Radio Transmitters(无线电发射机)研究综述
Radio Transmitters 无线电发射机 - Here, we expanded beyond previous studies by outfitting 71 free-ranging Eurasian blackbirds (Turdus merula) with novel heart rate and body temperature loggers coupled with radio transmitters, and followed individuals in the wild from autumn to spring. [1] We monitored 9 adult turtles (5 females and 4 males) with radio transmitters. [2] Radio transmitters can be identified by their unique radio frequency (RF) fingerprints. [3] 2) In vivo wireless cardiac telemetry experiments: Guinea pigs (n=3) implanted with radio transmitters were administered i. [4] , genus Sterna, Sternula) is of great interest to researchers and conservationists, this period remains understudied due in large part to the difficulty of marking growing juveniles with radio transmitters that remain attached for extended periods. [5] When compared to other components of a sensor node, the power required by radio transmitters is responsible for most of the consumption. [6] Radio transmitters can be identified by their unique radio frequency (RF) fingerprints, which are imparted by their distinct hardware differences and manufacturing variations. [7] Introduction : One of the main professional groups of workers in cellular radiotelephone communication includes technical specialists who serve and ensure trouble-free operation of radio transmitters of cellular base stations (BS). [8] Methods and Results Adult obese spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats (SHHF) were implanted with radio transmitters for measurement of arterial blood pressures. [9] Radio receivers and radio transmitters on satellites constantly exchange radio signals and then it is possible to determine the electron concentration and its fluctuations from the phase shift. [10] Since the days of Hertz, radio transmitters have evolved from rudimentary circuits emitting around 50 MHz to modern ubiquitous Wi-Fi devices operating at gigahertz radio bands. [11] Passive integrated transponders and radio transmitters were used to monitor both Pacific lamprey and Chinook salmon (O. [12] This intent is encouraged and motivated with the advancement of related technologies such as the batteries capacity and size, radio transmitters’ efficiency, robust and economy frame materials, new generation of microprocessors, and electrical motors technology. [13] To solve the problem that single characteristic of radio transmitters in low-end receivers is not ideal for the individual identification of radiation sources, the algorithm that box dimension of Product Function (PF) decomposed by Local Mean Decomposition(LMD) fuses Rectangular Integral Bispectrum(SIB) is proposed. [14] Global positioning system (GPS) devices represent a recent technological advancement that has contributed greatly to avian ecological studies compared with traditionally used very high frequency (VHF) radio transmitters, but may affect demographic rates differently than VHF transmitters. [15] An algorithm was implemented in the form of computer program, taking into account the criterion characterizing the influence index between radio transmitters and radio receivers. [16] Hatchery trout were tagged with a combination of PIT tags and radio transmitters (radio tags); stocked into “Delayed Harvest Trout Waters” of the North Toe, East Prong Roaring, and Little rivers; and monitored during the catch-andrelease season from October to June. [17] But the results of research on specific people, such as military personnel or those who live and work near radar stations, high-pressure posts and high-powered telecommunications and radio transmitters, show that they have harmful effects and live nearby they are not risk free. [18] The study of labeling graphs exposed to various distance constraints is motivated by the problem of minimizing the span of non-interfering frequencies assigned to radio transmitters. [19] This paper focuses on the method for classification and identification of radio transmitters in low-end receivers, to provide a new radio frequency fingerprint. [20] Groups of three fish with EMG (electromyogram) radio transmitters were monitored for two weeks via video recording. [21] We followed 18 Spur-thighed Tortoises (Testudo graeca) mounted with radio transmitters to quantify their seasonal activity patterns, home-range sizes, and preferred habitats, including soil type. [22] After observing the locations of radio transmitters, an attacker locates a limited number of radio jammers on the attacker’s side to disrupt the communication network of the defender. [23] Since the days of Hertz, radio transmitters have evolved from rudimentary circuits emitting around 50 MHz to modern ubiquitous Wi-Fi devices operating at gigahertz radio bands. [24]在这里，我们通过为 71 只自由放养的欧亚黑鹂 (Turdus merula) 配备新的心率和体温记录器以及无线电发射器来扩展之前的研究，并从秋季到春季跟踪野外的个体。 [1] 我们用无线电发射器监测了 9 只成年海龟（5 只雌性和 4 只雄性）。 [2] 无线电发射器可以通过其独特的射频 (RF) 指纹来识别。 [3] 2）体内无线心脏遥测实验：植入无线电发射器的豚鼠（n = 3）被给予i。 [4] , 属 Sterna, Sternula) 对研究人员和保护主义者非常感兴趣，但这一时期仍未得到充分研究，这在很大程度上是由于难以用长时间保持连接的无线电发射器来标记生长中的幼体。 [5] 与传感器节点的其他组件相比，无线电发射器所需的功率是大部分消耗的原因。 [6] 无线电发射器可以通过其独特的射频 (RF) 指纹进行识别，这些指纹是由其独特的硬件差异和制造差异赋予的。 [7] 简介： 蜂窝无线电话通信的主要专业工作群体之一包括技术专家，他们为蜂窝基站 (BS) 的无线电发射器提供服务并确保其无故障运行。 [8] 方法和结果 成年肥胖自发性高血压心力衰竭大鼠 (SHHF) 被植入无线电发射器以测量动脉血压。 [9] 卫星上的无线电接收器和无线电发射器不断交换无线电信号，然后可以通过相移确定电子浓度及其波动。 [10] 自赫兹时代以来，无线电发射器已经从发射约 50 MHz 的基本电路发展为在千兆赫无线电频段运行的现代无处不在的 Wi-Fi 设备。 [11] 无源集成转发器和无线电发射器用于监测太平洋七鳃鳗和奇努克鲑鱼（O. [12] 随着电池容量和尺寸、无线电发射器的效率、坚固和经济的框架材料、新一代微处理器和电动机技术等相关技术的进步，这一意图得到了鼓励和激励。 [13] 为解决低端接收机中无线电发射机的单一特性对辐射源个体识别效果不理想的问题，将局部均值分解（LMD）分解乘积函数（PF）的盒维数融合矩形积分双谱（ SIB) 被提议。 [14] 全球定位系统 (GPS) 设备代表了最近的技术进步，与传统使用的甚高频 (VHF) 无线电发射器相比，它对鸟类生态学研究做出了巨大贡献，但对人口统计率的影响可能与 VHF 发射器不同。 [15] 考虑到表征无线电发射器和无线电接收器之间的影响指数的标准，以计算机程序的形式实施了一种算法。 [16] 孵化场鳟鱼使用 PIT 标签和无线电发射器（无线电标签）的组合进行标记；投放到北趾、东叉咆哮和小河的“延迟收获鳟鱼水域”；并在 10 月至 6 月的捕捞和放流季节进行监测。 [17] 但对特定人群的研究结果，例如军事人员或在雷达站、高压哨所和大功率电信和无线电发射机附近生活和工作的人，表明他们具有有害影响，并且在附近生活他们并非没有风险. [18] 对暴露于各种距离约束的标记图的研究是由最小化分配给无线电发射器的非干扰频率的跨度的问题推动的。 [19] 本文重点研究低端接收机中无线电发射机的分类和识别方法，以提供一种新的射频指纹。 [20] 通过视频记录对带有 EMG（肌电图）无线电发射器的三条鱼组进行了为期两周的监测。 [21] 我们跟踪了 18 只装有无线电发射器的刺腿龟 (Testudo graeca)，以量化它们的季节性活动模式、家庭范围大小和首选栖息地，包括土壤类型。 [22] 在观察无线电发射器的位置后，攻击者在攻击者一侧定位有限数量的无线电干扰器，以破坏防御者的通信网络。 [23] 自赫兹时代以来，无线电发射器已经从发射约 50 MHz 的基本电路发展为在千兆赫无线电频段运行的现代无处不在的 Wi-Fi 设备。 [24]
Implanted Radio Transmitters 植入式无线电发射机
We released 31 juvenile captive-reared Chinese giant salamanders of two age groups in two rivers in the Qinling Mountains of central China and monitored their daily movements for 16 months using surgically implanted radio transmitters. [1] In 2018, we implanted radio transmitters into 30 hellbenders and sampled them periodically for Bd until 17 of the 30 hellbenders were translocated in 2019. [2] Between January 2012 and January 2013, we surgically implanted radio transmitters in 15 spadefoots at two locations and recorded their movements and habitat use. [3] We surgically implanted radio transmitters into the body cavity of 31 juvenile giant salamanders, and these salamanders were subsequently released into two small river systems (Donghe and Heihe Rivers) located in the Qinling Mountains of central China and were monitored daily from May 2013 to August 2014. [4]我们在中国中部秦岭的两条河流中放生了 31 只两个年龄组的中国大鲵幼鱼，并使用手术植入的无线电发射器监测它们 16 个月的日常活动。 [1] 2018 年，我们将无线电发射器植入 30 只地狱犬，并定期对它们进行采样以用于 Bd，直到 30 只地狱犬中的 17 台在 2019 年被转移。 [2] 在 2012 年 1 月至 2013 年 1 月期间，我们在两个位置通过手术将无线电发射器植入了 15 个铁锹足中，并记录了它们的运动和栖息地使用情况。 [3] 我们通过手术将无线电发射器植入了 31 只幼年大鲵的体腔内，这些鲵随后被释放到位于中国中部秦岭山脉的两个小河流系统（东河和黑河）中，并于 2013 年 5 月至 2014 年 8 月每天进行监测. [4]
Attached Radio Transmitters
We attached radio transmitters to 44 frogs during summer 2014. [1] We attached radio transmitters to 29 individuals and located them for a 9-month (April–December) period during 2016. [2] During the nesting seasons in 2015 and 2016, we attached radio transmitters to 46 nestlings in a tallgrass prairie and modeled their survival and habitat selection as a function of habitat characteristics. [3]2014 年夏天，我们为 44 只青蛙安装了无线电发射器。 [1] 我们为 29 个人安装了无线电发射器，并在 2016 年的 9 个月（4 月至 12 月）期间对他们进行了定位。 [2] 在 2015 年和 2016 年的筑巢季节，我们将无线电发射器连接到高草草原中的 46 只雏鸟，并将它们的生存和栖息地选择建模为栖息地特征的函数。 [3]
Miniaturized Radio Transmitters
We attached miniaturized radio transmitters (less than 300 mg) to monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) and common green darner dragonflies (Anax junius) and tracked their autumn migratory movements through southern Ontario, Canada and into the United States using an automated array of over 100 telemetry towers. [1] We present here technical specifications and the surgical procedure used to implant miniaturized radio transmitters, as well as a formal testing procedure for measuring detectable transmission distances of implanted devices. [2]我们将小型无线电发射器（小于 300 毫克）连接到帝王蝶 (Danaus plexippus) 和常见的绿蜻蜓 (Anax junius)，并使用 100 多个自动阵列跟踪它们在加拿大安大略省南部和美国的秋季迁徙活动遥测塔。 [1] 我们在此介绍用于植入微型无线电发射器的技术规范和手术程序，以及用于测量植入设备的可检测传输距离的正式测试程序。 [2]
Mobile Radio Transmitters
Electromagnetic energy can be harvested in the ISM unlicensed band from various ambient source in particular from mobile radio transmitters, Wi-Fi networks, wireless devices. [1] In our proposed infrastructure the widespread used passive optical access network (PON) architecture is technologically transformed to the AROF-WDM-PON transmission system without replacing existing network elements, by integrating baseband units (BBUs) or mobile radio transmitters located in optical line terminal (OLT) at the central office (CO) and the receiving radio unit (RU) part of mobile base stations, leaving the traditional WDM-PON broadband architecture unchanged. [2]可以在 ISM 未经许可的频段内从各种环境源（尤其是移动无线电发射器、Wi-Fi 网络、无线设备）收集电磁能量。 [1] 在我们提议的基础设施中，广泛使用的无源光接入网络 (PON) 架构通过集成位于光线路终端的基带单元 (BBU) 或移动无线电发射器，在技术上转变为 AROF-WDM-PON 传输系统，而无需更换现有网络元件。 OLT）在中心局（CO）和移动基站的接收无线电单元（RU）部分，保持传统的WDM-PON宽带架构不变。 [2]
Band Radio Transmitters
Comparative estimation of energy parameters of power amplifiers of single-band radio transmitters using automatic mode adjustment using a deterministic two-frequency test signal instead of a random single-band signal modulated by speech is investigated in the work. [1] The article proposes a method for estimating the power parameters of power amplifiers of single-band radio transmitters with envelope tracking, via a deterministic dual-frequency test signal instead of a random single-band signal modulated by speech. [2]在工作中研究了使用确定性双频测试信号代替语音调制的随机单频信号的自动模式调整对单频段无线电发射机功率放大器的能量参数的比较估计。 [1] 本文提出了一种通过确定性双频测试信号代替语音调制的随机单频信号来估计具有包络跟踪的单频无线电发射机功率放大器的功率参数的方法。 [2]