] 头孢曲松治疗导致临床恶化，伴有发热、关节炎和与免疫重建炎症综合征一致的复发性胸膜炎。 [44] 背景：除了在高活性抗逆转录病毒治疗期间在 HIV 患者中出现外，免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS) 在由潜伏病毒、未经治疗的微生物或治疗微生物诱导的非 HIV 免疫功能低下的患者中也得到了广泛认可。 [45] 此外，在治疗 NF 后，患者出现免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS)。 [46] 免疫失调是大多数这些神经系统现象以及其他 HIV 相关疾病的基础，包括免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS)、CD8 淋巴细胞增多症，以及可能在 CSF 内发展成区域性感染，也称为 CSF 逃逸。 [47] 我们报告了一例继发于 CMV 感染相关暴露免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS) 的 FBA。 [48] 然而，随着 CD4+ T 淋巴细胞的定量和定性恢复，一小部分合并感染结核病的患者会出现免疫重建炎症综合征 (TB-IRIS)，这是一种失调的炎症反应，可能与严重的组织损伤有关。 [49] CDC通常出现在血液系统恶性肿瘤患者化疗后的中性粒细胞恢复阶段，免疫重建炎症综合征（IRIS）被认为在CDC发展中起主要作用。 [50]
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Immune-mediated skin disease (IMSD) in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) may manifest during acute infection, AIDS, or as part of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. [1] Abbreviations: ABC: abacavir; AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; AFB: acid-fast bacilli; ART: antiretroviral therapy; CM: cryptococcal meningitis; CrAg: cryptococcal antigen; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; CT: computed tomography; EACS: European AIDS Clinical Society; FTC: emtricitabine; HIC: high-income countries; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; HIV-VL: HIV-viral load; ICP: intracranial pressure; IRIS: immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; MAC: Mycobacterium avium complex; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; MSM: man who has sex with men; NR: normal range; OD: omne in die = once daily; OI: opportunistic infection; RAL: raltegravir; TAF: tenofovir alafenamide fumarate. [2] Rationale: Non-traumatic bowel perforation caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections has become rare among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART); however, CMV-associated and MAC-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) has subsequently emerged owing to the wide use of integrase inhibitor-based regimens. [3] Key words: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Antiretroviral therapy; Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. [4]人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征 (HIV/AIDS) 中的免疫介导皮肤病 (IMSD) 可能在急性感染、艾滋病或作为免疫重建炎症综合征的一部分出现。 [1] 缩写：ABC：阿巴卡韦；艾滋病：获得性免疫缺陷综合征； AFB：抗酸杆菌； ART：抗逆转录病毒疗法； CM：隐球菌性脑膜炎； CrAg：隐球菌抗原； CSF：脑脊液； CT：计算机断层扫描； EACS：欧洲艾滋病临床协会； FTC：恩曲他滨； HIC：高收入国家； HIV：人类免疫缺陷病毒； HIV-VL：HIV病毒载量； ICP：颅内压； IRIS：免疫重建炎症综合征； MAC：鸟分枝杆菌复合体； MRI：磁共振成像； MSM：男男性行为者； NR：正常范围； OD: omne in die = 每天一次； OI：机会性感染； RAL：拉替拉韦； TAF：替诺福韦艾拉酚胺富马酸盐。 [2] nan [3] nan [4]
highly active antiretroviral
Background: In addition to developed in HIV patient during highly active antiretroviral therapy, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) has also been well recognized in non-HIV immunocompromised patients induced by latent viruses, untreated microorganisms, or treating microorganisms. [1] Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an uncommon cause of hypercalcemia in HIV-infected patients recently started on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). [2] We present an unusual case of a patient with AIDS and disseminated Kaposi sarcoma who was commenced on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) but developed HLH secondary to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). [3] Subsequently, the development and clinical implementation of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) led to recognition of an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in a subset of HIV+ individuals, demonstrating the pathological role of host immunity in disease. [4]背景：除了在高活性抗逆转录病毒治疗期间在 HIV 患者中出现外，免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS) 在由潜伏病毒、未经治疗的微生物或治疗微生物诱导的非 HIV 免疫功能低下的患者中也得到了广泛认可。 [1] 免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS) 是最近开始接受高效抗逆转录病毒治疗 (HAART) 的 HIV 感染患者高钙血症的罕见原因。 [2] nan [3] nan [4]
syndrome case report
Primary toxoplasmosis, Epstein-Barr virus reactivation and central nervous system immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: case report A 26-year-old man developed primary toxoplasmosis and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation during treatment with mycophenolate mofetil, prednisolone and tacrolimus. [1] Paradoxical worsening of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy manifesting as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: case report A 48-year-old man experienced paradoxical worsening of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) manifesting as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) during antiretroviral therapy (ART) with cobicistat/darunavir/emtricitabine/ tenofovir-alafenamide and dolutegravir for BK polyomavirus associated PML. [2] Pancytopenia and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: case report A 68-year-old woman developed pancytopenia and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) during treatment with methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis [route not stated; duration of treatments to reactions onsets not stated]. [3] Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: case report A 38-year-old man developed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) following treatment with alemtuzumab for multiple sclerosis (MS). [4]原发性弓形虫病、Epstein-Barr 病毒再激活和中枢神经系统免疫重建炎症综合征：病例报告 一名 26 岁男子在用霉酚酸酯、泼尼松龙和他克莫司治疗期间出现原发性弓形虫病和 Epstein-Barr 病毒 (EBV) 再激活。 [1] 表现为免疫重建炎症综合征的进行性多灶性白质脑病的矛盾恶化：病例报告 一名 48 岁男性在使用考比司他/抗逆转录病毒治疗 (ART) 期间经历了表现为免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS) 的进行性多灶性白质脑病 (PML) 的矛盾恶化。 darunavir/emtricitabine/tenofovir-alafenamide 和 dolutegravir 用于 BK 多瘤病毒相关 PML。 [2] 全血细胞减少和免疫重建炎症综合征：病例报告 一名 68 岁的女性在使用甲氨蝶呤治疗类风湿性关节炎期间出现全血细胞减少和免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS) [途径未说明；未说明对反应发作的治疗持续时间]。 [3] nan [4]
starting antiretroviral therapy
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a major concern when starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients with advanced HIV infection. [1] Inflammasome-derived cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18, and complement cascade have been independently implicated in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB)-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS), a complication affecting HIV+ individuals starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). [2] We describe a case of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) secondary to reactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an HIV-infected patient with a high CD4+ cell count, who presented with a generalized seizure 6 weeks after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). [3]在晚期 HIV 感染患者开始抗逆转录病毒治疗 (ART) 时，免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS) 是一个主要问题。 [1] 炎症小体衍生的细胞因子、IL-1β 和 IL-18 以及补体级联反应独立地参与了结核病 (TB)-免疫重建炎症综合征 (TB-IRIS) 的发病机制，这是一种影响 HIV+ 个体开始抗逆转录病毒治疗 (ART) 的并发症. [2] nan [3]
magnetic resonance imaging
After 4 months of anti-tuberculosis treatment, she developed new right temporal hemianopia and new cerebral tuberculoma, which was identified on repeated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and was attributed to tuberculosis-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. [1] We describe a peculiar case of PML–immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) presenting a punctate pattern with “milky way” appearance on magnetic resonance imaging. [2]抗结核治疗 4 个月后，她出现新的右侧颞叶偏盲和新的脑结核瘤，经反复磁共振成像 (MRI) 发现，归因于结核-免疫重建炎症综合征。 [1] nan [2]
avium complex immune
Mycobacterium avium complex immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome A 28-year-old woman developed Mycobacterium avium complex immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome while receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine and raltegravir for HIV infection. [1] We report a case of Mycobacterium avium complex immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (MAC-IRIS) in a patient with HIV positive. [2]鸟分枝杆菌复合体免疫重建炎症综合征 一名 28 岁女性在接受富马酸替诺福韦酯、拉米夫定和拉替拉韦治疗 HIV 感染时出现鸟分枝杆菌复合体免疫重建炎症综合征。 [1] 我们报告了一例 HIV 阳性患者的鸟分枝杆菌复合免疫重建炎症综合征 (MAC-IRIS) 病例。 [2]
year old man
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome type-I like syndrome A 55-year-old man developed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome type-I like syndrome while receiving amphotericin B and flucytosine for Cryptococcus neoformans infection. [1] Various toxicities: case report A 51-year-old man developed Cryptococcus (C) neoformans-induced necrotizing fasciitis (NF), immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, urinary tract infection and wound infection due to methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. [2]免疫重建炎症综合征 I 型样综合征 一名 55 岁男性在接受两性霉素 B 和氟胞嘧啶治疗新型隐球菌感染时出现免疫重建炎症综合征 I 型样综合征。 [1] 各种毒性：病例报告 一名 51 岁男性因耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌而患上新型隐球菌 (C) 坏死性筋膜炎 (NF)、免疫重建炎症综合征 (IRIS)、巨细胞病毒 (CMV) 感染、尿路感染和伤口感染金黄色葡萄球菌 (MRSA) 和铜绿假单胞菌 (P. [2]
year old woman
This case study discusses the management of a disseminated Mycobacterium simiae and Mycobacterium avium infection causing an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a 52-year-old woman with HIV infection. [1]本案例研究讨论了传播性模拟分枝杆菌和鸟分枝杆菌感染的管理，该感染导致一名 52 岁的 HIV 感染女性出现免疫重建炎症综合征。 [1]