Plane Alignment(平面对齐)研究综述
Plane Alignment 平面对齐 - In this study, a highly out-of-plane alignment of the n-type polymer P(NDI2OD-T2) film has been successfully achieved by horizontal rotation in a high magnetic field (HR-HMF). [1] The in-plane alignment for the epitaxial film is implied as [110] AlScN//[001] W and [1-10] W//[110] sapphire. [2] This intrinsic polarization of the order of up to a few tens of millielectronvolts has different out-of-plane alignments in ordered and twisted graphene multilayers, while the in-plane potential modulation is found to be much stronger in twisted systems. [3] Considering the two dimensionality of graphene platelets, biaxial stretching can improve the isotropic in-plane alignment of the films, and this may be conveniently adjusted by changing the stretching force. [4] The characterization results confirm that the roughness and crystalline order of the thin films are improved after the temperature gradient treatments: (1) high cooling rate treatments (≥9 °C min−1) significantly reduce the roughness of high thickness films, leading to good continuity and uniformity of the films; (2) dendritic growth dominates not only the films with low thickness but also films with high thickness treated at low cooling rates (<9 °C min−1); (3) the out-of-plane order and the in-plane alignment of the crystallites are also remarkably enhanced by the temperature gradient treatments. [5] The conductive graphene interlayers are first synthesized using a laser induction process and then transfer printed onto carbon fiber prepregs while maintaining their out-of-plane alignment. [6] Tibial component coronal (TCA) and sagittal (TSA) plane alignment was measured on postoperative radiographs. [7] An XYZR platform is utilized for in-plane alignment of the top layer and moving the top layer down to bond with the bottom layer. [8] X-ray diffraction experiments show that the degree of in plane alignment of LDH NS on the PET film surface increased significantly from 70. [9] Here, we present a comprehensive characterization of blade-coated P(NDI2OD-T2) (N2200) for OFET applications, including a rigorous, multimodal characterization of its in-plane alignment. [10] The great improvement of the thermal conductivity was attributed to the in-plane alignment of BN platelets, which constructed highly connected thermally conductive pathways. [11] XRD pole figures reveal that the crystal habit of the grains consists of {100} facets constituting triangular-base pyramids, with a side and a corner facing the projection of the incoming particle flux (indicative of a double in-plane alignment). [12] Together, these results suggest that spatial encoding properties are determined by an interaction between the body-plane alignment and the gravity axis. [13] Here, we demonstrate substrate-imposed epitaxy as a viable synthetic control able to induce planar defects in Au seeds while simultaneously dictating nanostructure in-plane alignment and crystallographic orientation. [14] Bi-axially oriented crystals are formed due to the grooves of the substrate surface opening up the possibility of a defined in-plane alignment of the crystals. [15] The nanowires show high degree of crystallinity, strong c-axis preferred orientation as well as relative in-plane alignment and sixfold hexagonal symmetry of the wurtzite phase. [16] Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) we find hBN is well aligned to the Ni below with in plane alignment between the hBN zig zag edge and the of Ni. [17] The hysteresis loops of the composites with in-plane alignment of the microflakes were obtained by applying the external magnetic field parallel and perpendicular to the composite sample plane. [18]在这项研究中，通过在高磁场中水平旋转（HR-HMF）成功地实现了 n 型聚合物 P(NDI2OD-T2) 薄膜的高度面外排列。 [1] 外延膜的面内排列暗示为[110] AlScN//[001] W和[1-10] W//[110]蓝宝石。 [2] 这种高达几十毫电子伏的固有极化在有序和扭曲的石墨烯多层中具有不同的面外排列，而在扭曲的系统中发现面内电位调制要强得多。 [3] 考虑到石墨烯薄片的二维性，双轴拉伸可以改善薄膜的各向同性面内取向，这可以通过改变拉伸力来方便地调节。 [4] 表征结果证实，温度梯度处理后薄膜的粗糙度和结晶有序度得到改善：（1）高冷却速率处理（≥9°C min-1）显着降低了高厚度薄膜的粗糙度，导致良好的薄膜的连续性和均匀性； (2) 枝晶生长不仅在低厚度薄膜中占主导地位，而且在低冷却速率 (<9 °C min-1) 处理的高厚度薄膜中占主导地位； (3) 温度梯度处理也显着增强了微晶的面外有序和面内排列。 [5] 导电石墨烯中间层首先使用激光感应工艺合成，然后转移印刷到碳纤维预浸料上，同时保持它们的面外对齐。 [6] 在术后 X 光片上测量胫骨组件冠状面 (TCA) 和矢状面 (TSA) 平面对齐情况。 [7] XYZR 平台用于顶层的平面内对齐，并将顶层向下移动以与底层粘合。 [8] X 射线衍射实验表明，LDH NS 在 PET 薄膜表面的面内取向度从 70 显着增加。 [9] 在这里，我们提出了用于 OFET 应用的刀片涂层 P(NDI2OD-T2) (N2200) 的全面表征，包括对其面内对齐的严格、多模态表征。 [10] 热导率的显着提高归因于 BN 薄片的面内排列，构建了高度连接的导热通路。 [11] XRD 极图显示晶粒的晶体习性由构成三角基金字塔的 {100} 晶面组成，边和角面向进入的粒子通量的投影（表示双平面内排列）。 [12] 总之，这些结果表明空间编码特性是由身体平面对齐和重力轴之间的相互作用决定的。 [13] 在这里，我们展示了基板施加外延作为一种可行的合成控制，能够在金种子中诱导平面缺陷，同时决定纳米结构的面内排列和晶体取向。 [14] 由于衬底表面的凹槽打开了晶体确定的平面内排列的可能性，因此形成了双轴取向的晶体。 [15] 纳米线显示出高度的结晶度、强的 c 轴择优取向以及纤锌矿相的相对面内排列和六角对称性。 [16] 使用原子力显微镜 (AFM)，我们发现 hBN 与下方的 Ni 很好地对齐，并且 hBN 之字形边缘和 Ni 之间的平面对齐。 [17] 通过施加平行和垂直于复合样品平面的外部磁场，获得了具有平面内排列的复合材料的磁滞回线。 [18]
Sagittal Plane Alignment 矢状面对齐
The traditional approach to intraoperative radiographic imaging allows for accurate assessment of fixation placement but only a crude evaluation of final sagittal plane alignment. [1] BACKGROUND Changes in gait due to an ankle foot orthosis (AFO) have been shown to be impacted by the sagittal plane alignment of the AFO, but there is variability in practice and lack of consensus as to how this alignment should be measured. [2] Conclusion Sagittal plane alignment was significantly associated with sex, age, LBP, and DSN. [3] Primary outcomes included coronal plane and sagittal plane alignment at latest follow up, rate of articular subsidence at latest follow up, and rate of postoperative infection. [4] Iliac crest distance from the L5 superior endplate, and coronal and sagittal plane alignments were measured from fluororadiographs obtained in each of five positions: standard lateral decubitus (LD), prone-hips and spine neutral (PR-NN), prone-hips neutral and spine coronally bent (PR-NCB), prone-hips extended and spine neutral (PR-EN), and prone-hips extended and spine coronally bent (PR-ECB). [5] Outcomes were quantified comparatively among Simple LSS group vs DS group (with anterior slip of more than 3mm) and DLS group (with ≥ 20° coronal Cobb angle) using low back pain (LBP) /leg pain/leg numbness visual analog scale (VAS) scores, the JOA scores and variables about sagittal plane alignment before surgery, 2 years and 5 years of follow-up. [6] Postoperative long-standing radiographs were evaluated for coronal and sagittal plane alignment. [7] To evaluate the relationship between posterior tibial slope (PTS), posterior condylar offset (PCO), femoral sagittal angle (FSA) on clinical outcomes, and propose optimal sagittal plane alignments for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). [8] Main outcome measures: Immediate postoperative coronal and sagittal plane alignment, measured as deviation from anatomic axis (DFAA); coronal and sagittal plane malalignment (defined as DFAA >5° in either plane). [9] It has been extensively demonstrated that sagittal plane alignment of the cervical and lumbar spines impacts human health and well-being. [10] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of tibial coronal and sagittal plane alignment in UKA on knee kinematics and cruciate ligament tension, using a musculoskeletal computer simulation. [11] The sagittal plane alignment of femoral component (γ angle) and tibial component (δ angle) did not show significant differences (γ angle, 7. [12] Postoperative sagittal plane alignment does not correlate significantly with postoperative function, as measured by PROMs. [13] The postoperative CT showed a satisfactory reconstruction of length, torsion and frontal and sagittal plane alignment. [14] Excessive posterior tibial slope may generate greater posterior force on the femur that leads to continuous overloading of the preserved ACL, suggesting optimal sagittal plane alignment of the tibial component may be important for the optimization of postoperative functions of BCR TKA patients. [15] Medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) is a surgical procedure intended to alter the coronal and sagittal plane alignment of the lower limb to primarily relieve the symptoms of osteoarthritis in the medial compartment of the knee. [16] OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine reference values for the sagittal plane alignment of the thoracolumbar junction (TLJ) in a young adult Korean population. [17] Cervical sagittal plane alignment, including C2–C7 sagittal vertical axis (C2–C7SVA), C2–C7 angle, and C2 slope (C2S), was measured. [18] The postoperative CT showed a satisfactory reconstruction of length, torsion and frontal and sagittal plane alignment. [19] However, association between BMI percentile and preoperative sagittal plane alignment has not been evaluated. [20] However, association between BMI percentile and preoperative sagittal plane alignment has not been evaluated. [21] We measured and compared the coronal and sagittal plane alignment in X-ray and rotational alignment in computed tomography scan between both groups. [22] These data may guide surgical correction of cervicothoracic deformities to ensure appropriate restoration of normal cervicothoracic parameters to maintain good horizontal gaze and overall sagittal plane alignment. [23] This article will outline the importance of the assessment of coronal and sagittal plane alignment when dealing with complex issues such as the multiligament injured knee. [24] BACKGROUND CONTEXT Sagittal plane alignment is of crucial importance for the treatment of spinal deformities. [25] No significant differences were found in frontal or sagittal plane alignment. [26]传统的术中放射成像方法可以准确评估固定位置，但只能对最终的矢状面对齐进行粗略评估。 [1] 背景 由于踝足矫形器 (AFO) 导致的步态变化已被证明会受到 AFO 矢状面对齐的影响，但在实践中存在可变性，并且对于如何测量这种对齐方式缺乏共识。 [2] 结论 矢状面对齐与性别、年龄、LBP 和 DSN 显着相关。 [3] 主要结果包括最近一次随访时的冠状面和矢状面对齐、最近一次随访时的关节下沉率和术后感染率。 [4] 髂嵴距 L5 上终板的距离，以及冠状面和矢状面对齐是通过在五个位置中的每一个获得的 X 线片测量的：标准侧卧位 (LD)、俯卧髋和脊柱中立 (PR-NN)、俯卧髋中立和脊柱冠状弯曲（PR-NCB），俯卧髋伸展和脊柱中立（PR-EN），以及俯卧髋伸展和脊柱冠状弯曲（PR-ECB）。 [5] 使用腰痛（LBP）/腿部疼痛/腿部麻木视觉模拟量表（VAS）对简单 LSS 组与 DS 组（前滑超过 3 毫米）和 DLS 组（冠状 Cobb 角 ≥ 20°）之间的结果进行比较量化) 评分、JOA 评分和关于术前矢状面对齐的变量、2 年和 5 年的随访。 [6] 评估术后长期 X 线片的冠状面和矢状面对齐情况。 [7] 评估胫骨后坡 (PTS)、后髁偏移 (PCO)、股骨矢状角 (FSA) 对临床结果的关系，并提出单髁膝关节置换术 (UKA) 的最佳矢状面对齐方式。 [8] 主要结果测量：术后即刻冠状面和矢状面对齐，测量为偏离解剖轴（DFAA）；冠状面和矢状面排列不齐（定义为任一平面上的 DFAA > 5°）。 [9] 已经广泛证明，颈椎和腰椎的矢状面对齐会影响人类的健康和福祉。 [10] 本研究的目的是使用肌肉骨骼计算机模拟评估 UKA 中胫骨冠状面和矢状面对齐对膝关节运动学和十字韧带张力的影响。 [11] 股骨假体（γ 角）和胫骨假体（δ 角）的矢状面排列没有显着差异（γ 角，7. [12] 通过 PROM 测量，术后矢状面对齐与术后功能没有显着相关性。 [13] 术后 CT 显示，长度、扭转以及正面和矢状平面对齐的重建令人满意。 [14] 胫骨后坡过大可能会在股骨上产生更大的后向力，导致保留的 ACL 持续超负荷，这表明胫骨组件的最佳矢状面对齐对于优化 BCR TKA 患者的术后功能可能很重要。 [15] 内侧开口楔形高位胫骨截骨术 (MOWHTO) 是一种旨在改变下肢冠状面和矢状面对齐的外科手术，主要缓解膝关节内侧室骨关节炎的症状。 [16] 客观的 本研究的目的是确定年轻成人韩国人群中胸腰段 (TLJ) 矢状面对齐的参考值。 [17] 测量了颈椎矢状面对齐，包括 C2-C7 矢状垂直轴 (C2-C7SVA)、C2-C7 角度和 C2 斜率 (C2S)。 [18] 术后 CT 显示，长度、扭转以及正面和矢状平面对齐的重建令人满意。 [19] 然而，尚未评估 BMI 百分位数与术前矢状面对齐之间的关联。 [20] 然而，尚未评估 BMI 百分位数与术前矢状面对齐之间的关联。 [21] 我们测量并比较了两组之间的 X 射线冠状面和矢状面对齐以及计算机断层扫描中的旋转对齐。 [22] 这些数据可以指导颈胸畸形的手术矫正，以确保适当恢复正常的颈胸参数，以保持良好的水平注视和整体矢状面对齐。 [23] 本文将概述在处理诸如多韧带损伤膝关节等复杂问题时评估冠状面和矢状面对齐的重要性。 [24] 背景背景 矢状面对齐对于脊柱畸形的治疗至关重要。 [25] 在正面或矢状平面对齐中没有发现显着差异。 [26]
Coronal Plane Alignment 冠状面对齐
For RA-TKA, individual component position was adjusted to assist gap-balancing but planned coronal plane alignment for the femoral and tibial components and overall limb alignment remained 0 ± 3°; planned tibial posterior slope was 1. [1] Patients were categorized using the Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification including the lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA) and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) measured on LLR by a single observer, allowing knee phenotypes to be categorized considering the arithmetic hip–knee–ankle (aHKA) angle (MPTA-LDFA) as measure of constitutional alignment, and joint line obliquity (JLO) (MPTA + LDFA). [2] Coronal plane alignment, in particular genu valgum, is important to consider when evaluating lateral patellofemoral instability. [3] Radiographic analysis demonstrated significant improvement to neutral coronal plane alignment, which was achieved in 97% of patients (P <. [4] This paper describes the Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification and examines its utility in preoperative soft tissue balance prediction, comparing kinematic alignment (KA) to mechanical alignment (MA). [5] CONCLUSION Early experience with this 2-component total ankle replacement was associated with a high component retention rate, improved coronal plane alignment, good postoperative ROM, radiographically stable implants, and improved patient function. [6] This confirms a causal relation between coronal malalignment and increased medial compartment loading and suggests a potential role of aberrant coronal plane alignment on OA initiation. [7] In conclusion, robotic-arm-assisted UKA, through accurate implant positioning, significantly improves range of motion and coronal plane alignment, in appropriately selected patients. [8] Mean stance coronal plane alignment decreased from 6. [9] Six patients had a difference in their coronal plane alignment of 2° or more (3/6 had no blocking screw). [10] Primary outcomes included fracture union, sagittal, and coronal plane alignment, and complications. [11] Changes in coronal plane alignments and tibial slope of the operative limb were compared with a Wilcoxon test. [12] In the 1950’s, the use of Harrington’s distraction system[2] led to improved coronal plane alignment. [13] Conclusion: This cohort of TAA patients with minimum 5 year follow up using a third generation fixed bearing implant demonstrates acceptable implant survival, improved patient reported outcomes scores and maintenance of coronal plane alignment. [14]对于 RA-TKA，调整了单个部件的位置以帮助平衡间隙，但股骨和胫骨部件的计划冠状面对齐和整体肢体对齐保持 0 ± 3°；计划的胫骨后斜率为1。 [1] 使用膝关节冠状面对齐 (CPAK) 分类对患者进行分类，包括由单个观察者在 LLR 上测量的股骨远端外侧角 (LDFA) 和胫骨近端内侧角 (MPTA)，从而允许考虑算术髋关节对膝关节表型进行分类-膝盖 - 脚踝（aHKA）角度（MPTA-LDFA）作为体质对齐的量度，以及关节线倾角（JLO）（MPTA + LDFA）。 [2] 在评估外侧髌股关节不稳定时，需要考虑冠状面对齐，尤其是膝外翻。 [3] 放射学分析显示，97% 的患者实现了中性冠状面对齐的显着改善（P <. [4] 本文描述了膝关节的冠状面对齐 (CPAK) 分类，并检查了其在术前软组织平衡预测中的实用性，比较了运动对齐 (KA) 和机械对齐 (MA)。 [5] 结论 这种 2 组件全踝关节置换术的早期经验与较高的组件保留率、改善的冠状平面对齐、良好的术后 ROM、放射学稳定的植入物和改善的患者功能有关。 [6] 这证实了冠状位错位和增加的内侧隔室负荷之间的因果关系，并表明异常的冠状位面排列对 OA 起始的潜在作用。 [7] In conclusion, robotic-arm-assisted UKA, through accurate implant positioning, significantly improves range of motion and coronal plane alignment, in appropriately selected patients. [8] 平均站立冠状面对齐从 6 降低。 [9] 6 名患者的冠状面对线有 2° 或更多的差异（3/6 没有阻塞螺钉）。 [10] 主要结局包括骨折愈合、矢状面和冠状面对齐以及并发症。 [11] 将手术肢体的冠状面排列和胫骨斜率的变化与 Wilcoxon 检验进行比较。 [12] 在 1950 年代，使用 Harrington 的分心系统[2] 改善了冠状面对齐。 [13] 结论：这组使用第三代固定轴承植入物进行至少 5 年随访的 TAA 患者显示了可接受的植入物存活率、改善的患者报告结果评分和维持冠状平面对齐。 [14]
Frontal Plane Alignment
Regression analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation of the contact point locations, knee adduction moment (KAM), knee flexion moment (KFM), frontal plane alignment, and gait speed with the Fmed and Flat. [1] OBJECTIVE To determine the sex-specific relation of frontal plane alignment (FPA) to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-defined features of patellofemoral osteoarthritis, and also to tibiofemoral osteoarthritis and knee pain. [2] Advanced imaging to analyze rotational and frontal plane alignment is recommended in patients with trochlear dysplasia and/or increased TT–TG on standard radiographs and knee MRI. [3] Conclusions: Upper trunk OBPP may affect frontal plane alignment. [4]进行回归分析以评估接触点位置、膝关节内收力矩 (KAM)、膝关节屈曲力矩 (KFM)、额平面对齐和步态速度与 Fmed 和 Flat 的相关性。 [1] 客观的 确定额平面对齐 (FPA) 与磁共振成像 (MRI) 定义的髌股骨关节炎特征以及胫股骨关节炎和膝关节疼痛的性别特异性关系。 [2] 对于滑车发育不良和/或标准 X 线片和膝关节 MRI 显示 TT-TG 升高的患者，建议使用高级成像来分析旋转和正面平面对齐。 [3] 结论：上躯干 OBPP 可能会影响额平面对齐。 [4]