Flexible Intramedullary(灵活的髓内)研究综述
Flexible Intramedullary 灵活的髓内 - In some centers, there has been a recent trend towards surgical fixation of these fractures with flexible intramedullary nails (FINs). [1] Though most of these fractures can be treated with casting, with or without closed reduction, the orthopedic surgeon may indicate a patient for operative fixation with flexible intramedullary nailing in the setting of unacceptable malalignment, an unstable fracture, refracture, neurovascular compromise, or an open fracture. [2] The aim of this study was to investigate the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of flexible intramedullary nailing (FIN) for both open and closed tibia fractures in children, exploring the main surgical outcomes and rate of complications. [3] Description A Steinmann pin or flexible intramedullary nail is introduced percutaneously through the olecranon apophysis and advanced within the medullary canal to the ulnar fracture site. [4] INTRODUCTION The aim of this multicenter prospective study was to analyze the outcomes of bone lengthening by external fixator associated with flexible intramedullary nailing (FIN) in acquired limb length discrepancy (LLD). [5] Methods: A retrospective review of 26 children who have undergone flexible intramedullary nailing of tibial fractures and 30 children with rigid nailing at our university hospital between 2008 and 2017. [6] Background: Hydroxyapatite (HA) coated flexible intramedullary nailing (FIN) stimulates osteogenic activity. [7] Flexible intramedullary nailing can be successful for a skeletally mature adolescent in treatment of refracture surrounding plate fixation of a midshaft forearm fracture. [8] Internal fixation with flexible intramedullary nails has gained increasing popularity, without evidence of a better outcome compared with closed reduction and cast immobilisation. [9] Flexible intramedullary nailing, rigid intramedullary nailing, plate and screw osteosynthesis, and external fixation are acceptable treatment options that may be considered for an individual patient depending upon the clinical scenario. [10] Background Flexible intramedullary nails (FNs) are successfully used to treat pediatric forearm fractures, especially midshaft fractures. [11] A flexible intramedullary rod has been developed to address this problem. [12] Background Flexible intramedullary nailing is performed for femoral fractures in pediatric patients who may be too large for spica cast immobilization but who have substantial growth remaining and who are not a candidate for rigid intramedullary nailing. [13] DISCUSSION Adolescent diaphyseal radial shaft fractures present several unique challenges; the radial bow must be restored to preserve forearm rotation and there are several clinical scenarios where plating, even in the skeletally immature child, is strongly recommended and will have more reliable results over flexible intramedullary nails. [14] There are many options for stabilization, including external fixation, rigid internal fixation with screws and plates, percutaneous pinning, and flexible intramedullary nailing. [15] Favourable mechanics is attained by flexible intramedullary nailing like Ender’s nailing. [16] She eventually underwent a revision surgery with a flexible intramedullary nail. [17] Objective: the aim of the work was to assess the results of using the flexible intramedullary nails in the treatment of humeral shaft fractures. [18] Recent literature has shown pediatric femur fractures in preschool-age children have equivalent clinical and radiographic outcomes when treated with spica casting or flexible intramedullary nails (IMN). [19] Currently, both flexible intramedullary nailing and plate fixation are acceptable options in this population. [20] Later Flexible intramedullary nailing, modified antegrade nailing, allowed fracture fixation with minimal exposure of the fracture site. [21] Flexible intramedullary nailing (FIN) provides multiple advantages in limb lengthening and progressive deformity correction in combination with external fixation. [22] This study aims to investigate the comparative study of calcium phosphate coatings for flexible intramedullary nails (FINs) used to lengthen long tubular bones. [23] For pediatric proximal humeral metaphyseal fractures, percutaneous pinning and flexible intramedullary nailing may be necessary, both of which are reported to have good outcomes. [24] The objective of this study was to test the compressive strength and torsional stiffness provided by the addition of a two-pin external fixator to an unstable pediatric femoral shaft fracture model after being instrumented with flexible intramedullary nailing (FIMN), and to compare this to bridge plating and FIMN alone. [25] To review the experience at our center with elastic stable titanium flexible intramedullary nails (ESIN) for pediatric femoral shaft unstable fractures. [26] Background: Various flexible intramedullary nail (FIMN) constructs for pediatric femur fractures are described; however, no biomechanical study has compared stability of medial-lateral entry versus all-lateral entry retrograde nailing. [27] Flexible intramedullary nailing is gaining wide adoption for acute surgical treatment. [28] Purpose: Length stable diaphyseal femur and tibial shaft fractures in paediatric patients may be fixed with flexible intramedullary nails (FINs) in selected paediatric patients. [29] The aim of this study is to compare the reported complications and outcomes of reduction and cast immobilization versus flexible intramedullary nailing in the treatment of pediatric tibia shaft fractures. [30] Background: It has been shown that retrograde titanium flexible intramedullary nails (Ti FIN) provide superior resistance to bending compared to antegrade Ti FIN in distal femur fractures. [31] Of the operative group, flexible intramedullary nails (IMN) were used for 568 patients (21. [32] Conclusion: The use of flexible intramedullary nailing in properly selected patients in the preschool to early teenage population is an effective method of treating diaphyseal fractures of long bones of the lower limb. [33] Hence we conclude that flexible intramedullary nailing is an excellent technique for the treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the femur and tibia in children and adolescents aged 5 to 16 years. [34] Forty-six patients with proximal phalangeal neck fractures managed by either percutaneous antegrade flexible intramedullary nailing (Group I) or crossed Kirschner-wires (Group II) were recruited for a randomized prospective comparative study. [35] Children's femoral shaft fractures are commonly treated with flexible intramedullary nailing after closed or open reduction, but there is little information concerning indications for open reduction. [36] The disadvantages of traditional casting can be minimized by alternative management strategies: waterproof casts to facilitate bathing and swimming; a Pavlik harness in infants, a single-leg spica cast, or flexible intramedullary nails to avoid complications with double-leg spica casts for femur fractures; and braces or splints to manage buckle and minimally displaced distal radius fractures, toddler's fractures, and stable foot/ankle fractures. [37] Purpose Although spica casting remains the benchmark for treating diaphyseal femur fractures in preschool children, some authors advocate using flexible intramedullary nails in certain situations. [38] We present a patient with bilateral Rorabeck II/Su III periprosthetic distal femur fractures treated successfully with bilateral single stage flexible intramedullary fixation. [39]在一些中心，最近出现了使用柔性髓内钉 (FIN) 对这些骨折进行手术固定的趋势。 [1] 尽管这些骨折中的大多数都可以通过石膏固定治疗，无论是否闭合复位，骨科医生可能会在不可接受的排列不良、不稳定骨折、再骨折、神经血管损害或开放性骨折的情况下建议患者使用灵活的髓内钉进行手术固定。断裂。 [2] 本研究的目的是调查关于柔性髓内钉 (FIN) 治疗儿童开放性和闭合性胫骨骨折的有效性和安全性的现有证据，探讨主要手术结果和并发症发生率。 [3] 描述 Steinmann 针或柔性髓内钉通过鹰嘴隆突经皮引入，并在髓管内推进至尺骨骨折部位。 [4] 介绍 这项多中心前瞻性研究的目的是分析在获得性肢体长度差异 (LLD) 中通过与柔性髓内钉 (FIN) 相关的外固定器延长骨的结果。 [5] 方法：回顾性分析我校医院2008-2017年26例儿童胫骨骨折柔性髓内钉和30例刚性髓内钉患儿。 [6] 背景：羟基磷灰石 (HA) 涂层柔性髓内钉 (FIN) 可刺激成骨活性。 [7] 对于骨骼成熟的青少年，灵活的髓内钉可以成功地治疗前臂中轴骨折的再骨折周围钢板固定。 [8] 灵活的髓内钉内固定越来越受欢迎，但没有证据表明与闭合复位和石膏固定相比有更好的结果。 [9] 柔性髓内钉、刚性髓内钉、钢板和螺钉接骨术以及外固定是可接受的治疗选择，可根据临床情况为个体患者考虑。 [10] 背景 柔性髓内钉 (FN) 已成功用于治疗小儿前臂骨折，尤其是中轴骨折。 [11] 已经开发了一种柔性髓内棒来解决这个问题。 [12] 背景 灵活的髓内钉用于儿科患者的股骨骨折，这些患者的股骨骨折可能对于人字形石膏固定而言可能太大，但仍有大量生长，并且不适合刚性髓内钉。 [13] 讨论 青少年骨干桡骨干骨折存在几个独特的挑战；必须恢复桡骨弓以保持前臂旋转，并且在一些临床情况下，强烈建议即使在骨骼未成熟的儿童中进行电镀，并且与灵活的髓内钉相比具有更可靠的结果。 [14] 有许多稳定的选择，包括外固定、螺钉和钢板的刚性内固定、经皮钉扎和灵活的髓内钉。 [15] 通过像 Ender 的钉子一样灵活的髓内钉子获得了良好的力学。 [16] 她最终接受了使用灵活的髓内钉进行的翻修手术。 [17] 目的：本工作的目的是评估使用柔性髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折的效果。 [18] 最近的文献表明，学龄前儿童的小儿股骨骨折在使用人字形石膏或柔性髓内钉 (IMN) 治疗时具有相同的临床和影像学结果。 [19] 目前，灵活的髓内钉和钢板固定都是该人群可接受的选择。 [20] 后来灵活的髓内钉，改良的顺行钉，允许在骨折部位暴露最少的情况下进行骨折固定。 [21] 柔性髓内钉（FIN）结合外固定装置在肢体延长和渐进性畸形矫正方面具有多种优势。 [22] 本研究旨在调查用于延长长管状骨的柔性髓内钉 (FIN) 的磷酸钙涂层的比较研究。 [23] 对于小儿肱骨干骺端近端骨折，可能需要经皮钉扎和灵活的髓内钉，据报道这两种方法都有良好的结果。 [24] 本研究的目的是测试在植入柔性髓内钉 (FIMN) 后，在不稳定的儿科股骨干骨折模型中添加双针外固定器所提供的抗压强度和扭转刚度，并将其与桥接进行比较单独电镀和FIMN。 [25] 回顾我们中心使用弹性稳定钛弹性髓内钉 (ESIN) 治疗儿科股骨干不稳定骨折的经验。 [26] 背景：描述了用于小儿股骨骨折的各种柔性髓内钉 (FIMN) 结构；然而，没有生物力学研究比较内侧-外侧进入与全外侧进入逆行钉的稳定性。 [27] 灵活的髓内钉在急性外科治疗中得到广泛采用。 [28] 目的：在选定的儿科患者中，可以使用灵活的髓内钉 (FIN) 固定儿科患者的长度稳定的股骨干和胫骨干骨折。 [29] 本研究的目的是比较报道的复位和石膏固定与柔性髓内钉治疗小儿胫骨干骨折的并发症和结果。 [30] 背景：研究表明，在股骨远端骨折中，与顺行 Ti FIN 相比，逆行钛柔性髓内钉 (Ti FIN) 具有更好的抗弯曲性。 [31] 手术组中，568 例患者（21. [32] Conclusion: The use of flexible intramedullary nailing in properly selected patients in the preschool to early teenage population is an effective method of treating diaphyseal fractures of long bones of the lower limb. [33] 因此，我们得出结论，柔性髓内钉是治疗 5 至 16 岁儿童和青少年股骨和胫骨骨干骨折的优秀技术。 [34] 招募了 46 名通过经皮顺行柔性髓内钉（I 组）或交叉克氏针（II 组）治疗的近端指骨颈骨折患者进行随机前瞻性比较研究。 [35] 儿童股骨干骨折常在闭合复位或切开复位后采用柔性髓内钉治疗，但有关切开复位适应证的资料很少。 [36] 传统铸造的缺点可以通过替代管理策略最小化：防水铸件便于洗澡和游泳；用于婴儿的 Pavlik 安全带、单腿人字形石膏或灵活的髓内钉，以避免双腿人字形石膏用于股骨骨折的并发症；和支架或夹板来处理带扣和最小位移的桡骨远端骨折、幼儿骨折和稳定的足/踝骨折。 [37] 目的 尽管人字形石膏固定仍然是治疗学龄前儿童股骨骨干骨折的基准，但一些作者主张在某些情况下使用灵活的髓内钉。 [38] 我们介绍了一名双侧 Rorabeck II/Su III 假体周围股骨远端骨折患者，采用双侧单级柔性髓内固定成功治疗。 [39]
Titanium Flexible Intramedullary
To review the experience at our center with elastic stable titanium flexible intramedullary nails (ESIN) for pediatric femoral shaft unstable fractures. [1] Background: It has been shown that retrograde titanium flexible intramedullary nails (Ti FIN) provide superior resistance to bending compared to antegrade Ti FIN in distal femur fractures. [2]回顾我们中心使用弹性稳定钛弹性髓内钉 (ESIN) 治疗儿科股骨干不稳定骨折的经验。 [1] 背景：研究表明，在股骨远端骨折中，与顺行 Ti FIN 相比，逆行钛柔性髓内钉 (Ti FIN) 具有更好的抗弯曲性。 [2]
flexible intramedullary nailing 灵活的髓内钉
Though most of these fractures can be treated with casting, with or without closed reduction, the orthopedic surgeon may indicate a patient for operative fixation with flexible intramedullary nailing in the setting of unacceptable malalignment, an unstable fracture, refracture, neurovascular compromise, or an open fracture. [1] The aim of this study was to investigate the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of flexible intramedullary nailing (FIN) for both open and closed tibia fractures in children, exploring the main surgical outcomes and rate of complications. [2] INTRODUCTION The aim of this multicenter prospective study was to analyze the outcomes of bone lengthening by external fixator associated with flexible intramedullary nailing (FIN) in acquired limb length discrepancy (LLD). [3] Methods: A retrospective review of 26 children who have undergone flexible intramedullary nailing of tibial fractures and 30 children with rigid nailing at our university hospital between 2008 and 2017. [4] Background: Hydroxyapatite (HA) coated flexible intramedullary nailing (FIN) stimulates osteogenic activity. [5] Flexible intramedullary nailing can be successful for a skeletally mature adolescent in treatment of refracture surrounding plate fixation of a midshaft forearm fracture. [6] Flexible intramedullary nailing, rigid intramedullary nailing, plate and screw osteosynthesis, and external fixation are acceptable treatment options that may be considered for an individual patient depending upon the clinical scenario. [7] Background Flexible intramedullary nailing is performed for femoral fractures in pediatric patients who may be too large for spica cast immobilization but who have substantial growth remaining and who are not a candidate for rigid intramedullary nailing. [8] There are many options for stabilization, including external fixation, rigid internal fixation with screws and plates, percutaneous pinning, and flexible intramedullary nailing. [9] Favourable mechanics is attained by flexible intramedullary nailing like Ender’s nailing. [10] Currently, both flexible intramedullary nailing and plate fixation are acceptable options in this population. [11] Later Flexible intramedullary nailing, modified antegrade nailing, allowed fracture fixation with minimal exposure of the fracture site. [12] Flexible intramedullary nailing (FIN) provides multiple advantages in limb lengthening and progressive deformity correction in combination with external fixation. [13] For pediatric proximal humeral metaphyseal fractures, percutaneous pinning and flexible intramedullary nailing may be necessary, both of which are reported to have good outcomes. [14] The objective of this study was to test the compressive strength and torsional stiffness provided by the addition of a two-pin external fixator to an unstable pediatric femoral shaft fracture model after being instrumented with flexible intramedullary nailing (FIMN), and to compare this to bridge plating and FIMN alone. [15] Flexible intramedullary nailing is gaining wide adoption for acute surgical treatment. [16] The aim of this study is to compare the reported complications and outcomes of reduction and cast immobilization versus flexible intramedullary nailing in the treatment of pediatric tibia shaft fractures. [17] Conclusion: The use of flexible intramedullary nailing in properly selected patients in the preschool to early teenage population is an effective method of treating diaphyseal fractures of long bones of the lower limb. [18] Hence we conclude that flexible intramedullary nailing is an excellent technique for the treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the femur and tibia in children and adolescents aged 5 to 16 years. [19] Forty-six patients with proximal phalangeal neck fractures managed by either percutaneous antegrade flexible intramedullary nailing (Group I) or crossed Kirschner-wires (Group II) were recruited for a randomized prospective comparative study. [20] Children's femoral shaft fractures are commonly treated with flexible intramedullary nailing after closed or open reduction, but there is little information concerning indications for open reduction. [21]尽管这些骨折中的大多数都可以通过石膏固定治疗，无论是否闭合复位，骨科医生可能会在不可接受的排列不良、不稳定骨折、再骨折、神经血管损害或开放性骨折的情况下建议患者使用灵活的髓内钉进行手术固定。断裂。 [1] 本研究的目的是调查关于柔性髓内钉 (FIN) 治疗儿童开放性和闭合性胫骨骨折的有效性和安全性的现有证据，探讨主要手术结果和并发症发生率。 [2] 介绍 这项多中心前瞻性研究的目的是分析在获得性肢体长度差异 (LLD) 中通过与柔性髓内钉 (FIN) 相关的外固定器延长骨的结果。 [3] 方法：回顾性分析我校医院2008-2017年26例儿童胫骨骨折柔性髓内钉和30例刚性髓内钉患儿。 [4] 背景：羟基磷灰石 (HA) 涂层柔性髓内钉 (FIN) 可刺激成骨活性。 [5] 对于骨骼成熟的青少年，灵活的髓内钉可以成功地治疗前臂中轴骨折的再骨折周围钢板固定。 [6] 柔性髓内钉、刚性髓内钉、钢板和螺钉接骨术以及外固定是可接受的治疗选择，可根据临床情况为个体患者考虑。 [7] 背景 灵活的髓内钉用于儿科患者的股骨骨折，这些患者的股骨骨折可能对于人字形石膏固定而言可能太大，但仍有大量生长，并且不适合刚性髓内钉。 [8] 有许多稳定的选择，包括外固定、螺钉和钢板的刚性内固定、经皮钉扎和灵活的髓内钉。 [9] 通过像 Ender 的钉子一样灵活的髓内钉子获得了良好的力学。 [10] 目前，灵活的髓内钉和钢板固定都是该人群可接受的选择。 [11] 后来灵活的髓内钉，改良的顺行钉，允许在骨折部位暴露最少的情况下进行骨折固定。 [12] 柔性髓内钉（FIN）结合外固定装置在肢体延长和渐进性畸形矫正方面具有多种优势。 [13] 对于小儿肱骨干骺端近端骨折，可能需要经皮钉扎和灵活的髓内钉，据报道这两种方法都有良好的结果。 [14] 本研究的目的是测试在植入柔性髓内钉 (FIMN) 后，在不稳定的儿科股骨干骨折模型中添加双针外固定器所提供的抗压强度和扭转刚度，并将其与桥接进行比较单独电镀和FIMN。 [15] 灵活的髓内钉在急性外科治疗中得到广泛采用。 [16] 本研究的目的是比较报道的复位和石膏固定与柔性髓内钉治疗小儿胫骨干骨折的并发症和结果。 [17] Conclusion: The use of flexible intramedullary nailing in properly selected patients in the preschool to early teenage population is an effective method of treating diaphyseal fractures of long bones of the lower limb. [18] 因此，我们得出结论，柔性髓内钉是治疗 5 至 16 岁儿童和青少年股骨和胫骨骨干骨折的优秀技术。 [19] 招募了 46 名通过经皮顺行柔性髓内钉（I 组）或交叉克氏针（II 组）治疗的近端指骨颈骨折患者进行随机前瞻性比较研究。 [20] 儿童股骨干骨折常在闭合复位或切开复位后采用柔性髓内钉治疗，但有关切开复位适应证的资料很少。 [21]
flexible intramedullary nail 柔性髓内钉
In some centers, there has been a recent trend towards surgical fixation of these fractures with flexible intramedullary nails (FINs). [1] Description A Steinmann pin or flexible intramedullary nail is introduced percutaneously through the olecranon apophysis and advanced within the medullary canal to the ulnar fracture site. [2] Internal fixation with flexible intramedullary nails has gained increasing popularity, without evidence of a better outcome compared with closed reduction and cast immobilisation. [3] Background Flexible intramedullary nails (FNs) are successfully used to treat pediatric forearm fractures, especially midshaft fractures. [4] DISCUSSION Adolescent diaphyseal radial shaft fractures present several unique challenges; the radial bow must be restored to preserve forearm rotation and there are several clinical scenarios where plating, even in the skeletally immature child, is strongly recommended and will have more reliable results over flexible intramedullary nails. [5] She eventually underwent a revision surgery with a flexible intramedullary nail. [6] Objective: the aim of the work was to assess the results of using the flexible intramedullary nails in the treatment of humeral shaft fractures. [7] Recent literature has shown pediatric femur fractures in preschool-age children have equivalent clinical and radiographic outcomes when treated with spica casting or flexible intramedullary nails (IMN). [8] This study aims to investigate the comparative study of calcium phosphate coatings for flexible intramedullary nails (FINs) used to lengthen long tubular bones. [9] To review the experience at our center with elastic stable titanium flexible intramedullary nails (ESIN) for pediatric femoral shaft unstable fractures. [10] Background: Various flexible intramedullary nail (FIMN) constructs for pediatric femur fractures are described; however, no biomechanical study has compared stability of medial-lateral entry versus all-lateral entry retrograde nailing. [11] Purpose: Length stable diaphyseal femur and tibial shaft fractures in paediatric patients may be fixed with flexible intramedullary nails (FINs) in selected paediatric patients. [12] Background: It has been shown that retrograde titanium flexible intramedullary nails (Ti FIN) provide superior resistance to bending compared to antegrade Ti FIN in distal femur fractures. [13] Of the operative group, flexible intramedullary nails (IMN) were used for 568 patients (21. [14] The disadvantages of traditional casting can be minimized by alternative management strategies: waterproof casts to facilitate bathing and swimming; a Pavlik harness in infants, a single-leg spica cast, or flexible intramedullary nails to avoid complications with double-leg spica casts for femur fractures; and braces or splints to manage buckle and minimally displaced distal radius fractures, toddler's fractures, and stable foot/ankle fractures. [15] Purpose Although spica casting remains the benchmark for treating diaphyseal femur fractures in preschool children, some authors advocate using flexible intramedullary nails in certain situations. [16]在一些中心，最近出现了使用柔性髓内钉 (FIN) 对这些骨折进行手术固定的趋势。 [1] 描述 Steinmann 针或柔性髓内钉通过鹰嘴隆突经皮引入，并在髓管内推进至尺骨骨折部位。 [2] 灵活的髓内钉内固定越来越受欢迎，但没有证据表明与闭合复位和石膏固定相比有更好的结果。 [3] 背景 柔性髓内钉 (FN) 已成功用于治疗小儿前臂骨折，尤其是中轴骨折。 [4] 讨论 青少年骨干桡骨干骨折存在几个独特的挑战；必须恢复桡骨弓以保持前臂旋转，并且在一些临床情况下，强烈建议即使在骨骼未成熟的儿童中进行电镀，并且与灵活的髓内钉相比具有更可靠的结果。 [5] 她最终接受了使用灵活的髓内钉进行的翻修手术。 [6] 目的：本工作的目的是评估使用柔性髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折的效果。 [7] 最近的文献表明，学龄前儿童的小儿股骨骨折在使用人字形石膏或柔性髓内钉 (IMN) 治疗时具有相同的临床和影像学结果。 [8] 本研究旨在调查用于延长长管状骨的柔性髓内钉 (FIN) 的磷酸钙涂层的比较研究。 [9] 回顾我们中心使用弹性稳定钛弹性髓内钉 (ESIN) 治疗儿科股骨干不稳定骨折的经验。 [10] 背景：描述了用于小儿股骨骨折的各种柔性髓内钉 (FIMN) 结构；然而，没有生物力学研究比较内侧-外侧进入与全外侧进入逆行钉的稳定性。 [11] 目的：在选定的儿科患者中，可以使用灵活的髓内钉 (FIN) 固定儿科患者的长度稳定的股骨干和胫骨干骨折。 [12] 背景：研究表明，在股骨远端骨折中，与顺行 Ti FIN 相比，逆行钛柔性髓内钉 (Ti FIN) 具有更好的抗弯曲性。 [13] 手术组中，568 例患者（21. [14] 传统铸造的缺点可以通过替代管理策略最小化：防水铸件便于洗澡和游泳；用于婴儿的 Pavlik 安全带、单腿人字形石膏或灵活的髓内钉，以避免双腿人字形石膏用于股骨骨折的并发症；和支架或夹板来处理带扣和最小位移的桡骨远端骨折、幼儿骨折和稳定的足/踝骨折。 [15] 目的 尽管人字形石膏固定仍然是治疗学龄前儿童股骨骨干骨折的基准，但一些作者主张在某些情况下使用灵活的髓内钉。 [16]