Oropharyngeal Carcinomas(口咽癌)研究综述
Oropharyngeal Carcinomas 口咽癌 - The authors also emphasize the need for determining HPV status for all oropharyngeal carcinomas. [1] Introduction Many types of research have been performed to improve the diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of oropharyngeal carcinomas (OP-SCCs). [2] The present study aimed to evaluate whether human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its pathway-related gene mutations, known to be sensitive biomarkers of oropharyngeal carcinomas, could be used as biomarkers for the prediction of the prognosis of patients with CESCC. [3] Background/Aim: While in many Western countries the number of tonsillectomies decreases significantly, there is an increasing incidence of oropharyngeal carcinomas. [4] In the 8th Edition TNM Classification for Head and Neck Cancer, the classification for carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) changed in addition to oropharyngeal carcinomas. [5] Discovering the key role HPV plays in head and neck carcinogenesis has revolutionized our approach to cancers such as oropharyngeal carcinomas. [6] Thus, guidance about human papillomavirus testing in oropharyngeal carcinomas and Epstein-Barr virus testing in nasopharyngeal carcinomas is highlighted. [7] Background: Late detection and diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas are responsible for the related increased morbidity and mortality. [8] 8% oropharyngeal carcinomas) were analyzed. [9] Almost all cervical carcinomas (squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma) and a significant proportion of other anogenital carcinomas (vulvovaginal, anal, penile carcinomas) and oropharyngeal carcinomas are attributed to HPV infections. [10] HPV status was evaluated for patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas. [11] Purpose The present retrospective multicenter study intended to investigate the factors associated with severe oral mucositis and candidiasis in patients undergoing radiotherapy for oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas. [12] SUMMARY The incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is increasing and implicated in more than 60% of all oropharyngeal carcinomas (OPSCCs). [13] The vast majority of cervical and 75% of oropharyngeal carcinomas are triggered by infection with a type of high-risk oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV). [14] Cyfra21-1 assay showed significant differences between tumors of different sites with prominent elevation being found in oropharyngeal carcinomas and between patients with p16 positive and p16 negative HNSCC (p=0. [15] Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) 16 and 18 are recognized as causative factors in 4-5% of all human cancers, including the majority of cervical and oropharyngeal carcinomas. [16] Primary surgery could also be the preferred modality of treatment for most early (T1–T2, N0) laryngeal and hypo/oropharyngeal carcinomas when this strategy offers an opportunity to reserve radiotherapy for a potential recurrence or second primary tumor. [17]作者还强调需要确定所有口咽癌的 HPV 状态。 [1] 引言 已经进行了许多类型的研究来改善口咽癌 (OP-SCC) 的诊断、治疗和预后。 [2] 本研究旨在评估人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 感染、表皮生长因子受体 (EGFR) 及其通路相关基因突变（已知是口咽癌的敏感生物标志物）是否可用作预测预后的生物标志物CESCC 患者。 [3] 背景/目的：虽然在许多西方国家，扁桃体切除术的数量显着减少，但口咽癌的发病率却在增加。 [4] 在第 8 版 TNM 头颈癌分类中，除了口咽癌外，对未知原发性癌 (CUP) 的分类也发生了变化。 [5] 发现 HPV 在头颈癌发生中的关键作用已经彻底改变了我们治疗口咽癌等癌症的方法。 [6] 因此，强调了有关口咽癌中人乳头瘤病毒检测和鼻咽癌中 Epstein-Barr 病毒检测的指导。 [7] 背景：口腔和口咽癌的晚期发现和诊断是相关的发病率和死亡率增加的原因。 [8] 8% 的口咽癌）进行了分析。 [9] 几乎所有的宫颈癌（鳞状细胞癌和腺癌）和相当大比例的其他肛门生殖器癌（外阴阴道癌、肛门癌、阴茎癌）和口咽癌都归因于 HPV 感染。 [10] 对口咽癌患者的 HPV 状态进行了评估。 [11] 目的 本回顾性多中心研究旨在调查口腔癌和口咽癌放疗患者中与严重口腔黏膜炎和念珠菌病相关的因素。 [12] 总结 与人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 相关的头颈部鳞状细胞癌 (HNSCC) 的发病率正在增加，并且涉及 60% 以上的所有口咽癌 (OPSCC)。 [13] 绝大多数宫颈癌和 75% 的口咽癌是由一种高危致癌人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 感染引发的。 [14] Cyfra21-1 检测显示，在口咽癌中不同部位的肿瘤之间存在显着差异（p=0. [15] 人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 16 和 18 被认为是所有人类癌症中 4-5% 的致病因素，包括大多数宫颈癌和口咽癌。 [16] 初次手术也可能是大多数早期（T1-T2，N0）喉癌和下/口咽癌的首选治疗方式，因为这种策略提供了为潜在复发或第二原发肿瘤保留放射治疗的机会。 [17]
Associated Oropharyngeal Carcinomas
The majority of human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated oropharyngeal carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas; however, there are rare reports of HPV–associated neuroendocrine carcinomas (HPV‐NECs) in the upper aerodigestive tract. [1] There are significant staging differences for each anatomic site within the head and neck when lymph node sampling is considered, most importantly related to human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal carcinomas and mucosal melanomas. [2] After excluding human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal carcinomas, two risk categories were classified as “p53 adverse function” and “p53 favorable function” based on TP53 mutation status and p53 protein phenotype. [3]大多数与人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 相关的口咽癌是鳞状细胞癌；然而，很少有关于上呼吸消化道 HPV 相关神经内分泌癌 (HPV-NEC) 的报道。 [1] 当考虑淋巴结取样时，头部和颈部内的每个解剖部位存在显着的分期差异，最重要的是与人乳头瘤病毒相关的口咽癌和黏膜黑色素瘤有关。 [2] 在排除人乳头瘤病毒相关口咽癌后，根据 TP53 突变状态和 p53 蛋白表型，将两个风险类别分为“p53 不良功能”和“p53 有利功能”。 [3]
Related Oropharyngeal Carcinomas
This case demonstrates the importance of tumor morphology and immunohistochemical testing in HPV-related oropharyngeal carcinomas, despite the overall good prognosis of such tumors, due to the possibility of synchronous or colliding primary neoplasms. [1] Both regions are sites of some of the most well-studied viral-associated malignancies, including human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinomas and Epstein-Barr virus-related nasopharyngeal carcinomas. [2]该病例证明了肿瘤形态学和免疫组织化学检测在 HPV 相关口咽癌中的重要性，尽管此类肿瘤的总体预后良好，但由于可能存在同步或碰撞的原发性肿瘤。 [1] 这两个区域都是一些研究最充分的病毒相关恶性肿瘤的发生部位，包括人乳头瘤病毒相关的口咽癌和 Epstein-Barr 病毒相关的鼻咽癌。 [2]