Conjugated Gold(共轭金)研究综述
Conjugated Gold 共轭金 - The affinity and specificity of aptamer candidates and aptamer-conjugated GoldMag nanoparticles were evaluated. [1] Guanabenz is already approved for hypertension and crosses the blood-brain barrier; the results of our current study suggest that guanabenz and its conjugated gold and silver nanoparticles can be repurposed as a potential drug for treating brain eating amoebic infections. [2] A sensitive and specific colorimetric analytical strategy for cancer-cell detection based on folate-conjugated gold–iron-oxide composite nanoparticles (Au-Fe2O3 CNPs) has been developed. [3]评估了适体候选物和适体缀合的 GoldMag 纳米颗粒的亲和力和特异性。 [1] Guanabenz 已被批准用于高血压并穿过血脑屏障；我们目前的研究结果表明，guanabenz 及其共轭金银纳米颗粒可以重新用作治疗脑食性阿米巴感染的潜在药物。 [2] 已经开发出一种基于叶酸共轭金-氧化铁复合纳米粒子 (Au-Fe2O3 CNPs) 的用于癌细胞检测的灵敏且特异的比色分析策略。 [3]
Antibody Conjugated Gold
Sulphydryl polyethylene glycol was coated on the surface of dfCL-MB so as to assemble dfCL-MB and antibody conjugated gold nanoparticles through Au-S bond. [1] In the proposed ICA-SERS methods, antibody conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used as the SERS substrate while fluorescence tags labeled on AuNPs were used as the Raman reporters for SERS. [2] Methods: This lateral flow immunochromatographic strip was prepared by using anti-Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen monoclonal antibody conjugated gold nanoparticles (MAb-AuNPs) as antigen-detecting antibody, while crystalline material (MCM)-41-MAb bioconjugate was immobilized at the test line as antigen-capturing antibody. [3]在dfCL-MB表面包覆巯基聚乙二醇，通过Au-S键将dfCL-MB与抗体缀合的金纳米粒子组装在一起。 [1] 在提出的 ICA-SERS 方法中，抗体缀合的金纳米颗粒 (AuNPs) 用作 SERS 底物，而标记在 AuNPs 上的荧光标签用作 SERS 的拉曼报告分子。 [2] 方法：采用抗曼氏血吸虫可溶性卵抗原单克隆抗体偶联金纳米粒子（MAb-AuNPs）作为抗原检测抗体，同时固定化结晶材料（MCM）-41-MAb生物偶联物制备横向流动免疫层析条带。线作为抗原捕获抗体。 [3]
conjugated gold nanoparticle 共轭金纳米粒子
The higher metabolic labelling efficiency inherently led to a higher extent of specific binding and accumulation of the clickable N3-conjugated gold nanoparticles (N3-AuNps, core diameter = 30 nm) in the DBCO-glycan modified A549 and MeT5A cells, but to a less prominent effect in MRC5 cells. [1] In this paper, we show the photon scattering signal strength can be magnified by introducing a more abrupt change of refractivity at the virus particle using antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), allowing the presence of such viruses to be detected. [2] In this study, PrPC aptamer (Apt)-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized for targeted delivery of Dox to CRC. [3] Sulphydryl polyethylene glycol was coated on the surface of dfCL-MB so as to assemble dfCL-MB and antibody conjugated gold nanoparticles through Au-S bond. [4] This probe is capable of engaging in energy transfer quenching with ACE2‐conjugated gold nanoparticles enabling biochemical monitoring of binding. [5] Compared to conventional paper-based biosensor, the mLPG with strong evanescent wave functions as an ultrasensitive tool for detecting the refractive index changes induced by the localized plasmonic heating of antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles. [6] Methods One eye each of 36 rabbits received balanced salt solution (group 1, naïve; n = 12), naked vector with polyethylenimine-conjugated gold nanoparticles (PEI2-GNP; group 2, naked-vector; n = 12), or BMP7+HGF genes with PEI2-GNP (group 3, BMP7+HGF; n = 12) via a topical delivery technique. [7] The sensor was developed by using DNA conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs-DNA) as a detection probe, which will hybridize to a complementary target sequence. [8] The method employs double-stranded (ds) DNA-conjugated gold nanoparticle@magnetic agarose beads, i. [9] Aptamer-conjugated gold nanoparticle structures synergically possess characteristics of both aptamer and gold nanoparticles including high binding affinity, high biocompatibility, enhanced target selectivity and long circulatory half-life. [10] Herein, a force tracing technique based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to track the ultrafast dynamic process of a T7-conjugated gold nanoparticle (AuNP-T7) entering a cell at the single-particle level in real time. [11] Here, we synthesize antibacterial polypeptide-conjugated gold nanoparticles that exhibit potent antibacterial activities against clinically isolated multiple drug resistance Gram-positive bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and excellent in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. [12] Methods SARS-CoV-2 antigens were immobilized on nitrocellulose membrane to capture human IgG, which was then detected with anti-human IgG conjugated gold nanoparticle (hIgG-AuNP). [13] The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of folic acid-conjugated gold nanoparticles (GNP-F) in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) and x-Ray irradiation in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line (HT-29). [14] Subsequently, interleukin-4 (IL-4)– or IL-10–conjugated gold nanoparticles (PA4, PA10) were injected into chronically injured, aged, mdx muscle. [15] The FRET-based system consists of Cy3-tagged anti-CAP aptamer-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) (referred to as AuNPs-AptCAP) and Cy5-tagged anti-Strep aptamer-conjugated AuNPs (referred to as AuNPs-AptStrep). [16] Here, we construct truncated ACE2 peptide-conjugated gold nanoparticles as antiviral scaffolds and study their binding with the SARS-CoV-2 RBD using dynamic light scattering (DLS). [17] The present work addresses some fundamental aspects in the preparation of protein-conjugated gold nanoparticles, in order to ensure an appropriate final product. [18] In this work, we studied the possibility of using CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100, as a targeting molecule to targeted delivery of DOX to CXCR4 expressing lung cancer cells through conjugated gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). [19] We report a colorimetric assay to detect influenza A virus using sialyllactose-levan-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). [20] We designed a Temozolomide-conjugated gold nanoparticle functionalized with an antibody against the ephrin type-A receptor 3 (anti-EphA3-TMZ@GNPs) for targeted GBM therapy via intranasal administration. [21] Several lysosome-specific drug nanoformulations like mixed charge and peptide conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), Au-ZnO hybrid NPs, TPP-PEG-biotin NPs, octadecyl-rhodamine-B and cationic liposomes, etc. [22] 0]nonyne (BCN)-conjugated gold nanoparticles (BCN-AuNPs), which can be bioorthogonally conjugated to azide (-N3) groups on the surface of metabolically engineered stem cells via bioorthogonal click chemistry. [23] The chicken cytokines immunosensor array was prepared by assembling different cytokine capture antibodies onto a disposable silanized glass chip, where horseradish peroxidase and antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles were used as multienzymatic amplification probe for CL imaging signal amplification. [24] The interaction of this hybrid with terahertz radiation shows the unique terahertz signal of the un conjugated gold nanoparticles and quantum dots versus the conjugated forms. [25] In this work, we have fabricated protease-conjugated gold nanoparticles, in particular, featured with aptamer as recognition element. [26] We hypothesize a safe and effective nanoinitiated drug delivery system—‘Phytochemical-conjugated gold nanoparticles,’ which can inhibit the growth and proliferation of tumor cells without affecting normal cells and at the same time boost the capability of immune system to fight cancer. [27] When used in a sandwich assay format with DNA-conjugated gold nanoparticles, this system is able to generate a visually observable result in the presence of the target DNA. [28] , the graphene oxide-gold nanorod (GO-AuNR) functionalized capture probe (CP) and SP-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), consequently enhancing the SERS intensity by both the electromagnetic hot spots generated at the junctions or interstices of the two platforms and the chemical enhancement between the AuNPs and the adsorbed intercalated Raman tag. [29] In this work, we show in several cell lines that optimized AS1411-conjugated gold nanoparticles (GNS-AS1411) inhibit nucleolin expression at the RNA and protein levels. [30] Herein, we developed a strategy for the acid-triggered in situ aggregation of a system based on peptide-conjugated gold nanoparticles (GNPs). [31] In this study, we explore the interactions of TAT peptides and their conjugated gold nanoparticles with lipid membranes by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. [32] In this study, we report the one-pot synthesis of antigen ovalbumin (OVA)-conjugated gold nanoparticles (OVA@GNPs). [33] To keep track of the composition of fibers, CsgA-His-tag proteins are labeled with nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA-) conjugated gold nanoparticles. [34] Purpose This study was conducted to verify the induction and mechanism of selective apoptosis in G361 melanoma cells using anti-HER2 antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles (GNP-HER2). [35] The assay is comprised of antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that are "activated" when they are mixed with the test sample and bind their targets. [36] In the proposed ICA-SERS methods, antibody conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used as the SERS substrate while fluorescence tags labeled on AuNPs were used as the Raman reporters for SERS. [37] Results We characterization of Doxorubicin-loaded oligonucleotide conjugated gold nanoparticles (DOA) using Transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of AuNPs. [38] Cationic polyethyleneimine (PEI)-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that are chemically and physically stable under physiological conditions are an ideal candidate for certain bio-medical applications, in particular DNA transfection. [39] The FITC-labelled terminal end of the products binds to the pre-immobilized FITC antibody on the test line of the strip, and the biotin-labelled terminal end binds to the streptavidin-conjugated gold nanoparticles, resulting in a visible test line on the LFS for the rapid identification of duck meat in adulterated beef. [40] Aptamer conjugated gold nanoparticles were employed to determine the concentration of Hg2+ as the basis of a colorimetric sensor. [41] In this study, we designed a double aptamer-nanoparticle conjugates-based (DANP) complex for specific detection and visualization of MCF-7 cells using Mucin 1 (MUC 1) aptamer-conjugated gold nanoparticles (MUC1 apt - GNPs) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) aptamer-conjugated CdTe quantum dots (ATP apt-QDs). [42] Cytotoxicity of these drugs and drug-conjugated gold nanoparticles was also determined by lactate dehydrogenase assay. [43] Characteristics of the prepared GNPs and ZHER2 affibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles (GNP-ZHER2) were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. [44] Here, we describe the efficiency of primary antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to specifically target chronic inflammatory processes, specially M2 macrophages, in tissue sections of ulcerative colitis (UC) and steatohepatitis in rats which may lead to colorectal cancer and liver carcinoma, respectively. [45] BSA was found to be an excellent capping and stabilizing agent for the production as well as size control of bioconjugated gold nanoparticles. [46] To add specificity and signal amplification, the bound LPS molecules were further tagged with antimicrobial polymyxin-B conjugated gold nanoparticles (PMB-AuNPs) in a sandwich format. [47] We present novel chemical tools to investigate chaperone activity and substrate specificity of human HspB1 (B1NTR), through isolation of B1NTR and development of peptide‐conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). [48] Purpose This work presents the preparation of a nanocomposite of ampicillin-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and self-assembled rosette nanotubes (RNTs), and evaluates its antibacterial properties against two strains of drug-resistant bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus [S. [49] Anti-cortisol mAb-conjugated gold nanoparticles, as signal indicator, were used to detect cortisol in the sample. [50]较高的代谢标记效率固有地导致 DBCO-聚糖修饰的 A549 和 MeT5A 细胞中可点击的 N3 共轭金纳米颗粒（N3-AuNps，核心直径 = 30 nm）的特异性结合和积累程度更高，但导致更少MRC5 细胞中的显着影响。 [1] 在本文中，我们展示了光子散射信号强度可以通过使用抗体结合金纳米粒子 (AuNP) 在病毒颗粒处引入更突然的折射率变化来放大，从而可以检测到此类病毒的存在。 [2] 在这项研究中，合成了 PrPC 适体 (Apt)-共轭金纳米粒子 (AuNPs)，用于将 Dox 靶向递送至 CRC。 [3] 在dfCL-MB表面包覆巯基聚乙二醇，通过Au-S键将dfCL-MB与抗体缀合的金纳米粒子组装在一起。 [4] 该探针能够与 ACE2 共轭金纳米粒子进行能量转移猝灭，从而实现结合的生化监测。 [5] 与传统的纸基生物传感器相比，具有强倏逝波的 mLPG 可作为一种超灵敏的工具，用于检测由抗体缀合的金纳米粒子的局部等离子体加热引起的折射率变化。 [6] 方法 36 只兔子每只眼睛接受平衡盐溶液（第 1 组，幼稚；n = 12），裸载体与聚乙烯亚胺共轭金纳米粒子（PEI2-GNP；第 2 组，裸载体；n = 12），或 BMP7+通过局部递送技术与 PEI2-GNP（第 3 组，BMP7+HGF；n = 12）的 HGF 基因。 [7] 该传感器是通过使用 DNA 共轭金纳米粒子 (AuNPs-DNA) 作为检测探针开发的，该探针将与互补的靶序列杂交。 [8] 该方法采用双链 (ds) DNA 缀合的金纳米粒子@磁性琼脂糖珠，即。 [9] 适体缀合的金纳米粒子结构协同具有适体和金纳米粒子的特性，包括高结合亲和力、高生物相容性、增强的靶标选择性和长循环半衰期。 [10] 在此，基于原子力显微镜 (AFM) 的力追踪技术被用于实时追踪 T7 共轭金纳米粒子 (AuNP-T7) 在单粒子水平上进入细胞的超快动态过程。 [11] 在这里，我们合成了抗菌多肽缀合的金纳米粒子，该纳米粒子对临床分离的多种耐药革兰氏阳性菌（如耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌）具有有效的抗菌活性，并具有出色的体外和体内生物相容性。 [12] 方法将SARS-CoV-2抗原固定在硝酸纤维素膜上捕获人IgG，然后用抗人IgG结合金纳米粒子（hIgG-AuNP）检测。 [13] 本研究的目的是评估叶酸共轭金纳米粒子 (GNP-F) 与阿霉素 (DOX) 和 X 射线照射在结直肠癌 (CRC) 细胞系 (HT-29) 中的作用。 [14] 随后，将白细胞介素 4 (IL-4) 或 IL-10 共轭金纳米粒子 (PA4、PA10) 注射到慢性损伤、老化的 mdx 肌肉中。 [15] 基于 FRET 的系统由 Cy3 标记的抗 CAP 适体缀合的金纳米粒子 (AuNPs)（称为 AuNPs-AptCAP）和 Cy5 标记的抗 Strep 适体缀合的 AuNPs（称为 AuNPs-AptStrep）组成。 [16] 在这里，我们构建了截短的 ACE2 肽结合金纳米粒子作为抗病毒支架，并使用动态光散射 (DLS) 研究了它们与 SARS-CoV-2 RBD 的结合。 [17] 目前的工作解决了制备蛋白质共轭金纳米粒子的一些基本方面，以确保获得合适的最终产品。 [18] 在这项工作中，我们研究了 使用 CXCR4 拮抗剂 AMD3100 作为靶向分子通过共轭金纳米粒子 (Au NPs) 将 DOX 靶向递送至表达 CXCR4 的肺癌细胞的可能性。 [19] 我们报告了一种使用唾液酸乳糖-左旋共轭金纳米粒子 (AuNPs) 检测甲型流感病毒的比色法。 [20] 我们设计了一种替莫唑胺缀合的金纳米粒子，该纳米粒子用抗肝配蛋白 A 型受体 3（抗 EphA3-TMZ@GNPs）的抗体功能化，用于通过鼻内给药进行靶向 GBM 治疗。 [21] 几种溶酶体特异性药物纳米制剂，如混合电荷和肽共轭金纳米粒子 (AuNPs)、Au-ZnO 杂化 NPs、TPP-PEG-生物素 NPs、十八烷基罗丹明-B 和阳离子脂质体等。 [22] 0]壬炔（BCN）-共轭金纳米粒子（BCN-AuNPs），它可以通过生物正交点击化学与代谢工程干细胞表面的叠氮化物（-N3）基团进行生物正交共轭。 [23] 通过将不同的细胞因子捕获抗体组装到一次性硅烷化玻璃芯片上制备鸡细胞因子免疫传感器阵列，其中辣根过氧化物酶和抗体缀合的金纳米颗粒用作多酶放大探针用于CL成像信号放大。 [24] 这种混合体与太赫兹辐射的相互作用显示了非共轭金纳米粒子和量子点与共轭形式的独特太赫兹信号。 [25] 在这项工作中，我们制造了蛋白酶缀合的金纳米粒子，特别是以适体作为识别元素的特征。 [26] 我们假设一种安全有效的纳米启动药物递送系统——“植物化学结合金纳米粒子”，它可以在不影响正常细胞的情况下抑制肿瘤细胞的生长和增殖，同时增强免疫系统抗癌的能力。 [27] 当与 DNA 缀合的金纳米粒子以夹心测定形式使用时，该系统能够在存在目标 DNA 的情况下产生视觉上可观察的结果。 [28] ，氧化石墨烯-金纳米棒 (GO-AuNR) 功能化捕获探针 (CP) 和 SP 共轭金纳米粒子 (AuNPs)，从而通过在两个平台的连接处或间隙处产生的电磁热点增强 SERS 强度和AuNPs和吸附的插层拉曼标签之间的化学增强。 [29] 在这项工作中，我们在几个细胞系中展示了优化的 AS1411 共轭金纳米粒子 (GNS-AS1411) 在 RNA 和蛋白质水平上抑制核仁素表达。 [30] 在此，我们开发了一种基于肽缀合金纳米粒子 (GNP) 的酸触发原位聚合系统的策略。 [31] 在这项研究中，我们通过粗粒度分子动力学模拟探索 TAT 肽及其共轭金纳米粒子与脂质膜的相互作用。 [32] 在这项研究中，我们报告了抗原卵清蛋白 (OVA) 共轭金纳米粒子 (OVA@GNPs) 的一锅法合成。 [33] 为了跟踪纤维的组成，CsgA-His-tag 蛋白用镍-次氮基三乙酸 (Ni-NTA-) 共轭金纳米粒子进行标记。 [34] 目的 本研究旨在验证使用抗 HER2 抗体偶联金纳米粒子 (GNP-HER2) 诱导 G361 黑色素瘤细胞选择性凋亡及其机制。 [35] 该测定由抗体结合的金纳米粒子 (AuNP) 组成，当它们与测试样品混合并结合其靶标时，它们会被“激活”。 [36] 在提出的 ICA-SERS 方法中，抗体缀合的金纳米颗粒 (AuNPs) 用作 SERS 底物，而标记在 AuNPs 上的荧光标签用作 SERS 的拉曼报告分子。 [37] 结果 我们使用金纳米粒子的透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 图像表征了负载阿霉素的寡核苷酸缀合的金纳米粒子 (DOA)。 [38] 在生理条件下化学和物理稳定的阳离子聚乙烯亚胺 (PEI) 共轭金纳米粒子 (AuNP) 是某些生物医学应用的理想候选者，特别是 DNA 转染。 [39] 产品的FITC标记末端与试纸条测试线上预固定的FITC抗体结合，生物素标记的末端与链霉亲和素结合的金纳米颗粒结合，在LFS上形成可见的测试线用于快速鉴定掺假牛肉中的鸭肉。 [40] 采用适体缀合的金纳米粒子来确定 Hg2+ 的浓度，作为比色传感器的基础。 [41] 在这项研究中，我们设计了一种基于双适体-纳米颗粒偶联物 (DANP) 的复合物，用于使用粘蛋白 1 (MUC 1) 适体偶联金纳米颗粒 (MUC1 apt - GNP) 和三磷酸腺苷对 MCF-7 细胞进行特异性检测和可视化。 ATP) 适体共轭 CdTe 量子点 (ATP apt-QDs)。 [42] 这些药物和药物缀合的金纳米颗粒的细胞毒性也通过乳酸脱氢酶测定法确定。 [43] 通过原子力显微镜 (AFM) 和紫外-可见分光光度法研究制备的 GNP 和 ZHER2 亲和体共轭金纳米粒子 (GNP-ZHER2) 的特性。 [44] 在这里，我们描述了在大鼠溃疡性结肠炎 (UC) 和脂肪性肝炎的组织切片中，一抗偶联金纳米粒子 (AuNPs) 特异性靶向慢性炎症过程，特别是 M2 巨噬细胞的效率，这可能导致结肠直肠癌和肝癌，分别。 [45] BSA 被发现是一种极好的封端剂和稳定剂，可用于生物共轭金纳米粒子的生产和尺寸控制。 [46] 为了增加特异性和信号放大，结合的 LPS 分子进一步以夹心形式用抗菌多粘菌素-B 共轭金纳米粒子 (PMB-AuNPs) 进行标记。 [47] 我们提出了新的化学工具，通过分离 B1NTR 和开发肽缀合的金纳米粒子 (AuNPs) 来研究人类 HspB1 (B1NTR) 的伴侣活性和底物特异性。 [48] 目的 本工作介绍了氨苄青霉素共轭金纳米粒子 (AuNPs) 和自组装莲座状纳米管 (RNTs) 的纳米复合材料的制备，并评估了其对两种耐药细菌 (金黄色葡萄球菌 [S. [49] 抗皮质醇单克隆抗体偶联金纳米粒子作为信号指示剂，用于检测样品中的皮质醇。 [50]
conjugated gold nanorod
Cisplatin conjugated gold nanorods (Pt-AuNRs) have been synthesized and characterized through UV visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. [1] The gold precursor was precisely controlled to be reduced and grow along the DNA skeleton of DNA-conjugated gold nanorods to form multi-branched trepang-like nanocrystals. [2] Individual cells are encapsulated with antibody-conjugated gold nanorods (AuNRs) in droplets to evaluate their secretion levels. [3] Here, a smart material was developed that incorporated gold nanorods and an adsorbed protease (protease-conjugated gold nanorods, PGs). [4] Here, we fabricate enzyme-conjugated gold nanorod composites (EGCs) via self-assembly to enhance enzymatic activity, reusability, and thermal stability of mesophilic, thermophilic, and hyperthermophilic enzymes. [5]已合成顺铂共轭金纳米棒 (Pt-AuNRs)，并通过紫外可见光谱、动态光散射和透射电子显微镜对其进行表征。 [1] 金前体被精确控制还原并沿着DNA共轭金纳米棒的DNA骨架生长，形成多分支的海参状纳米晶体。 [2] 单个细胞被包裹在液滴中的抗体结合金纳米棒 (AuNR) 以评估它们的分泌水平。 [3] 在这里，开发了一种包含金纳米棒和吸附蛋白酶（蛋白酶共轭金纳米棒，PGs）的智能材料。 [4] 在这里，我们通过自组装制造酶共轭金纳米棒复合材料 (EGC)，以增强中温、嗜热和超嗜热酶的酶活性、可重复使用性和热稳定性。 [5]
conjugated gold nanocluster
Herein, an ROS scavenger of cysteine was exploited as a surface ligand to prepare cysteine-conjugated gold nanoclusters (Cys–AuNCs) and cysteine-conjugated silver nanoclusters (Cys–AgNCs) using a facile hydrothermal approach. [1] The cysteine-conjugated gold nanoclusters (Cys-AuNCs) were successfully prepared with orange-red fluorescence, high water solubility, and superior biocompatibility by one-pot green synthesis to determine bacterial metabolism. [2]在此，半胱氨酸的 ROS 清除剂被用作表面配体，使用简便的水热方法制备半胱氨酸共轭金纳米簇 (Cys-AuNCs) 和半胱氨酸共轭银纳米簇 (Cys-AgNCs)。 [1] 通过一锅绿色合成，成功制备了具有橙红色荧光、高水溶性和优异生物相容性的半胱氨酸共轭金纳米簇 (Cys-AuNCs)，用于测定细菌代谢。 [2]