Laser Scans
激光扫描

Laser Scans(激光扫描)研究综述

Laser Scans 激光扫描 - Eleven patients constitute the traditional helmet group, with helmet design based on laser scans. ^[1] We leverage the pre-trained learning model as a classifier to distinguish whether a pair of laser scans is a loop candidate. ^[2] In comparison to the methods that utilize stereo depth perception or ground-truth data from laser scans, determining depth relation using an unlabeled monocular camera proves considerably more challenging. ^[3] , markers) surrounding an aircraft, we first scan the aircraft by putting a laser scanner around the aircraft at various stations, resulting in a number of laser scans which contain the point clouds of aircraft parts as well as targets. ^[4] This goal was achieved through an in-depth archival research (documents dating back to the years between 1300 and 1666 were consulted), an analysis of Classic and Renaissance treatises, and two integrated digital survey campaigns (laser scans and photogrammetry). ^[5] tunnel wall convergence via laser scans, are carried out amongst others (start in October 2019). ^[6] However, such networks are usually supervised by sparse and noisy depth data, from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) laser scans, and are carried out at high computational cost, requiring high-performance Graphic Processing Units (GPUs). ^[7] The Design ofExperiments (DoE) and ANOVA analysis helped in studying effects on the product geometric stabilityand deformation, of some process parameters, as powder layer thickness, hatch space and laser scanspeed. ^[8] In this study, pitting corrosion is extracted from coupons exposed to the unique inner environment of offshore structures for a duration of 528–1049 days and modelled with time by extracting their geometries, such as minor length, major length and depth using laser scans. ^[9] The most common preoperative data for digital planning were CT scans in nine cases, CBCT in six cases, and laser scans in six cases. ^[10] The modelled bodies have been reconstructed through a Reverse Engineering approach and computer-aided design tools starting from tomographic images of anatomic bodies and from laser scans of a physical MAD. ^[11] The main shortcoming of Option 2 is that is does not allow simultaneous scans from both sides and registration of the laser scans from many different points can be time consuming. ^[12] 0% average recall on laser scans of outdoor vegetation, more than double the performance of our closest, learning-based competitors. ^[13] The microstructures obtained from built cubes revealed built patterns representative of the laser scans after solidification of the molten powder. ^[14] 3D photogrammetry and laser scans were more preferred and directly printing the prosthesis was favored in various instance. ^[15] In this paper, we propose a novel method to accurately and automatically reconstruct detailed 3D tree models from laser scans. ^[16] The effects of laser energy, number of laser scans, and scanning speed on groove width and depth were investigated. ^[17] A sub-map is made up of a certain number of laser scans. ^[18] The next layer of powder is then distributed and the laser scans again. ^[19] In the current work, aligned multimodal datasets have been gathered to address this challenge: habitat geometry (laser scans), acoustic scene (biomimetic active sonar system), bat flight trajectories (infrared camera array), and biosonar behavior (microphone array). ^[20] A detailed finite element model of the monument was generated from the as-found geometry captured by laser scans. ^[21] This study’s objective was to determine the accuracy of using current computed tomography (CT) scan and software techniques for rapid prototyping by quantifying the margin of error between CT models and laser scans of canine skull specimens. ^[22] When the stitching of the laser scans is done on the fly, the floor plan of a large building can be measured with adequate accuracy in a short period of time. ^[23] The diagnosis of this condition is performed using asymmetry indexes that are estimated from specific anatomical landmarks, whose are manually defined on head models acquired using laser scans. ^[24] Measurements were taken on 3D polygonal models of hipbones collected using laser scans. ^[25] METHODS Three-dimensional virtual renderings were created from laser scans of the articular surfaces of the dorsal distal hamate and the volar MP bases of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers from cadaveric hands of 25 individuals. ^[26] Laser scans of the House of the Cryptoporticus, Pompeii using a Faro Focus X330D laser scanner. ^[27] Based on the integration of laser scans, sedimentology, geochemistry, archeobotany, geometric morphometrics and photogrammetry, here we present evidence testifying that a Palaeolithic group of people explored a deep cave in northern Italy about 14 ky cal. ^[28] Images and laser scans have to be oriented and registered to obtain accurate metric data about different areas and the related metric information (e. ^[29] The method utilizes point clouds from laser scans of log surfaces and grayscale images of boards. ^[30] Ground-based measurements can be complemented by new light-weight sensors on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or laser scans from canopy cranes or towers. ^[31] Laser scans were also used to obtain a digital representation of inner volumes of the structure. ^[32] Five fragmental rockfalls were simulated using the technique, with slope and rockfall geometries constructed from high-resolution terrestrial laser scans. ^[33] ,Scan to as-built BIM is a digital alternative to manual and tedious process of documentation of as-built condition of a facility and provides a detail process using laser scans to create as-built building information models of facilities. ^[34] Wrinkle wavelength and depth are controlled by the prestrain, the laser power, and the speed at which the laser scans the film surface. ^[35] We present a method to quantify a vista space’s spatial configuration by generating highly precise isovists based on laser scans. ^[36]
11名患者构成了传统的头盔组，头盔设计基于激光扫描。 ^[1] 我们利用预训练的学习模型作为分类器来区分一对激光扫描是否是循环候选。 ^[2] 与利用立体深度感知或来自激光扫描的真实数据的方法相比，使用未标记的单目相机确定深度关系更具挑战性。 ^[3] , 标记）围绕飞机，我们首先通过在飞机周围的各个站点放置激光扫描仪来扫描飞机，从而产生包含飞机部件和目标点云的多次激光扫描。 ^[4] 这一目标是通过深入的档案研究（查阅可追溯到 1300 年至 1666 年间的文件）、对古典和文艺复兴论文的分析以及两个综合数字调查活动（激光扫描和摄影测量）来实现的。 ^[5] 通过激光扫描进行隧道壁收敛，其中包括（从 2019 年 10 月开始）。 ^[6] 然而，此类网络通常由来自光检测和测距 (LiDAR) 激光扫描的稀疏和嘈杂的深度数据监督，并且以高计算成本执行，需要高性能图形处理单元 (GPU)。 ^[7] 实验设计 (DoE) 和 ANOVA 分析有助于研究某些工艺参数（如粉末层厚度、孵化空间和激光扫描速度）对产品几何稳定性和变形的影响。 ^[8] 在这项研究中，从暴露于海上结构独特内部环境 528-1049 天的试样中提取点腐蚀，并通过使用激光扫描提取其几何形状（例如次要长度、主要长度和深度）随时间建模。 ^[9] 数字化计划最常见的术前数据是 9 例 CT 扫描、6 例 CBCT 和 6 例激光扫描。 ^[10] 通过逆向工程方法和计算机辅助设计工具，从解剖体的断层图像和物理 MAD 的激光扫描开始，对建模的身体进行了重建。 ^[11] 选项 2 的主要缺点是不允许从两侧同时扫描，并且从许多不同点进行激光扫描的配准可能很耗时。 ^[12] 激光扫描户外植被的平均召回率为 0%，是我们最接近的基于学习的竞争对手的两倍多。 ^[13] 从构建的立方体获得的微结构揭示了代表熔融粉末凝固后激光扫描的构建图案。 ^[14] 3D 摄影测量和激光扫描更受青睐，并且在各种情况下直接打印假体受到青睐。 ^[15] 在本文中，我们提出了一种新方法，可以从激光扫描中准确、自动地重建详细的 3D 树模型。 ^[16] 研究了激光能量、激光扫描次数和扫描速度对凹槽宽度和深度的影响。 ^[17] 子图由一定数量的激光扫描组成。 ^[18] 然后分布下一层粉末，激光再次扫描。 ^[19] 在目前的工作中，已经收集了对齐的多模式数据集来应对这一挑战：栖息地几何（激光扫描）、声学场景（仿生主动声纳系统）、蝙蝠飞行轨迹（红外相机阵列）和生物声纳行为（麦克风阵列）。 ^[20] 纪念碑的详细有限元模型是根据激光扫描捕获的原始几何形状生成的。 ^[21] 本研究的目的是通过量化 CT 模型和犬头骨标本激光扫描之间的误差范围来确定使用当前计算机断层扫描 (CT) 扫描和软件技术进行快速原型制作的准确性。 ^[22] 当激光扫描的拼接在飞行中完成时，可以在短时间内以足够的精度测量大型建筑物的平面图。 ^[23] 这种情况的诊断是使用根据特定解剖标志估计的不对称指标进行的，这些指标是在使用激光扫描获得的头部模型上手动定义的。 ^[24] 对使用激光扫描收集的髋骨 3D 多边形模型进行测量。 ^[25] 方法 从 25 个人的尸体手上，通过对背侧钩骨远端关节面和食指、中指、无名指和小指的掌侧 MP 基部的激光扫描创建 3D 虚拟渲染。 ^[26] 使用 Faro Focus X330D 激光扫描仪对 Pompeii 的 Cryptoporticus 之家进行激光扫描。 ^[27] 基于激光扫描、沉积学、地球化学、考古植物学、几何形态测量学和摄影测量学的整合，我们在此提供证据证明，一群旧石器时代的人在意大利北部探索了一个大约 14 ky cal 的深洞穴。 ^[28] 必须对图像和激光扫描进行定向和配准，以获得有关不同区域的准确度量数据和相关度量信息（例如， ^[29] 该方法利用来自激光扫描原木表面和板灰度图像的点云。 ^[30] 地面测量可以通过无人驾驶飞行器 (UAV) 上的新型轻型传感器或天篷起重机或塔架的激光扫描得到补充。 ^[31] 激光扫描也用于获得结构内部体积的数字表示。 ^[32] 使用该技术模拟了五个碎石落石，其中 由高分辨率地面构建的斜坡和落石几何图形 激光扫描。 ^[33] ,Scan to as-built BIM 是一种数字化替代方法，可替代人工和繁琐的设施竣工条件文档过程，并提供使用激光扫描创建设施竣工建筑信息模型的详细过程。 ^[34] 皱纹的波长和深度由预应变、激光功率和激光扫描薄膜表面的速度控制。 ^[35] 我们提出了一种方法，通过基于激光扫描生成高度精确的 isovis 来量化 vista 空间的空间配置。 ^[36]

Terrestrial Laser Scans 地面激光扫描

We combined terrestrial laser scans and a root excavation campaign in the tropical planted Sardinilla forest experiment with annual diameter-at-breast height measurements to test how the crowns and root systems of five tropical tree species (N = 128) varied with biotic neighbourhood and abiotic environmental characteristics. ^[1] We verify our method in two simulated scenarios, and apply it to a time series of terrestrial laser scans of a rock glacier at two different timespans of three weeks and one year. ^[2] Tests show that at least 95% of each SfM-S model is identical to the terrestrial laser scans models within a range of ±5 cm, almost independently of the operator or smartphone model. ^[3] This work presents a novel multi-level storey separation technique as well as a novel door and window detection strategy within an end-to-end modelling software for the automated creation of 2D floor plans and 3D building models from complete terrestrial laser scans of heritage buildings. ^[4] This paper presents a fully automatic method addressing tree mapping and parameter extraction (tree position, stem diameter at breast height, stem curve, and tree height) from terrestrial laser scans in forest inventories. ^[5] The results demonstrate that a large fraction of snow accumulates in their vicinity, which compares favorably against terrestrial laser scans. ^[6] The FSS scans exhibit a similar canopy volume profile to the benchmarking terrestrial laser scans, with an r2 between 0. ^[7] Highlights: Use of different algorithms for registration of terrestrial laser scans and analysis of the data obtained. ^[8] The 3D model produced by these data can clearly resolve branch and stem structure that is comparable to terrestrial laser scans and can be acquired rapidly over large landscapes at a fraction of the cost of traditional airborne laser scanning. ^[9] The calculation or estimate of the fluxes of ice, water and sediments entering the narrow terminus at an elevation of 2875 m and leaving it at the glacier snout at 2200 m was based on glacier motion, surface and basal melt rates and on the lateral mass transport to the glacier from rock face and moraine bedrock erosion recorded from repeated terrestrial laser scans. ^[10] The main goal of our research was to design and implement an innovative target that would be suitable for accurately registering point clouds produced from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images and terrestrial laser scans. ^[11] The aim of this study is to address the methods and implications of how the dimensions of three-dimensional rockfall objects, derived from sequential terrestrial laser scans (TLSs), are measured. ^[12] The floorplan is computed from a large-scale point cloud obtained from registered terrestrial laser scans. ^[13] We use terrestrial laser scans, in situ strain gauge data and finite-element simulations to map the architecture of tall broadleaf trees and monitor their response to wind loading. ^[14] More than 50 terrestrial laser scans of a 1. ^[15] In this technical note, the authors address the methods and implications of how the surface of 3D rockfall objects, derived from sequential terrestrial laser scans (TLS), are reconstructed for volumetric analysis. ^[16] In September 2018, photogrammetric images and terrestrial laser scans were carried out as part of a measurement campaign for the three-dimensional recording of several historic churches in Tbilisi (Georgia). ^[17] In this paper, geophysical interpretations based upon an attribute analysis of ground‐penetrating radar data are combined with terrestrial laser scans, georectifications based on historical documents, maps and photographs to develop an iterative model for locating and determining the extent and integrity of subsurface historical architectural remains beneath the former recreation yard of the Alcatraz penitentiary. ^[18] Five fragmental rockfalls were simulated using the technique, with slope and rockfall geometries constructed from high-resolution terrestrial laser scans. ^[19]
我们将陆地激光扫描和热带撒丁岛种植林实验中的根部挖掘活动与年度胸径高度测量相结合，以测试五种热带树种 (N = 128) 的树冠和根系如何随生物邻域和非生物变化而变化环境特征。 ^[1] 我们在两个模拟场景中验证了我们的方法，并将其应用于在三周和一年的两个不同时间跨度的岩石冰川的地面激光扫描时间序列。 ^[2] 测试表明，每个 SfM-S 模型至少有 95% 与 ±5 cm 范围内的地面激光扫描模型相同，几乎独立于操作员或智能手机型号。 ^[3] 这项工作在端到端建模软件中提出了一种新颖的多层楼层分离技术以及新颖的门窗检测策略，用于从遗产建筑物的完整地面激光扫描中自动创建 2D 平面图和 3D 建筑模型. ^[4] 本文提出了一种全自动方法，该方法从森林清单中的地面激光扫描中解决树木映射和参数提取（树木位置、胸高处的茎直径、茎曲线和树木高度）。 ^[5] 结果表明，大部分雪积聚在它们附近，这与地面激光扫描相比是有利的。 ^[6] FSS 扫描显示出与基准地面激光扫描类似的冠层体积分布，r2 介于 0 之间。 ^[7] 亮点：使用不同的算法注册地面激光扫描和分析获得的数据。 ^[8] 这些数据生成的 3D 模型可以清楚地解析与地面激光扫描相媲美的枝干结构，并且可以以传统机载激光扫描成本的一小部分在大型景观中快速获取。 ^[9] 冰、水和沉积物在海拔 2875 米处进入狭窄终点并在 2200 米处离开冰川口的流量的计算或估计是基于冰川运动、表面和基础融化速率以及横向质量传输从重复的地面激光扫描记录的岩面和冰碛基岩侵蚀到冰川。 ^[10] 我们研究的主要目标是设计和实施一个创新的目标，该目标适用于准确记录无人机 (UAV) 图像和地面激光扫描产生的点云。 ^[11] 目的 这项研究的目的是解决方法和影响如何 三维落石物体的尺寸，源自顺序 测量地面激光扫描 (TLS)。 ^[12] 平面图是根据从注册的地面激光扫描获得的大规模点云计算的。 ^[13] nan ^[14] nan ^[15] nan ^[16] nan ^[17] nan ^[18] nan ^[19]

3d Laser Scans 3d 激光扫描

Digital fracture maps rendered using high resolution 3D laser scans are analyzed for fracture morphology and roughness. ^[1] This work presents an extension of graph-based SLAM methods to exploit the potential of 3D laser scans for loop detection. ^[2] This study uses 3D laser scans of paired pubic symphyses for 88 documented White males. ^[3] To systematically quantify the reproducibility of such methods, we investigate the intrascan variability and within‐ and between‐observer reliability in initial scan data capturing and editing using 3D laser scans of the Suchey–Brooks pubic symphysis casts and five shape‐based computational methods. ^[4] We describe an efficient detector for medium-sized objects in 3D laser scans and apply it to detect the manipulation panel. ^[5] accuracy, 161 admixture, 31, 161, 177 “An Admixture Approach to Trihybrid Ancestry Variation in the Philippines with Implications for Forensic Anthropology,” 177 afffijinity analysis, 177 age, 301 “Age-at-Death Estimation for Modern Populations in Mexico and Puerto Rico through the Use of 3D Laser Scans of the Pubic Symphysis,” 213 Akpa, B. ^[6] By estimating the total volume of material transferred using 3D laser scans, human control was found to have the highest performance, though the NN outperformed the heuristic controller. ^[7]
分析使用高分辨率 3D 激光扫描渲染的数字断裂图的断裂形态和粗糙度。 ^[1] 这项工作提出了基于图形的 SLAM 方法的扩展，以利用 3D 激光扫描的潜力进行循环检测。 ^[2] 这项研究使用 3D 激光扫描对 88 名有记录的白人男性配对的耻骨联合。 ^[3] 为了系统地量化这些方法的可重复性，我们使用 Sukey-Brooks 耻骨联合模型的 3D 激光扫描和五种基于形状的计算方法研究了初始扫描数据捕获和编辑中的扫描内变异性以及观察者内部和观察者之间的可靠性。 ^[4] 我们在 3D 激光扫描中描述了一种用于中型物体的高效检测器，并将其应用于检测操作面板。 ^[5] 准确度，161 混合，31、161、177 “An Admixture Approach to Trihybrid Ancestry Variation in the Philippines with Implications for Forensic Anthropology”，177 相似性分析，177 年龄，301“墨西哥和波多黎各现代人口的死亡年龄估计Rico 通过使用 3D 激光扫描耻骨联合，”213 Akpa, B. ^[6] nan ^[7]

Pulse Laser Scans

First, a high-energy nanosecond pulse laser scans the metal surface submerged in water using a large spatial increment and a fast processing speed. ^[1] The high-energy nanosecond pulse laser scans the metal surface in air. ^[2] First, a high-energy nanosecond pulse laser scans the metal surface submerged in water using a large spatial increment and a fast processing speed. ^[3]
首先，高能纳秒脉冲激光以较大的空间增量和较快的处理速度扫描浸没在水中的金属表面。 ^[1] 高能纳秒脉冲激光在空气中扫描金属表面。 ^[2] 首先，高能纳秒脉冲激光以较大的空间增量和较快的处理速度扫描浸没在水中的金属表面。 ^[3]

152 Laser Scans

To do so, we contrast six variables estimated from 152 laser scans of coral colonies that ranged across seven growth form categories and three orders of magnitude of size. ^[1] We contrast six variables estimated from 152 laser scans of coral colonies that ranged across seven growth form categories and three orders of magnitude of size. ^[2]
为此，我们对比了从 152 个珊瑚群落的激光扫描中估计的六个变量，这些变量分布在七个生长形式类别和三个数量级的大小上。 ^[1] 我们对比了从 152 个珊瑚群落的激光扫描估计的六个变量，这些群落分布在七个生长形式类别和三个数量级的大小。 ^[2]

Continuou Laser Scans

A continuous laser scans the target by creating a hot spot that is acquired by a thermal camera. ^[1] In the outdoor unstructured environment, the relative displacement and rotation angle of the continuous laser scans are large due to the dynamic motion of the quadruped robots. ^[2]
连续激光通过创建由热像仪获取的热点来扫描目标。 ^[1] 在室外非结构化环境中，由于四足机器人的动态运动，连续激光扫描的相对位移和旋转角度较大。 ^[2]

D Laser Scans

This concept makes it possible to alleviate the lack of large datasets of 3-D laser scans with point-wise annotations for non-stationary objects. ^[1] Aerial photographs and 3-D laser scans of a 90-m high star dune at the Crescent Moon Spring scenic spot in Dunhuang, China, are used to investigate the changes in dune morphology on timescales from months to decades. ^[2]
这个概念使得可以通过对非静止物体的逐点注释来缓解 3-D 激光扫描的大型数据集的缺乏。 ^[1] nan ^[2]

Containing Laser Scans

The methods are tested using an experimental dataset containing laser scans and Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) navigation data. ^[1] However, the wide diversity of on-board sensor configurations makes the deployment of published algorithms into real platforms a hard task, due to the scarcity of annotated datasets containing laser scans. ^[2]
这些方法使用包含激光扫描和自主水下航行器 (AUV) 导航数据的实验数据集进行测试。 ^[1] nan