Citrus Fruits(柑橘类水果)研究综述
Citrus Fruits 柑橘类水果 - Oxygenated heterocyclic compounds (OHCs) are among the most biologically active components in citrus fruits which exert health benefits but also involve juice-drug interactions. [1] Notably, the packhouse treatments did not show significant effect on the relative abundance of Penicillium in the peel tissue, which are, the most common postharvest pathogen of citrus fruits. [2] First‐generation adults emerge in April and oviposit on the peduncle and calyx of citrus fruits. [3] The data submitted in support of the requests were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for citrus fruits, apricots, peaches, tomatoes, aubergines, cucumbers and hops. [4] Both in vitro and in situ antifungal assays indicated that TFr extract as a natural antifungal agent can be potentially applied to control postharvest blue mold disease in citrus fruits. [5] In the direction of normative and methodological assurance of the safety of environmental objects and imported food products, analytical approaches to the determination of a fungicide of the quinone class - dithianone in the air and citrus fruits were optimized. [6] This fruit stands third in position among the citrus fruits in this region. [7] Granulation is a physiological disorder of juice sacs in citrus fruits, which develops through secondary cell wall formation. [8] Citrus fruits are a rich source of high-value bioactive compounds and their consumption has been associated with beneficial effects on human health. [9] PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Rutin is plenteous in a variety of commonly ingested foods such as onion, wine, grape, citrus fruits, tea, and buckwheat. [10] Hesperetin, a citrus flavonoid, is mainly found in citrus fruits (oranges, grapefruit, and lemons) and possesses multiple pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-Alzheimer and anti-diabetic effects. [11] Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Institute (ICSFRI) has generated a technology of Bujangseta (bearing fruits throughout the year) to increase citrus plant productivity and to support the sustainable availability of citrus fruits in the market. [12] Diosmetin (Dio), a natural flavonoid obtained from citrus fruits, has been shown to have anti-tumor effects in lung, liver, and skin cancers. [13] Citrus orchards receive increasing amounts of nitrogen fertilizer for the purpose of optimal yields and good quality of citrus fruits. [14] BACKGROUND Limonene, a common terpene found in citrus fruits, is assumed to reduce stress and mood disorders. [15] Citrus fruits (Citrus limon) are rich in flavonoids (naringin and hesperidin), polyphenols and vitamin C; the extracts of citrus peels are effective against food borne bacteria. [16] Flavonoids are rich in seeds, citrus fruits, olive oil, tea and red wine. [17] Neohesperidin, a flavonoid in citrus fruits, is a natural antioxidant. [18] This study aimed to examine if nobiletin, which is found in the peel of citrus fruits, could inhibit inflammatory responses in interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). [19] Naringenin, a natural flavonoid widely found in citrus fruits, has been reported to possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties as a natural dietary supplement. [20] Naringenin, a lipophilic flavanone of citrus fruits, was encapsulated for enhanced bioavailability using biodegradable polymers of polylactic acid/polyvinyl alcohol (PLA/PVA) as well as zein/pectin as P/P-Nar-NPs and Z/P-Nar-NPs, respectively. [21] Limonin and gedunin found mainly in the citrus fruits and neem showed the highest binding energy at the active site of furin and TMPRSS2, respectively. [22] Phytophotodermatitis is a cutaneous phototoxic reaction resulting from contact with plant compounds such as furocoumarin in citrus fruits, followed by exposure to ultraviolet light. [23] Naringin is an important flavonoid from citrus fruits which contributes bitter taste to citrus juices. [24] These results revealed that allele composition would highly influence the carotenoid composition in citrus fruits. [25] Low yield of citrus fruits that is the challenge facing developing countries including Pakistan. [26] There results showed that citrus fruits have riched source of minerals and have highest concentrations of Cu (2. [27] Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) contained in the peel of citrus fruits have anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antidepressant effects. [28] The beneficial effects of Citrus fruits and their secondary metabolites on the cardiovascular system are well established. [29] During the postharvest period, citrus fruits can be affected by phytopathogens such as Penicillium digitatum, which causes green mold disease and is responsible for up to 90% of total citrus losses. [30] Citrus fruits are a rich source of (poly)phenols, a group of dietary bioactive compounds that protect against developing type 2 diabetes. [31] ) is one of the main problems in citrus fruits. [32] The proposed method enables an in situ voltammetric determination of ascorbic and oxalic acids in citrus fruits and orange juices without sample preparation. [33] Phosalone (Pln), an organophosphorus pesticide, acts as an insecticide and acaricide to control pests of crops such as nuts, citrus fruits, pomegranates, stone fruits, grapes, potatoes, and artichokes. [34] Nobiletin is a polymethoxylated flavone present in citrus fruits, which has been reported to have inhibitory effects on tumorigenesis of cancers. [35] CATA analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering was applied for the sensory characterization of 15 wild hops of Portuguese genotypes, clustering them in two groups: one more sulphurous, floral, and fruity, and another more earthy, resinous, floral, and non-citrus fruits. [36] Hesperidin (HSP) is a flavanone glycoside predominantly found in citrus fruits and has various beneficial health effects. [37] All over, citrus fruits have an important role to prevent human cardiovascular diseases, and source for foreign currencies by exportation to the world markets. [38] The incorporation of an intelligent drone that replaces one of the main tasks of farmers, direct visual inspection in order to reduce future damage to citrus production generated by bird pests, where the use of a convolutional neuronal network will serve to extract characteristics and generate a classification model capable of distinguishing between healthy tree foliage from that which is not and which consequently presents some type of pest produced by birds taking into account the coloration of the leaves, as well as, extracting the coloration of the leaves that present diseases, with the aim of optimizing and improving the activities immersed in the cultivation of citrus fruits. [39] Citrus fruits (orange, lemon, mandarin, and grapefruit) are one of the most extensively cultivated crops. [40] Heat-modified citrus pectin, a water-soluble indigestible polysaccharide fiber derived from citrus fruits and modified by temperature treatment, has been reported to exhibit anticancer effects. [41] This study may expand our knowledge on the physiochemical characteristics and bioactive properties of citrus fruits. [42] All of these compounds except citric acid reduce pathogen levels when consumed in hosts after infection, and citric acid is a common preservative found in citrus fruits and some honeys. [43] Although didymin, a dietary flavonoid glycoside from citrus fruits, known to be a potent antioxidant with anti-cancer activities, its role in angiogenesis is not known. [44] Penicillium polonicum, an important mycotoxin producer, is much more frequently found in cereals, peanuts, onions, dried meats, citrus fruits and recently in frozen food. [45] Flavonoids are a class of polyphenolic compounds that can be extracted from citrus fruits. [46] Eriodictyol, a flavonoid, commonly presents in citrus fruits, which was well‐known for its various bioactivities. [47] It is also used for waxing of citrus fruits and for disinfection of seed boxes. [48] Today, about 25 million tons of pineapple are produced throughout the world, making it the third most consumed fruit after bananas and citrus fruits. [49] Hesperetin is a natural flavanone and an aglycone of hesperidin that is found in citrus fruits. [50]含氧杂环化合物 (OHCs) 是柑橘类水果中最具生物活性的成分之一，它对健康有益，但也涉及果汁与药物的相互作用。 [1] 值得注意的是，包装车间处理对果皮组织中青霉的相对丰度没有显着影响，青霉是柑橘类水果采后最常见的病原体。 [2] 第一代成虫于 4 月出现，在柑橘类水果的花梗和花萼上产卵。 [3] 为支持请求而提交的数据足以得出柑橘类水果、杏子、桃子、西红柿、茄子、黄瓜和啤酒花的最大残留限量提案。 [4] 体外和原位抗真菌试验表明，作为天然抗真菌剂的 TFr 提取物可潜在地应用于控制柑橘类水果采后蓝霉病。 [5] 在环境物品和进口食品安全的规范和方法保证方向上，优化了测定空气和柑橘类水果中醌类杀菌剂二噻酮的分析方法。 [6] 这种水果在该地区的柑橘类水果中排名第三。 [7] 粒化是柑橘类水果汁液囊的一种生理紊乱，它是通过次生细胞壁形成而发展起来的。 [8] 柑橘类水果是高价值生物活性化合物的丰富来源，其消费与对人类健康的有益影响有关。 [9] 实际应用：芦丁在洋葱、葡萄酒、葡萄、柑橘类水果、茶和荞麦等多种常见食物中含量丰富。 [10] 橙皮素是一种柑橘类黄酮类化合物，主要存在于柑橘类水果（橙子、葡萄柚和柠檬）中，具有多种药理特性，包括抗癌、抗阿尔茨海默病和抗糖尿病作用。 [11] 印度尼西亚柑橘和亚热带水果研究所 (ICSFRI) 开发了一种 Bujangseta（全年结果）技术，以提高柑橘植物的生产力并支持市场上柑橘类水果的可持续供应。 [12] Diosmetin (Dio) 是一种从柑橘类水果中提取的天然类黄酮，已被证明对肺癌、肝癌和皮肤癌具有抗肿瘤作用。 [13] 为了获得最佳产量和优质柑橘类水果，柑橘园需要不断增加氮肥。 [14] 背景 柠檬烯是柑橘类水果中常见的一种萜烯，被认为可以减轻压力和情绪障碍。 [15] 柑橘类水果（Citrus limon）富含类黄酮（柚皮苷和橙皮苷）、多酚和维生素C；柑橘皮提取物对食源性细菌有效。 [16] 黄酮类化合物富含种子、柑橘类水果、橄榄油、茶和红酒。 [17] 新橙皮苷是柑橘类水果中的类黄酮，是一种天然抗氧化剂。 [18] 本研究旨在检查在柑橘类水果果皮中发现的 nobiletin 是否可以抑制白介素 (IL)-1β 刺激的人牙周膜细胞 (HPDLCs) 的炎症反应。 [19] 柚皮素是一种广泛存在于柑橘类水果中的天然类黄酮，据报道，它作为一种天然膳食补充剂具有抗氧化、抗炎和保肝的特性。 [20] 柚皮素是柑橘类水果的一种亲脂性黄烷酮，使用聚乳酸/聚乙烯醇 (PLA/PVA) 和玉米醇溶蛋白/果胶的可生物降解聚合物作为 P/P-Nar-NPs 和 Z/P-Nar-NPs 封装以提高生物利用度， 分别。 [21] 主要存在于柑橘类水果和印楝中的柠檬苦素和葛杜宁分别在弗林蛋白酶和 TMPRSS2 的活性位点显示出最高的结合能。 [22] 植物日光性皮炎是一种皮肤光毒性反应，由接触柑橘类水果中的呋喃香豆素等植物化合物，然后暴露于紫外线引起。 [23] 柚皮苷是柑橘类水果中一种重要的类黄酮，对柑橘汁有苦味。 [24] 这些结果表明，等位基因组成会高度影响柑橘类水果中的类胡萝卜素组成。 [25] 柑橘类水果产量低是包括巴基斯坦在内的发展中国家面临的挑战。 [26] 结果表明，柑橘类水果矿物质来源丰富，Cu含量最高（2. [27] 柑橘类水果果皮中含有的多甲氧基黄酮 (PMF) 具有抗炎、抗癌和抗抑郁的作用。 [28] 柑橘类水果及其次生代谢物对心血管系统的有益作用已得到充分证实。 [29] 在采后期，柑橘类水果可能会受到植物病原体的影响，如指青霉，这会导致绿霉病，并造成高达 90% 的柑橘总损失。 [30] 柑橘类水果富含（多）酚，这是一组可预防发展为 2 型糖尿病的膳食生物活性化合物。 [31] ) 是柑橘类水果的主要问题之一。 [32] 所提出的方法无需样品制备即可原位伏安法测定柑橘类水果和橙汁中的抗坏血酸和草酸。 [33] Phosalone (Pln) 是一种有机磷农药，可用作杀虫剂和杀螨剂，以控制坚果、柑橘类水果、石榴、核果、葡萄、土豆和朝鲜蓟等农作物的害虫。 [34] Nobiletin 是一种存在于柑橘类水果中的多甲氧基黄酮，据报道它对癌症的肿瘤发生具有抑制作用。 [35] 应用 CATA 分析和凝聚层次聚类对 15 种葡萄牙基因型的野生啤酒花进行感官表征，将它们分为两组：一组是含硫的、花香的和果味的，另一组是泥土味的、树脂味的、花香的和非柑橘类水果。 [36] 橙皮苷 (HSP) 是一种主要存在于柑橘类水果中的黄烷酮糖苷，具有多种有益的健康作用。 [37] 一切都过去了，柑橘类水果具有预防人类心血管疾病对世界市场的重要作用，以及源外币的出口。 [38] 一个智能无人驾驶飞机，取代的农民，直接目视检查的主要任务之一，以减少将来由鸟害虫产生柑桔生产，其中使用卷积神经网络的将用于提取特征，并生成一个分类损伤的掺入模型能够区分健康的树叶和不健康的树叶，从而呈现鸟类产生的某种害虫，同时考虑到树叶的颜色，以及提取呈现疾病的树叶的颜色，目的是优化和改进沉浸在柑橘类水果种植中的活动。 [39] 柑橘类水果（橙子、柠檬、柑橘和葡萄柚）是种植最广泛的作物之一。 [40] 据报道，热改性柑橘果胶是一种源自柑橘类水果并经温度处理改性的水溶性难消化多糖纤维，具有抗癌作用。 [41] 这项研究可能会扩展我们对柑橘类水果的理化特性和生物活性特性的认识。 [42] 除柠檬酸外，所有这些化合物在宿主感染后食用时都会降低病原体水平，柠檬酸是柑橘类水果和一些蜂蜜中常见的防腐剂。 [43] 虽然 didymin 是一种来自柑橘类水果的膳食类黄酮苷，已知是一种具有抗癌活性的强效抗氧化剂，但其在血管生成中的作用尚不清楚。 [44] Polonicillium polonicum 是一种重要的霉菌毒素生产者，更常见于谷物、花生、洋葱、干肉、柑橘类水果和最近的冷冻食品中。 [45] 黄酮类化合物是一类可从柑橘类水果中提取的多酚类化合物。 [46] 圣草酚是一种黄酮类化合物，通常存在于柑橘类水果中，以其各种生物活性而闻名。 [47] 它也用于柑橘类水果的打蜡和种子盒的消毒。 [48] 今天，全世界生产了大约 2500 万吨菠萝，使其成为仅次于香蕉和柑橘类水果的第三大消费水果。 [49] 橙皮素是一种天然黄烷酮和橙皮苷的苷元，存在于柑橘类水果中。 [50]
existing maximum residue 现有最大残留量
and Tilco‐Alginure GmbH submitted respectively two requests to the competent national authorities in Greece and Germany, to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance potassium phosphonates in certain citrus fruits and in herbal infusions from leaves and herbs. [1] submitted a request to the competent national authority in Spain to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) in citrus fruits, bananas and witloofs. [2]Tilco-Alginure GmbH 和 Tilco-Alginure GmbH 分别向希腊和德国的国家主管部门提交了两项请求，以修改某些柑橘类水果以及叶子和草药浸液中活性物质膦酸钾的现有最大残留水平 (MRL)。 [1] 向西班牙国家主管部门提交了修改柑橘类水果、香蕉和金针菇中现有最大残留水平 (MRL) 的请求。 [2]
Especially Citrus Fruits 尤其是柑橘类水果
capitata control programme to protect crops, especially citrus fruits, because this community is the largest national producer and the leading region for fresh citrus exports in the world. [1] Eriodictyol (ERD) is a natural flavonoid that exists in many vegetables and fruits, especially citrus fruits. [2] Rutin is synthesized in higher plants, and it was found in various fruits and fruit rinds, especially citrus fruits and berries such as Ruta graveolens and Morus alba. [3] Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) has invaded Jiangxi, a subtropical area of China and poses a serious threat to its host crops, especially citrus fruits. [4]保护作物，特别是柑橘类水果的资本控制计划，因为该社区是世界上最大的国家生产商和新鲜柑橘出口的主要地区。 [1] 圣草酚 (ERD) 是一种天然类黄酮，存在于许多蔬菜和水果中，尤其是柑橘类水果中。 [2] 芦丁在高等植物中合成，存在于各种水果和果皮中，尤其是柑橘类水果和浆果，如芸香和桑白皮。 [3] Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) 入侵中国亚热带江西省，对其寄主作物，特别是柑橘类水果构成严重威胁。 [4]
Selected Citrus Fruits 精选柑橘类水果
The research aims to discover the natural occurrence of patulin (PAT) in selected citrus fruits from the central cities of Punjab and Pakistan's Northern cities. [1] This research aims to assess the natural occurrence of patulin (PAT) in selected citrus fruits from central cities of Punjab and Pakistan’s northern cities. [2] Methods: The antibacterial activity of juice and peel extract of fi ve selected citrus fruits [C1Citrus reticulata (mandarin orange), C2Citrus limetta (sweet lime), C3Citrus aurantifolia (lime), C4Citrus limon (lemon) and C5Citrus maxima (pommelo)] on three Gram positive and fi ve Gram negative bacterial strains were examined. [3]该研究旨在发现来自旁遮普中心城市和巴基斯坦北部城市的选定柑橘类水果中棒曲霉素 (PAT) 的自然存在。 [1] 本研究旨在评估来自旁遮普中心城市和巴基斯坦北部城市的选定柑橘类水果中棒曲霉素 (PAT) 的自然存在情况。 [2] nan [3]
Among Citrus Fruits 在柑橘类水果中
Kinnow is the sole exportable entity among citrus fruits of Pakistan, but occurrence of large seed number is a big hindrance towards consumer acceptability and processing industry. [1] Hesperetin is a common citrus flavanone widely distributed among citrus fruits. [2] Among citrus fruits, Citrus × latifolia (Yu. [3]Kinnow是巴基斯坦柑橘类水果中唯一可出口的实体，但大量种子的出现是消费者接受度和加工行业的一大障碍。 [1] 橙皮素是一种常见的柑橘黄烷酮，广泛分布于柑橘类水果中。 [2] nan [3]
Eating Citrus Fruits
7%) drinking tea, 51 patients (85%) eating big meals, 21 patients (35%) drinking fruit juices, 54 patients (90%) eating sour foods, 51 patients (85%) eating citrus fruits, and 22 patients (36. [1] With in-vitro digestion and human intestinal HepG2 cells, we analyzed the bioaccessibility and cell uptake of phytochemicals and determined the cellular antioxidant capacity (CAA) of fresh eating citrus fruits. [2]7%）喝茶，51例（85%）吃大餐，21例（35%）喝果汁，54例（90%）吃酸味食物，51例（85%）吃柑橘类水果，22例（ 36. [1] 通过体外消化和人类肠道 HepG2 细胞，我们分析了植物化学物质的生物可及性和细胞摄取，并确定了新鲜食用柑橘类水果的细胞抗氧化能力 (CAA)。 [2]
Imported Citrus Fruits
The present study involved the isolation and diagnosis of molds and yeasts which affecting the local and imported citrus fruits available in the local markets of the Mosul. [1] yothersi on imported citrus fruits from countries where citrus leprosis is present. [2]本研究涉及霉菌和酵母菌的分离和诊断，这些霉菌和酵母菌会影响摩苏尔当地市场上的本地和进口柑橘类水果。 [1] yothersi 关于从存在柑橘麻风病的国家进口的柑橘类水果。 [2]
Lime Citrus Fruits
Eriocitrin is a flavanone glycoside, which exists in lemon or lime citrus fruits. [1] Eriocitrin is a flavanone glycoside which exists in lemon or lime citrus fruits. [2]圣草次苷是一种黄烷酮糖苷，存在于柠檬或酸橙柑橘类水果中。 [1] 圣草次苷是一种黄烷酮糖苷，存在于柠檬或酸橙柑橘类水果中。 [2]