Global Modeling(全局建模)研究综述
Global Modeling 全局建模 - We find that our spatially resolved measurements can be well reproduced by a global modeling of the nebula with a log-normal temperature distribution of the plasma emission measure and a log-normal foreground absorption distribution. [1] Global modeling of the furnace was applied in order to investigate the temperature gradients and the evolution of the growth interface shape in this system. [2] 25°) global constituent prediction system from NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO). [3] The rovibrational assignments were obtained by comparison with predictions based on the global modeling of the line positions and intensities performed within the framework of the method of effective operators. [4] The process of optimizing the executive power system in Russia requires the use of modern implementation techniques and technologies, including global modeling and the use of electronic technologies in the analysis, forecasting, design (modeling) and management of the formation, functioning and development of state and public institutions. [5] Multiscale mobility modeling has made use of the enormous computational power to do global modeling,5 initially in the context of seasonal influenza, but with the ability to pivot to be used to other emerging infectious diseases. [6] 0, a chemical weather prediction system that can be used for regional and global modeling at a range of resolutions. [7] We show through ambient observations and global modeling that a dominant loss pathway for HPMTF is uptake into cloud droplets. [8] 0, a chemical weather prediction system that can be used for regional and global modeling at a range of resolutions. [9] The Global Modeling and Assimilation Office OSSE system, which includes a full suite of operational meteorological observations, served as the control. [10] The complete lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the improvement of air quality across the countries particularly in developing countries including India This study aims to assess the air quality by monitoring major atmospheric pollutants such as AOD, CO, PM2 5, NO2, O3 and SO2 in 15 major cities of India using Air Quality Zonal Modeling The study is based on two different data sources;(a) grid data (MODIS- Terra, MERRA-2, OMI and AIRS, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA) and (b) ground monitoring station data provided by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) / State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) The remotely sensed data demonstrated that the concentration of PM2 5 has declined by 14%, about 30% of NO2 in million-plus cities, 2 06% CO, SO2 within the range of 5 to 60%, whereas the concentration of O3 has increased by 1 to 3% in majority of cities compared with pre lockdown On the other hand, CPCB/SPCB data showed more than 40% decrease in PM2 5 and 47% decrease in PM10 in north Indian cities, more than 35% decrease in NO2 in metropolitan cities, more than 85% decrease in SO2 in Chennai and Nagpur and more than 17% increase in O3 in five cities amid 43 days pandemic lockdown The restrictions of anthropogenic activities have substantial effect on the emission of primary atmospheric pollutants © 2021 Elsevier B V. [11] The main feature of the proposed strategy is using Bezier surfaces for global modeling of inclusions. [12] A transformer-based dual-path system is proposed, which integrates transform layers for global modeling. [13] The convolution operation suffers from a limited receptive field, while global modeling is fundamental to dense prediction tasks, such as semantic segmentation. [14] This article proposes a local–global modeling and distributed computing framework to achieve efficient fault detection and isolation for nonlinear plant-wide processes. [15] The Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) is about to release a new version of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Subseasonal to Seasonal prediction (S2S) system, GEOS‐S2S‐3, that represents an improvement in performance and infrastructure over the previous system, GEOS-S2S-2. [16] Global modeling of the evolution of plasma species densities in response to an electric field typical of atmospheric pressure pulsed discharges was performed with the two approaches to electron kinetics. [17] To this date, a global modeling the form of the W index, has been used for the prediction. [18] While there is much enhancement of global modeling that would be helpful and can be expected, we should also recognize and celebrate the tremendous progress of the field in its first half century. [19] Advantages and compromises between FDTD, ADI-FDTD, and iterative ADI-FDTD-based global modeling are discussed and conclusions are summarized. [20] We discuss the global modeling of the properties of the Galactic Magnetic Field (GMF). [21] In this study we compare the satellite-based GOME-type Total Ozone Essential Climate Variable (GTO-ECV) record, generated as part of the European Space Agency’s Climate Change Initiative (ESA-CCI) ozone project, with the Adjusted total ozone product from the Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (AdjustedMERRA) reanalysis, produced at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO). [22] An issue of global modeling is discussed, which includes modeling for solid conveying, melting, melt flow, and co-operation of the screw/die system. [23] Already late in that decade, emerging attention to climate change and other biophysical impacts of human activity energized the development of the many integrated assessment models (IAMs) that now constitute the main thrust of global modeling. [24] Nested modeling is the method which support the gradual process of decision-making; it is the nested loop process which consists of problem formulation, test, refining the problem, similarity modeling and global modeling, etc. [25] The enterprise of global modeling has advanced dramatically over the last half century, but it must continue to recognize and address its weaknesses. [26] A novel optimization approach solving the filling imbalance problem and a novel concept of global modeling of injection molding process are also discussed. [27] This study examines the SOA yields from these two pathways independently, which improves the interpretation of previous results and provides further understanding of the relevance of chamber SOA yields to the atmosphere and regional/global modeling. [28] This study examines the SOA yields from these two pathways independently, which improves the interpretation of previous results and provides further understanding of the relevance of chamber SOA yields to the atmosphere and regional or global modeling. [29] Global modeling, simulation, and measurement results demonstrate that the PHE is limited by PCB/package parasitic capacitance and that PCB/packaging technology improvement to reduce parasitic capacitance by 150 fF could boost the PHE up to 45% for a low incident RF power level of −10 dBm. [30] METHODS AND RESULTS: For agro-climatic zonation, monthly mean temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation data from Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, USA) between 1980 and 2010 were collected. [31] The global modeling of an unbiased/biased ungated high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is presented. [32] Statistical modeling of data sets by neural-network techniques is offered as an alternative to traditional semi-empirical approaches to global modeling of nuclear properties. [33] Output from six models was provided by the participants of the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) and NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO). [34]我们发现，我们的空间分辨测量可以通过星云的全局模型很好地再现，该模型具有等离子体发射测量的对数正态温度分布和对数正态前景吸收分布。 [1] 应用熔炉的全局建模来研究该系统中的温度梯度和生长界面形状的演变。 [2] 25°) 来自 NASA 全球建模和同化办公室 (GMAO) 的全球成分预测系统。 [3] 振动分配是通过与基于在有效算子方法框架内执行的线位置和强度的全局建模的预测进行比较而获得的。 [4] 优化俄罗斯行政权力系统的过程需要使用现代实施技术和技术，包括全球建模和在分析、预测、设计（建模）和管理国家的形成、运作和发展中使用电子技术和公共机构。 [5] 多尺度流动性建模利用巨大的计算能力进行全球建模，5 最初是在季节性流感的背景下，但具有转向用于其他新兴传染病的能力。 [6] 0，一种化学天气预报系统，可用于各种分辨率的区域和全球建模。 [7] 我们通过环境观察和全局建模表明，HPMTF 的主要损失途径是吸收到云滴中。 [8] 0，一种化学天气预报系统，可用于各种分辨率的区域和全球建模。 [9] 全球建模和同化办公室 OSSE 系统作为控制系统，其中包括一整套业务气象观测。 [10] 由于 COVID-19 大流行导致的完全封锁有助于改善各国的空气质量，特别是在包括印度在内的发展中国家。这项研究旨在通过监测主要大气污染物（如 AOD、CO、PM2 5、NO2、印度 15 个主要城市使用空气质量区域建模的 O3 和 SO2 该研究基于两个不同的数据源；(a) 网格数据（MODIS-Terra、MERRA-2、OMI 和 AIRS，全球建模和同化办公室，NASA） (b) 中央污染控制委员会 (CPCB) / 国家污染控制委员会 (SPCB) 提供的地面监测站数据 遥感数据显示，PM2 5 的浓度下降了 14%，约为 NO2 的 30%，以百万计加上城市，2 06% CO、SO2 在 5% 到 60% 的范围内，而 O3 的浓度在大多数城市比封锁前增加了 1% 到 3% 另一方面，CPCB/SPCB 数据显示超过PM2 5 下降 40% 和 12 月 47%在 43 天的大流行封锁期间，印度北部城市的 PM10 增加，大城市的二氧化氮减少了 35% 以上，钦奈和那格浦尔的二氧化硫减少了 85% 以上，五个城市的氧气增加了 17% 以上。活动对主要大气污染物的排放产生重大影响 © 2021 Elsevier B V. [11] 所提出策略的主要特点是使用贝塞尔曲面对夹杂物进行全局建模。 [12] 提出了一种基于变换器的双路径系统，该系统集成了变换层以进行全局建模。 [13] 卷积操作的感受野有限，而全局建模是密集预测任务的基础，例如语义分割。 [14] 本文提出了一种局部-全局建模和分布式计算框架，以实现非线性全厂过程的有效故障检测和隔离。 [15] 全球建模和同化办公室 (GMAO) 即将发布新版本的戈达德地球观测系统 (GEOS) 次季节到季节预测 (S2S) 系统 GEOS-S2S-3，它代表了性能和基础设施的改进。以前的系统，GEOS-S2S-2。 [16] 使用两种电子动力学方法对等离子体物质密度响应于大气压脉冲放电典型电场的演变进行了全局建模。 [17] 迄今为止，已使用 W 指数形式的全局建模来进行预测。 [18] 虽然全球建模有很大帮助并且可以预期，但我们也应该认识到并庆祝该领域在其前半个世纪的巨大进步。 [19] 讨论了 FDTD、ADI-FDTD 和基于迭代 ADI-FDTD 的全局建模之间的优缺点，并总结了结论。 [20] 我们讨论了银河磁场 (GMF) 属性的全局建模。 [21] 在这项研究中，我们将作为欧洲航天局气候变化倡议 (ESA-CCI) 臭氧项目的一部分生成的基于卫星的 GOME 型总臭氧基本气候变量 (GTO-ECV) 记录与来自调整后的总臭氧产品进行比较美国国家航空航天局 (NASA) 全球建模和同化办公室 (GMAO) 制作的现代时代研究和应用回顾分析第 2 版 (AdjustedMERRA) 再分析。 [22] 讨论了一个全局建模问题，其中包括对固体输送、熔化、熔体流动和螺杆/模具系统的协作进行建模。 [23] 在那十年后期，对气候变化和人类活动的其他生物物理影响的新兴关注推动了许多综合评估模型 (IAM) 的发展，这些模型现在构成了全球建模的主要推动力。 [24] 嵌套建模是支持渐进式决策过程的方法；它是一个嵌套循环过程，包括问题制定、测试、提炼问题、相似性建模和全局建模等。 [25] 在过去的半个世纪中，全球建模事业取得了长足的进步，但它必须继续认识到并解决其弱点。 [26] 还讨论了解决填充不平衡问题的新优化方法和注塑过程全局建模的新概念。 [27] 本研究独立检查了这两种途径的 SOA 产量，从而改进了对先前结果的解释，并进一步了解了室 SOA 产量与大气和区域/全球建模的相关性。 [28] 本研究检验了这两种途径的 SOA 收益 独立地，这改进了对先前结果的解释和 进一步了解室 SOA 产量与 大气和区域或全球建模。 [29] 全局建模、仿真和测量结果表明，PHE 受 PCB/封装寄生电容的限制，而 PCB/封装技术改进以将寄生电容降低 150 fF 可以将 PHE 提升至 45%，以实现低入射射频功率水平-10 分贝。 [30] 方法和结果：对于农业气候分区，收集了美国国家航空航天局（NASA，美国）全球模拟和同化办公室（GMAO）在 1980 年至 2010 年间的月平均温度、降水和太阳辐射数据。 [31] 提出了无偏/偏非门控高电子迁移率晶体管 (HEMT) 的全局建模。 [32] 通过神经网络技术对数据集进行统计建模，作为对核特性全局建模的传统半经验方法的替代方法。 [33] 六个模型的输出由参与者提供 化学-气候模型倡议 (CCMI) 和 NASA 的全球建模和 同化办公室（GMAO）。 [34]
global modeling initiative 全球建模倡议
A new atmospheric ozone profile climatology has been constructed by combining ozone profiles from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research Applications version 2 (MERRA2) Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) model simulation (M2GMI). [1] We developed a wet deposition model for the microscale model by improving on the global modeling initiative scheme. [2] The Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemical transport model with time-varying emissions is used to aid in the interpretation of tropospheric ozone trends for 1980–2016. [3] The Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) executed simulations for each ATom flight using the GMI Chemistry Transport Model (GMI-CTM) to provide species concentrations of chemical gases along the DC-8 flight transects. [4] This study takes advantage of these unique datasets by first evaluating in situ data taken from two different instruments on the same aircraft platform, comparing coincidently sampled profileintegrated columns from aircraft spirals with remotely sensed column observations from ground-based Pandora spectrometers, intercomparing column observations from the ground (Pandora), aircraft (in situ vertical spirals), and space (OMI), and evaluating NO2 simulations from coarse Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) and high-resolution regional models. [5] We use satellite ozone records and Global Modeling Initiative chemistry transport model simulations integrated with Modern Era Retrospective for Research and Analysis 2 meteorology to identify a metric that accurately captures the trend in Antarctic ozone attributable to the decline in ozone depleting substances (ODSs). [6] To address this issue, we present a climatological representation of diurnal variations in ozone with a 30 min temporal resolution as a function of latitude, pressure and month, based on output from the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) general circulation model coupled to the NASA Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemistry package (known as the GEOS-GMI chemistry model). [7]通过结合来自 Aura 微波测深仪 (MLS) 的臭氧剖面和用于研究应用版本 2 (MERRA2) 全球建模倡议 (GMI) 模型模拟 (M2GMI) 的现代时代回顾分析，构建了一个新的大气臭氧剖面气候学。 [1] 我们通过改进全球建模倡议方案，为微尺度模型开发了湿沉积模型。 [2] 全球建模倡议 (GMI) 化学传输模型 时变排放用于帮助解释对流层 1980-2016 年的臭氧趋势。 [3] 全球建模倡议 (GMI) 使用 GMI 化学传输模型 (GMI-CTM) 对每次 ATom 飞行进行模拟，以提供沿 DC-8 飞行横断面的化学气体的物种浓度。 [4] 本研究利用这些独特的数据集，首先评估从同一飞机平台上的两种不同仪器获取的原位数据，比较来自飞机螺旋的同时采样的剖面集成柱与来自地面 Pandora 光谱仪的遥感柱观测，比较来自地面（潘多拉）、飞机（原位垂直螺旋）和空间（OMI），并评估来自粗略全球建模倡议（GMI）和高分辨率区域模型的二氧化氮模拟。 [5] 我们使用卫星臭氧记录和全球建模倡议化学传输模型模拟与 Modern Era Retrospective for Research and Analysis 2 气象学相结合，以确定一个指标，该指标准确捕捉归因于臭氧消耗物质 (ODS) 下降的南极臭氧趋势。 [6] 为了解决这个问题，我们根据与 NASA 耦合的戈达德地球观测系统 (GEOS) 大气环流模型的输出，提出了臭氧日变化的气候学表示，其时间分辨率为 30 分钟，作为纬度、压力和月份的函数全球建模倡议 (GMI) 化学包（称为 GEOS-GMI 化学模型）。 [7]
global modeling study
The methods developed in this study can be applied to other SOA pathways, which can allow including accurate SOA simulations in climate and global modeling studies in the future. [1] We also review regional and global modeling studies that have investigated the impacts of tropospheric O3 on climate, as well as the projections of future tropospheric O3 owing to climate and/or emission changes. [2] The methods developed in this study can be applied to other SOA pathways, which can allow including accurate SOA simulations in climate and global modeling studies in the future. [3]本研究中开发的方法可以应用于其他 SOA 路径，从而可以在未来的气候和全球建模研究中包括准确的 SOA 模拟。 [1] 我们还回顾了研究对流层 O3 对气候的影响的区域和全球建模研究，以及未来对流层 O3 因气候和/或排放变化而产生的预测。 [2] 本文开发的方法 研究可以应用于其他 SOA 途径，这可以允许包括 准确的 SOA 模拟在气候和全球建模研究中 未来。 [3]
global modeling approach
Thereby, in a global modeling approach entire PCB Assemblies (PCB-A) with actively loaded power packages can be examined electro-thermo-mechanically. [1] Each of the regional scale models include high quality data (outcrop and cored borehole logs) and low quality data (water well lithology logs); however, the optimized model was constructed by seamlessly integrating the golden blocks into the regional scale model using an algorithm (producing a ‘nested’ model), whereas the non-optimized model was built using a global modeling approach. [2] Local modeling technique (memory-based learning, MBL) was introduced to compare with two global modeling approaches, namely, partial least square (PLS) and random forest (RF). [3]因此，在全局建模方法中，整个 PCB 组件 (PCB-A) 与主动加载的电源包可以进行电-热-机械检查。 [1] 每个区域尺度模型都包括高质量数据（露头和取芯钻孔测井）和低质量数据（水井岩性测井）；然而，优化模型是通过使用算法将黄金块无缝集成到区域尺度模型中构建的（生成“嵌套”模型），而非优化模型是使用全局建模方法构建的。 [2] 引入局部建模技术（基于记忆的学习，MBL）与两种全局建模方法，即偏最小二乘法（PLS）和随机森林（RF）进行比较。 [3]
global modeling technique
To study this activity, the global modeling technique was used to obtain deterministic models of ordinary differential equations directly from observational time series. [1] Time series are generated from chosen dynamical systems, and the global modeling technique is applied to obtain optimal models of parsimonious structure from these time series. [2]为了研究这项活动，使用全局建模技术直接从观测时间序列中获得常微分方程的确定性模型。 [1] 从选定的动力系统生成时间序列，并应用全局建模技术从这些时间序列中获得简约结构的最优模型。 [2]
global modeling effort
Global modeling efforts have suggested that rivers in South East Asia are in fact the main contributors to plastic transport from land to the oceans. [1] This approach will provide long‐term data to determine trends and will improve representation of processes for regional, Antarctic‐wide and global modeling efforts – thereby enhancing predictions of the WG in global ocean circulation and climate. [2]全球建模工作表明，东南亚的河流实际上是塑料从陆地到海洋的主要贡献者。 [1] 这种方法将提供长期数据以确定趋势，并将改善区域、南极范围和全球建模工作的过程代表性——从而加强对全球海洋环流和气候工作组的预测。 [2]
global modeling accuracy
31 g·kg−1) by using the combination of two optimal indices; (iii) although the global modeling accuracy was significantly lower than the local modeling accuracy due to the inconsistent salt sensitivity bands of salinized soils in different regions, combined with cross-validation analysis, the global model had the ability to predict soil salinization accurately (R2Pre = 0. [1] Since the process has to go through four different steps, each of which is a nonlinear time-varying dynamic system, the four steps constitute a large dynamic system, and the global modeling accuracy cannot be guaranteed; and the optimization problem of the nonlinear time-varying dynamic system is also a problem. [2]31 g·kg−1) 通过使用两个最优指标的组合； （iii）虽然由于不同地区盐渍化土壤盐敏感性带不一致，全局建模精度明显低于局部建模精度，但结合交叉验证分析，全局模型具有准确预测土壤盐渍化的能力（R2Pre = 0。 [1] 由于该过程要经过四个不同的步骤，每个步骤都是非线性时变动态系统，这四个步骤构成了一个大动态系统，无法保证全局建模精度；非线性时变动态系统的优化问题也是一个问题。 [2]
global modeling perspective
These results serve to illustrate a global modeling perspective and communicate the need to consider local CES in the development of effective adaptation measures. [1] Previous research that examined spatial patterns of opioid prescribing rates and factors associated with them has mainly relied on a global modeling perspective, overlooking the potential spatial non-stationarity embedded in these associations. [2]这些结果有助于说明全球建模视角，并传达在制定有效适应措施时考虑当地 CES 的必要性。 [1] 先前研究阿片类药物处方率和相关因素的空间模式主要依赖于全球建模视角，忽略了这些关联中潜在的空间非平稳性。 [2]
global modeling method
Then the surrogate-assisted RBDO methods are classified into global modeling methods and local modeling methods. [1] Traditionally, global modeling methods, which use historical data to construct models offline, are often used to develop soft sensors. [2]然后将代理辅助RBDO方法分为全局建模方法和局部建模方法。 [1] 传统上，使用历史数据离线构建模型的全局建模方法通常用于开发软传感器。 [2]