Community Norms(社区规范)研究综述
Community Norms 社区规范 - Implications and findings are discussed in the context of community norms and the need for a paradigm shift to promote inclusivity and diversity in the sport. [1] These values are wrapped in community norms that are maintained for generations as an effort to maintain the sustainability of community food production and consumption. [2] Within the clinical scales, this group scored higher than the community norms and the published norms for men engaging in IPV on negative relations, antisocial behaviors and alcohol problems. [3] More than a vehicle for outreach or amethodology for discovery, mathematical art has become a discipline in its own right, with community norms, journals, and conferences. [4] Employing trauma-informed care principles through cultural humility, authentic engagement and power-sharing, recognition of the stigma of mental illness and mental health care, respect for community norms and preferences, and acknowledgement of acculturative and generational differences within refugee communities epitomize best practices in establishing and maintaining meaningful community advisory boards. [5] The study's findings underline that family coercion, community norms, and lack of livelihood alternatives are the major contributing factors for women's entry into sex work. [6] External factors include social influences like family and community norms, culturally-accepted alternatives, and community perceptions of the health system’s capacity to provide quality care. [7] The focus group discussion guide comprised of questions on: (1) family/household dynamics, (2) community norms, (3) healthcare systems, (4) women’s access to healthcare, (5) TB Awareness, and (6) women’s access to TB Care. [8] The matrix illustrates the interaction between capabilities, motivations and opportunities and factors such as access, culture, community norms and behavior, economic drivers and knowledge and information and gives insight into mitigation strategies against illicit alcohol sale and consumption, which may prove of value for policymakers in various parts of the world. [9] The results obtained from this study are: 1) the oral literature of the tumpeng tawonsiege tradition is a type of oral tradition in the form of myths and folk beliefs; 2) the values contained in the tumpeng wasp siege tradition consist of divine values, harmony between humans, equality between humans, diversity, sincerity, unyielding, usefulness to others, and concern in achieving goals; 3) the tumpeng wasp siege tradition has a function as a projection system, as a tool for ratifying cultural institutions and institutions, as an educational tool (pedagogical device), and as a coercive and supervisory tool so that community norms will always be obeyed by members. [10] We explored individual-level perceptions and experiences of sexual harassment, and community norms and expectations around sexual harassment. [11] Important considerations to contextualise civilian–military relations include military cultural–linguistic understanding, human rights promotion, and community-based needs assessments; such foci can facilitate the military’s understanding of community norms and civilian cooperation with military aims. [12] Land tenure regimes consist of shifting social relations regarding this resource, and these relations are often arrived at and maintained through persuasive narratives framed through social value claims about heritage, identity, livelihoods, and community norms. [13] , self-induced vomiting) than community norms. [14] Cultural tools including student planners, peer feedback and discussion linked students’ self-regulated learning to community norms for evaluating written texts. [15] On the qualitative aspect, 24 KIIs cited CAB members to have some skills and ability to understand and review study documents, offer guidance on community norms and expectations and give valuable feedback to the investigators. [16] To assess short-term outcomes, a cohort of ten key informants per community will be surveyed biennially concerning adoption of science-based prevention, collaboration, community support and community norms. [17] On the other hand, feedback invoking evidentiality and criticism, and references to Wikipedia’s community norms, is more likely to persuade the contributor to perform edits but is less likely to lead to a positive emotion. [18] Decentralization has also enabled platform operators to better respond to enforcement failures through increased engagement with users and by facilitating the exploration of community norms. [19] This study was aimed to determine whether women's empowerment and community norms, plus other proximate factors, are related to the health facility delivery utilization of women in Ethiopia. [20] Themes included facilitating factors for CIM pain management at the intrapersonal and community levels (Alignment with Parental Perceptions of Child Needs and Provider Desire to Offer Care, Alignment of CIM with Spiritual Beliefs and Community Norms) and barriers at the interpersonal, organizational, and political levels (Inter-professional Challenges, Lack of Logistics in Place for Referrals and Triaging Patients with Pain, Lack of Remuneration/Insurance Reimbursement for Care). [21] Three years later, direct deposit and training broadly liberalized women’s own work-related norms, and shifted perceptions of community norms. [22] Policymakers should treat DIY-biology laboratories as legitimate parts of the scientific enterprise and pay attention to the role of community norms. [23] On whose terms do contemporary Papua New Guinean women get to decide how to dress: their own, or in accordance with community norms and standards? What are the contemporary and historical contexts of whiteness and colonial power that have influenced these norms and standards? This article brings together the experiences and perspective of a young professional Papua New Guinean woman, and her relatives, in dialogue with a young English–Iranian woman anthropologist. [24] Building upon the theoretical scaffolding of the Target Model of discretion, our study uses self-reported survey data from 190 sworn officers in a large majority minority city in the southern United States to investigate the relationship between officer race and the priority Black and non-Black officers ascribe to community norms and expectations as influences on their decision-making processes. [25] It can be concluded that community norms and responsibilities are the main factors in waste management. [26] , to identify “commonplaces” or community norms, beliefs, and values that may present challenges to the effectiveness of heat risk communication. [27] Vote scores indicate convergence with, and divergence from, community norms. [28] Participants' self-reported mental HRQOL, anxiety, and problem-solving were compared with community norms using t-tests. [29] The focus group discussion guide comprised of questions on: (1) family/household dynamics (2) community norms (3) healthcare system (4) women’s access to healthcare (5) TB Awareness;, and (6) women’s access to TB Care. [30] Both criticism measures decreased little during CT and remained elevated compared to community norms, despite the fact that relations between the criticism measures and depressive symptoms included both stable trait and more transient state components. [31] At the community-level, community norms and dynamics were identified as important barriers to seeking financial assistance. [32] Little research examines how older queer (lesbian and bisexual) women understand and construct meanings around their body size in the context of individual and community norms and identities. [33] There are two group effect terms- one pertaining to overall sanitation standard and the second one pertains to a penalty imposed on each member who deviates from the community norms. [34] Qualitative findings revealed varied transition experiences, influenced by community norms, passing and class privilege, HIV and structural barriers. [35] Hayne’s real message is the need to link law and morality, community norms and expectations with legal reality. [36] Results Parents of children and adolescents born with a CMN reported significantly lower HRQOL and somewhat higher emotional and behavioral problems compared to community norms. [37] Cultural competence is having an awareness of one’s own cultural identity perceptions and views about difference, and the ability to learn and build on the varying cultural and community norms of students and their families (Munoz and Graybill, 2015). [38] This process appears to be largely driven by community norms and stigmas associated with disability. [39] Due to religious and community norms, many Haredi millennials were shielded from digital technology, and particularly the Internet and the various technologies associated with it, such as text messaging and social media. [40] Four key ethical considerations emerged, namely, respect for community norms and cultural practices; confidentiality, privacy, and forced disclosure; identifying potential risks and benefits; and voluntariness and capacity to consent. [41] Individuals' affective reactions are conditioned by the social world, and therefore reflect their community norms. [42] It compares women in ‘regional’ marriages (which conform to caste and community norms with a relatively small marriage distance) with women in ‘cross-regional’ marriages (those that cross caste, linguistic, and state boundaries, and entail long-distance migration). [43] 2 Like medical decisions writ large, the decision to pursue equivocal incidental findings may vary across physicians—informed not just by clinical need but also by physician factors such as training, fear of liability, discomfort with uncertainty, cost-consciousness, and perceived patient demand, or by health system factors such as malpractice laws and community norms. [44] This study focused on the drivers of online child sexual exploitation and abuse (OCSEA) among Filipino children and youth, with emphasis on community norms. [45] This combination of distrust and disdain is reflected in community norms of ‘‘don’t snitch,’’ protests of policing practices, greater ownership of weapons for protection, and critiques of school disciplinary practices. [46] A deep review of the literature provided insights into areas of family and community norms, Pakistan’s educational context, and influences from institutions outside education. [47] Wilcoxon Rank Sums Test analysis indicated the parents and guardians prioritised the following usages in order of importance to student outcomes: learning readiness, aptitude, personal development, community norms, socialisation, and guidance and counselling. [48] From the results of this study it can be concluded that both folklores have the similarity about jealousy towards siblings and the goodness of luck which is a reflection of social behavior, human relationships to others and other living creatures, as well as community norms. [49] Perceiving the community norms of alcohol use among students: some research implications for campus alcohol education programming. [50]在社区规范和范式转变以促进运动的包容性和多样性的需要的背景下讨论了影响和发现。 [1] 这些价值观包含在社区规范中，这些规范代代相传，旨在维持社区粮食生产和消费的可持续性。 [2] 内 临床量表，该组得分高于社区标准和 为从事 IPV 的男性发布关于负面关系、反社会的规范 行为和酒精问题。 [3] 数学艺术不仅仅是一种外展工具或一种发现方法，它本身已成为一门学科，拥有社区规范、期刊和会议。 [4] 通过文化谦逊、真正的参与和权力分享、承认精神疾病和精神卫生保健的耻辱、尊重社区规范和偏好以及承认难民社区内的文化适应和代际差异来采用创伤知情护理原则，这些都是最佳实践的缩影。建立和维护有意义的社区咨询委员会。 [5] 该研究的结果强调，家庭胁迫、社区规范和缺乏生计选择是女性从事性工作的主要促成因素。 [6] 外部因素包括家庭和社区规范等社会影响、文化上接受的替代方案以及社区对卫生系统提供优质护理能力的看法。 [7] 焦点小组讨论指南包括以下问题：(1) 家庭/家庭动态，(2) 社区规范，(3) 医疗保健系统，(4) 女性获得医疗保健，(5) 结核病意识，以及 (6) 女性获得医疗保健结核病护理。 [8] 该矩阵说明了能力、动机和机会以及诸如获取、文化、社区规范和行为、经济驱动力以及知识和信息等因素之间的相互作用，并深入了解了打击非法酒类销售和消费的缓解策略，这可能证明对政策制定者的价值在世界各地。 [9] 本研究得到的结果是：1）tumpeng tawonsiege 传统的口述文学是一种以神话和民间信仰形式存在的口述传统； 2) tumpeng wasp 围城传统所包含的价值观包括神性价值观、人与人之间的和谐、人与人之间的平等、多样性、真诚、不屈不挠、对他人有用和对实现目标的关注； 3) tumpeng wasp 围攻传统具有投影系统、批准文化机构和机构的工具、教育工具（教学工具）以及强制和监督工具的功能，因此社区规范将始终得到遵守成员。 [10] 我们探讨了个人层面对性骚扰的看法和经历，以及社区对性骚扰的规范和期望。 [11] 将军民关系语境化的重要考虑因素包括军事文化-语言理解、人权促进和基于社区的需求评估；这样的焦点可以促进军方对社区规范的理解以及与军事目标的民间合作。 [12] 土地使用权制度包括关于这种资源的不断变化的社会关系，这些关系通常是通过有说服力的叙述来达成和维持的，这些叙述是通过关于遗产、身份、生计和社区规范的社会价值主张来构建的。 [13] ，自我催吐）超过社区规范。 [14] 包括学生计划者、同伴反馈和讨论在内的文化工具将学生的自我调节学习与评估书面文本的社区规范联系起来。 [15] 在定性方面，24 家 KII 认为 CAB 成员具有理解和审查研究文件的一些技能和能力，可以为社区规范和期望提供指导，并向调查人员提供有价值的反馈。 [16] 为了评估短期结果，将每两年对每个社区的 10 名关键线人进行一次调查，了解采用基于科学的预防、合作、社区支持和社区规范。 [17] 另一方面，引用证据和批评的反馈，以及对维基百科社区规范的引用，更有可能说服贡献者进行编辑，但不太可能导致积极情绪。 [18] 权力下放还使平台运营商能够通过增加与用户的接触和促进社区规范的探索来更好地应对执法失败。 [19] 本研究旨在确定妇女赋权和社区规范以及其他相关因素是否与埃塞俄比亚妇女的卫生设施服务利用有关。 [20] 主题包括个人和社区层面的 CIM 疼痛管理的促进因素（与父母对儿童需求的看法和提供者提供护理的愿望一致，CIM 与精神信仰和社区规范的一致性）以及人际、组织和政治层面的障碍（跨专业挑战、缺乏转诊和分诊疼痛患者的后勤保障、缺乏护理的报酬/保险报销）。 [21] 三年后，直接存款和培训广泛地放宽了女性自己与工作相关的规范，并改变了对社区规范的看法。 [22] 政策制定者应将 DIY 生物实验室视为科学企业的合法组成部分，并注意社区规范的作用。 [23] 当代巴布亚新几内亚妇女根据谁的条件来决定如何着装：她们自己的，还是按照社区规范和标准？影响这些规范和标准的白人和殖民权力的当代和历史背景是什么？本文汇集了一位年轻的专业巴布亚新几内亚妇女及其亲属的经历和观点，与一位年轻的英裔伊朗女人类学家对话。 [24] 基于自由裁量权目标模型的理论支架，我们的研究使用来自美国南部一个绝大多数少数族裔城市的 190 名宣誓军官的自我报告调查数据来调查军官种族与优先黑人和非黑人之间的关系官员将社区规范和期望视为对其决策过程的影响。 [25] 可以得出结论，社区规范和责任是废物管理的主要因素。 [26] ，以识别可能对高温风险沟通的有效性提出挑战的“常识”或社区规范、信仰和价值观。 [27] 投票分数表明与社区规范的趋同和分歧。 [28] 使用 t 检验将参与者自我报告的心理 HRQOL、焦虑和解决问题的能力与社区规范进行比较。 [29] 焦点小组讨论指南包括以下问题：(1) 家庭/家庭动态 (2) 社区规范 (3) 医疗保健系统 (4) 女性获得医疗保健的机会 (5) 结核病意识；以及 (6) 女性获得结核病护理的机会. [30] 尽管批评措施与抑郁症状之间的关系包括稳定的特质和更多的短暂状态成分，但与社区规范相比，两种批评措施在 CT 期间几乎没有下降，并且仍然高于社区规范。 [31] 在社区层面，社区规范和动态被确定为寻求财政援助的重要障碍。 [32] 很少有研究调查年长的酷儿（女同性恋和双性恋）女性如何在个人和社区规范和身份的背景下理解和构建围绕其体型的意义。 [33] 有两个群体效应术语 - 一个与整体卫生标准有关，第二个与对偏离社区规范的每个成员施加的惩罚有关。 [34] 定性研究结果揭示了受社区规范、传球和阶级特权、艾滋病毒和结构性障碍影响的各种过渡经历。 [35] 海恩的真正信息是需要将法律和道德、社区规范和期望与法律现实联系起来。 [36] 结果 与社区规范相比，患有 CMN 的儿童和青少年的父母报告说 HRQOL 显着降低，情绪和行为问题稍高。 [37] 文化能力是对自己的文化身份认知和对差异的看法的认识，以及学习和建立学生及其家庭不同文化和社区规范的能力（Munoz 和 Graybill，2015 年）。 [38] 这一过程似乎很大程度上是由与残疾相关的社区规范和污名驱动的。 [39] 由于宗教和社区规范，许多 Haredi 千禧一代不受数字技术的影响，尤其是互联网和与之相关的各种技术，例如短信和社交媒体。 [40] 出现了四个关键的伦理考虑，即尊重社区规范和文化习俗；保密、隐私和强制披露；识别潜在的风险和收益；自愿性和同意能力。 [41] 个人的情感反应受社会世界的制约，因此反映了他们的社区规范。 [42] 它将“地区”婚姻中的女性（符合种姓和社区规范，婚姻距离相对较小）与“跨地区”婚姻中的女性（跨越种姓、语言和国家界限并需要长途迁移的女性）进行比较）。 [43] 2 就像医疗决定一样，寻求模棱两可的偶然发现的决定可能因医生而异——不仅取决于临床需求，还取决于医生因素，例如培训、对责任的恐惧、对不确定性的不适、成本意识和感知的患者需求，或受医疗系统因素影响，例如医疗事故法和社区规范。 [44] 本研究侧重于菲律宾儿童和青少年在线儿童性剥削和性虐待 (OCSEA) 的驱动因素，重点是社区规范。 [45] 这种不信任和轻蔑的结合反映在“不要告密”的社区规范、对警务实践的抗议、对保护武器的更多所有权以及对学校纪律实践的批评。 [46] 对文献的深入回顾提供了对家庭和社区规范领域、巴基斯坦教育背景以及教育以外机构的影响的见解。 [47] Wilcoxon Rank Sums Test 分析表明，家长和监护人按照对学生成绩的重要性排序，优先考虑以下用途：学习准备、能力、个人发展、社区规范、社交以及指导和咨询。 [48] 从这项研究的结果可以得出结论，两个民间传说在对兄弟姐妹的嫉妒和好运方面都有相似之处，这是社会行为、与他人和其他生物的人际关系以及社区规范的反映。 [49] 了解学生饮酒的社区规范：对校园酒精教育计划的一些研究意义。 [50]
Local Community Norms
Simultaneously, efforts to govern these developing spaces are made more complex by the distributed landscape of virtual reality applications and the dynamic nature of local community norms. [1] Scientists interpret child development and education in terms of explanatory models that resonate with their disciplinary preoccupations, policymakers in terms of political agendas, professionals such as teachers in terms of principles shared by a community of practice, and primary caregivers in terms of parental ethnotheories and local community norms. [2]同时，由于虚拟现实应用的分布式环境和当地社区规范的动态性质，管理这些发展空间的工作变得更加复杂。 [1] 科学家根据与他们的学科重点产生共鸣的解释模型来解释儿童发展和教育，根据政治议程解释政策制定者，根据实践社区共享的原则来解释教师等专业人士，并根据父母民族理论和当地社区规范。 [2]
Perceived Community Norms
Governments and policymakers often have to change minds among reticent populations and shift perceived community norms in order to pave the way for peaceful reintegration. [1] ’s (2019) research with male and female adolescents offers a more comprehensive measure of individual gender attitudes and perceived community norms than that seen in prior studies, by including items on education, domestic time use, financial inclusion and economic empowerment, relationships and marriage, and sexual and reproductive health; notably, reliability on community norms was stronger than that seen for gender attitudes, possibly because of more rapidly shifting gendered beliefs among youth. [2]政府和政策制定者常常不得不改变沉默寡言的民众的想法，改变人们认为的社区规范，以便为和平重返社会铺平道路。 [1] （2019 年）对男性和女性青少年的研究提供了比先前研究更全面的个人性别态度和感知社区规范的衡量标准，包括教育、家庭时间使用、金融包容性和经济赋权、人际关系和婚姻等项目，以及性健康和生殖健康；值得注意的是，社区规范的可靠性要强于性别态度，这可能是因为青年中的性别观念转变更快。 [2]
community norms around
Findings revealed challenges related to implementing SBIRT within an college health care setting and combating the community norms around drinking common on college campuses. [1] Using data from Demographic and Health Surveys from 29 sub-Saharan African countries, we examine how a woman’s deviation from community norms around socioeconomic characteristics and gender and fertility norms and behaviors is associated with modern contraceptive use. [2]调查结果揭示了在大学医疗保健环境中实施 SBIRT 和打击大学校园内常见饮酒的社区规范相关的挑战。 [1] 我们使用来自 29 个撒哈拉以南非洲国家的人口和健康调查数据，研究女性在社会经济特征、性别和生育规范和行为方面偏离社区规范与现代避孕药具使用有何关联。 [2]