Hydrogen Technologies(氢技术)研究综述
Hydrogen Technologies 氢技术 - The annual report of the Institute for Nuclear and Energy Technologies of KIT summarizes its research activities and provides some highlights of each working group, like thermal-hydraulic analyses for fusion reactors, accident analyses for light water reactors, and research on innovative energy technologies: liquid metal technologies for energy conversion, hydrogen technologies and geothermal power plants. [1] Development of scientific and engineering solutions to improve the reliability of power supply of stand-alone systems and mitigate the environmental burden by using hydrogen technologies for energy storage. [2] It reviews recent developments of hydrogen technologies, their social, industrial, and environmental standing, as well as the stage of transitioning economies of both advanced and beginner countries. [3] The wide range of these findings reflects the large uncertainties in estimates of how hydrogen technologies will develop over the course of the next thirty years. [4] It was highlighted that application of the transborder carbon tax, hydrogen technologies and announced decarbonization can become instruments of effective impact resulting in considerable decrease of market of both energy and coking coals. [5] Despite ongoing efforts, hydrogen technologies are often assessed focusing on their global warming potential while overlooking other impacts, or at most including additional metrics that are not easily interpretable. [6] Hydrogen technologies have received increased attention in research and development to foster the shift towards carbon-neutral energy systems. [7] While the abatement cost vastly exceeds current European emission certificate prices, a sensitivity analysis shows that projected future developments in Power-to-Hydrogen technologies can greatly reduce the direct CO2 abatement cost to 54 EUR/t CO2-eq. [8] Yet, for the implementation of hydrogen technologies on a large scale it is necessary to consider social acceptance. [9] Hydrogen technologies are emerging technologies that, with sufficient policy support, can also become established and provide valuable energy services. [10] This article discusses the prospects for the use of hydrogen technologies in conjunction with renewable energy sources. [11] The energy efficiency of buildings can be improved by using hydrogen technologies, such as fuel cells, hydrogen gas turbines, innovative hydrogen storage and distribution systems, etc. [12] Therefore, the article analyzes the problems of electricity that can be solved through the use of hydrogen technologies. [13] This Ga-based plasmon-catalytic platform expands the application of supported plasmon-catalysis to hydrogen technologies, including reversible fast hydrogen sensing in a timescale of a few seconds with a limit of detection as low as 5 ppm and in a broad temperature range from room-temperature up to 600 °C while remaining stable and reusable over an extended period of time. [14] Consider the use of hydrogen technologies in energy. [15] The purpose of this paper is to obtain relevant data on materials that are the most commonly used in fuel-cell and hydrogen technologies. [16] This article deals with the design and implementation of regulation and visualization of the cooling system of hydrogen technologies in the research unit CENET (Centre of Energy Utilization of Non-traditional Energy Sources) at VSB-TU Ostrava. [17] This paper reviews the current progress and outlook of hydrogen technologies and their application in power systems for hydrogen production, re-electrification and storage. [18] The article presents a brief history of the development of engine building and a description of hydrogen technologies in engines. [19] In this context, hydrogen technologies are a promising alternative to work towards this goal. [20] Finally, current project activities are described to provide a clear understanding of both the status and trajectory of hybrid and hydrogen technologies in the established context. [21] To increase the efficiency of energy resources, operational reliability, loss reduction and environmental safety the possibilities of trigeneration are considered with application of fuel cells, hydrogen technologies and RE-components that are expedient to use for additional electric energy production. [22] Due to the high volatility of energy generation and the related dynamic interdependencies within a factory system, a valid technical, economic and environmental evaluation of benefits induced by hydrogen technologies can only be achieved using digital factory models. [23] Please enjoy the following summary of three selected papers on the role of natural gas in fuel-switching; carbon capture, use, and storage (CCUS); and hydrogen technologies that deliver the dual challenge of providing more energy with less GHG emission. [24] One of the approaches to green energy of interest in recent years is through the use of hydrogen technologies in which the waste product of combustion is water rather than carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides, and other pollutants generated by the burning of hydrocarbon fuels. [25] The results reveal that: (i) Japan’s share of emissions from industries may increase by 2050, highlighting the difficulties in achieving industrial decarbonization under the prevailing industrial policies; (ii) the emission reduction in steelmaking will play a key role, which can be achieved by the implementation of carbon capture and expansion of hydrogen technologies after 2040; (iii) even under mitigation scenarios, electrification and the use of biomass use in Japan’s industries will continue to be limited in 2050, suggesting a low possibility of large-scale fuel switching or end-use decarbonization. [26] The reasons are the unprecedented pace of development of hydrogen technologies. [27] The paper adopted analytical models of energy generation of fuel cell and hydrogen technologies and further performs their assessment using HOMER software. [28] Finally, two methods to evaluate the efficiency of biohydrogen technologies are explained in Section 1. [29] The installation of charging stations for electric vehicles or use of hydrogen technologies and modern storage systems can provide grid balance. [30] Development of hydrogen technologies and fuel cells in Ukraine have a long history, also. [31] The paper also presents the results of country-specific case studies considering different nuclear reactors and hydrogen technologies. [32] Understanding the impact of biohydrogen technologies on the environment is a key factor in deciding which technologies to employ for making efficient use of our energy resources, while tackling climate change. [33] In the particular case of hydrogen technologies, the activities of the platform are mainly focused on supporting the new Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU) initiative involving regions and cities. [34] Nine different renewable energy systems are considered based on photovoltaic (PV), wind turbines (WT) and combinations thereof, including battery banks and hydrogen technologies. [35] Hydrogen technologies can play an important role in decarbonising our energy system in a variety of ways across the energy value chain. [36] While some embrittlement mechanisms have been proposed (especially for Fe), the behavior of dissolved hydrogen and impact on material properties is not fully understood in many systems relevant to hydrogen technologies. [37] The key advantage of this technology is that a complete conversion of organic waste to hydrogen can be achieved theoretically unlike other biohydrogen technologies that are limited by their theoretical conversion efficiencies. [38] This study aims to show the extent of consequence analysis influence on overall quantitative risk assessment of hydrogen technologies and propose a systematic approach for integration of overall results. [39] Although activities in hydrogen technologies in the Czech Republic date back to the 60'ies of the 20th century, significant progress in research and implementation appeared only in the 21st century. [40] Increasing the efficiency of hydrogen cycles at NPPs ensures the further development of environmentally friendly energy based on nuclear-hydrogen technologies and the possibility of efficient loading of NPPs in condition of an uneven schedule of power consumption in the country's energy systems. [41] This provides the further development of clean energy based on atomic-hydrogen technologies. [42] Comparison and evaluation of different possibilities for energy storage (HPSPP, batteries, hydrogen technologies, etc. [43] Interactions of atomic cations with molecular hydrogen are of interest for a wide range of applications in hydrogen technologies. [44] With this research, the Gas Tank Testing Facility supports JRC's mission to provide policy makers and stakeholders with independent assessments of hydrogen technologies in terms of performance efficiency, safety and reliability. [45] This study provides an inspection of the hydrogen technologies that range from the ways to produce hydrogen from renewable energy sources to their different storage alternatives. [46] Hydrogen technologies have experienced cycles of excessive expectations followed by disillusion. [47] Biogas and biohydrogen technologies are charted. [48] In particular, electrochemical solar-to-hydrogen technologies have attracted a lot of interest—not only in academia, but also in industry. [49] The research introduces a technical solution that is aimed at the decrease in toxic emissions, better smog tests, and less fuel consumption in an internal combustion engine of vehicles as a result of using aluminium and hydrogen technologies. [50]KIT 核与能源技术研究所的年度报告总结了其研究活动并提供了每个工作组的一些亮点，例如聚变反应堆的热工水力分析、轻水反应堆的事故分析以及创新能源技术的研究：液体用于能源转换的金属技术、氢技术和地热发电厂。 [1] 开发科学和工程解决方案，以提高独立系统供电的可靠性，并通过使用氢技术进行储能来减轻环境负担。 [2] 它回顾了氢技术的最新发展、其社会、工业和环境地位，以及先进国家和初学者国家的经济转型阶段。 [3] 这些发现的广泛范围反映了对未来三十年氢技术将如何发展的估计存在很大的不确定性。 [4] 有人强调，跨境碳税、氢技术的应用和宣布的脱碳可以成为有效影响的工具，导致能源和焦煤市场大幅下降。 [5] 尽管一直在努力，但氢技术的评估通常侧重于其全球变暖潜力，而忽略其他影响，或者最多包括不易解释的其他指标。 [6] 氢技术在研发中受到越来越多的关注，以促进向碳中和能源系统的转变。 [7] 虽然减排成本大大超过了当前的欧洲排放证书价格，但敏感性分析表明，电力制氢技术的预计未来发展可以将直接二氧化碳减排成本大幅降低至 54 欧元/吨二氧化碳当量。 [8] 然而，为了大规模实施氢技术，有必要考虑社会接受度。 [9] 氢技术是新兴技术，在足够的政策支持下，也可以建立并提供有价值的能源服务。 [10] 本文讨论了氢技术与可再生能源结合使用的前景。 [11] 使用氢技术可以提高建筑物的能源效率，例如燃料电池、氢气涡轮机、创新的氢储存和分配系统等。 [12] 因此，本文分析了可以通过使用氢技术解决的电力问题。 [13] 这种基于 Ga 的等离子体催化平台扩展了支持等离子体催化在氢技术中的应用，包括在几秒的时间尺度内进行可逆的快速氢传感，检测限低至 5 ppm，并且在室温的宽温度范围内- 温度高达 600 °C，同时在较长时间内保持稳定和可重复使用。 [14] 考虑在能源中使用氢技术。 [15] 本文的目的是获取燃料电池和氢技术中最常用的材料的相关数据。 [16] 本文介绍了 VSB-TU Ostrava 研究单位 CENET（非传统能源的能源利用中心）中氢技术冷却系统的调节和可视化的设计和实施。 [17] 本文回顾了氢技术的当前进展和展望及其在电力系统中用于制氢、再电气化和储存的应用。 [18] 本文简要介绍了发动机制造的发展历史，并描述了发动机中的氢技术。 [19] 在这种情况下，氢技术是实现这一目标的有希望的替代方案。 [20] 最后，描述了当前的项目活动，以清楚地了解混合动力和氢技术在既定背景下的状态和轨迹。 [21] 为了提高能源资源的效率、运行可靠性、减少损失和环境安全，考虑使用燃料电池、氢技术和可用于额外电能生产的可再生能源组件来实现三联产的可能性。 [22] 由于能源生产的高波动性以及工厂系统内相关的动态相互依赖性，只有使用数字工厂模型才能对氢技术带来的效益进行有效的技术、经济和环境评估。 [23] 请欣赏以下关于天然气在燃料转换中的作用的三篇精选论文的摘要；碳捕获、使用和储存（CCUS）；氢技术带来了双重挑战，即以更少的温室气体排放提供更多的能源。 [24] 近年来，人们关注的绿色能源方法之一是使用氢技术，其中燃烧的废物是水而不是二氧化碳、一氧化二氮和其他由碳氢燃料燃烧产生的污染物。 [25] 结果表明： (i) 到 2050 年，日本在工业排放中所占的份额可能会增加，这凸显了在现行产业政策下实现工业脱碳的难度； (ii) 炼钢减排将发挥关键作用，2040年后可通过实施碳捕集和氢能技术扩展来实现； (iii) 即使在缓解情景下，2050 年日本工业的电气化和生物质使用仍将受到限制，这表明大规模燃料转换或最终用途脱碳的可能性很小。 [26] 原因是氢技术空前的发展速度。 [27] 本文采用燃料电池发电和氢技术的分析模型，并进一步利用 HOMER 软件对其进行评估。 [28] 最后，第 1 节解释了两种评估生物氢技术效率的方法。 [29] 安装电动汽车充电站或使用氢技术和现代存储系统可以提供电网平衡。 [30] 乌克兰氢技术和燃料电池的发展也有着悠久的历史。 [31] 本文还介绍了考虑不同核反应堆和氢技术的国家特定案例研究的结果。 [32] 了解生物氢技术对环境的影响是决定采用哪些技术来有效利用我们的能源资源，同时应对气候变化的关键因素。 [33] 在氢技术的特殊情况下，该平台的活动主要集中在支持涉及地区和城市的新燃料电池和氢联合承诺 (FCH JU) 倡议。 [34] 基于光伏 (PV)、风力涡轮机 (WT) 及其组合，考虑了九种不同的可再生能源系统，包括电池组和氢技术。 [35] 氢技术可以在整个能源价值链中以多种方式在我们的能源系统脱碳方面发挥重要作用。 [36] 虽然已经提出了一些脆化机制（特别是对于 Fe），但在许多与氢技术相关的系统中，溶解氢的行为和对材料性能的影响尚未完全了解。 [37] 该技术的关键优势在于理论上可以实现有机废物向氢气的完全转化，这与其他受其理论转化效率限制的生物氢技术不同。 [38] 本研究旨在展示后果分析对氢技术整体定量风险评估的影响程度，并提出一种整合整体结果的系统方法。 [39] 尽管捷克共和国的氢技术活动可以追溯到 20 世纪 60 年代，但研究和实施方面的重大进展直到 21 世纪才出现。 [40] 提高核电厂氢循环的效率确保了基于核氢技术的环保能源的进一步发展，以及在该国能源系统电力消耗计划不均衡的情况下核电厂有效负荷的可能性。 [41] 这提供了基于原子氢技术的清洁能源的进一步发展。 [42] 不同储能可能性（HPSPP、电池、氢技术等）的比较和评估。 [43] 原子阳离子与分子氢的相互作用对于氢技术中的广泛应用具有重要意义。 [44] 通过这项研究，储气罐测试设施支持 JRC 的使命，即为政策制定者和利益相关者提供对氢技术在性能效率、安全性和可靠性方面的独立评估。 [45] 这项研究对氢技术进行了检查，范围从可再生能源生产氢的方式到不同的存储替代方案。 [46] 氢技术经历了过度期望和幻灭的循环。 [47] 绘制了沼气和生物氢技术。 [48] 特别是，电化学太阳能制氢技术引起了极大的兴趣——不仅在学术界，而且在工业界。 [49] 该研究介绍了一种技术解决方案，旨在通过使用铝和氢技术来减少车辆内燃机的有毒排放、更好的烟雾测试和更少的燃料消耗。 [50]
Sustainable Hydrogen Technologies
Currently, the use of new energy vehicles operating on green sustainable hydrogen technologies, such as batteries or fuel cells, has been the focus for reducing the mobility induced emissions. [1] The production of chemical fuels is at the heart of sustainable hydrogen technologies. [2] This review discusses various strategies and mechanisms in the design of adsorbents explored to improve H2 storage capacities and afford opportunities to develop new sustainable hydrogen technologies to meet energy targets. [3]目前，使用基于绿色可持续氢技术的新能源汽车，如电池或燃料电池，一直是减少流动性排放的重点。 [1] 化学燃料的生产是可持续氢技术的核心。 [2] 本综述讨论了吸附剂设计中的各种策略和机制，旨在提高储氢能力，并为开发新的可持续氢技术以实现能源目标提供机会。 [3]
Green Hydrogen Technologies 绿色氢技术
A major opportunity is identified for sorption-enhanced ammonia synthesis in the context of green hydrogen technologies. [1] The high-fidelity numerical model could potentially serve as an advanced tool for engineers and scientists to carefully design, optimize, and guide-the scale up and commercialization of novel solar particle receivers, particle heat exchangers, and various other industrial applications such as solar gasification (syngas) and green hydrogen technologies. [2] Fuel cell and green hydrogen technologies are a promising option to decarbonize HDVs, as their fast refueling and long vehicle ranges are in line with current logistic operation concepts. [3]在绿色氢技术的背景下，吸附增强氨合成的主要机会被确定。 [1] 高保真数值模型可能成为工程师和科学家仔细设计、优化和指导新型太阳能粒子接收器、粒子热交换器和各种其他工业应用（如太阳能气化）的放大和商业化的先进工具（合成气）和绿色氢技术。 [2] 燃料电池和绿色氢技术是 HDV 脱碳的一个有前途的选择，因为它们的快速加油和长续航里程符合当前的物流运营理念。 [3]