Bipolar Spectrum(双极谱)研究综述
Bipolar Spectrum 双极谱 - During the follow-up, newly developed unipolar major depression and bipolar spectrum (bipolar I or II and cyclothymic) disorders appeared in 64% and 22% of subjects, respectively. [1] For the remaining women, postpartum psychosis was part of a mood/psychotic disorder with severe non-postpartum recurrence, mainly in the bipolar spectrum. [2] Lithium carbonate changed the chaotic invariants of the EEG Schwarzian dynamics and removed sharp boundaries in the bipolar spectrum. [3] 4%; n = 132); bipolar spectrum (28%; n = 102); and trauma-related disorders (20. [4] All these characteristics suggest that the disorders within the bipolar spectrum are a crucial public health problem. [5] The authors investigated oddball neural deviations that discriminate multiple diagnostic groups across the schizophrenia-bipolar spectrum (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, psychotic bipolar disorder, and nonpsychotic bipolar disorder) and clarified their relationship to clinical and cognitive features. [6] Our objective was to investigate their association with the bipolar spectrum and antidepressant treatment outcome in 482 outpatients with DSM-IV MDD treated in the Combining Medications to Enhance Depression Outcomes trial for 28 weeks Bipolar spectrum score included age of onset <21 years, subthreshold hypomania (a period of elated or irritable mood with at least two concurrent hypomanic symptoms, which did not fulfill DSM criteria for hypomanic/manic episode) and depressive mixed state (DMX). [7] These results provide further neurophysiological evidence for the separation of BPD from the bipolar spectrum. [8] Conclusions The advantages for lithium use long acknowledged for bipolar I disorder are also seen for the rest of the bipolar spectrum. [9] Evaluations before performing BS and careful follow-up of patients with the bipolar spectrum are highly recommended. [10] During follow-up, she responded favourably to psychotropic drugs, pushing the diagnosis towards the bipolar spectrum, due to the notable improvement. [11] (iii) Onset/Offset and 80 Hz ITC responses were most important for group discrimination and showed dimensional reduction across the schizo-bipolar spectrum. [12] Background Previous research has identified altered processing of emotional information associated with the bipolar spectrum, but results have been inconsistent. [13] First, there seem to be different cognitive endophenotypes within the bipolar spectrum, related to different neurodevelopmental abnormalities. [14] Study participants were assessed for psychiatric symptomatology using a structured interview and the following groups were created: typically developing (n = 376), psychosis spectrum (PS; n = 113), bipolar spectrum (BP; n = 117), and BP + PS (n = 109). [15] ▶ Three common illness subtypes (psychosis, anxious depression, bipolar spectrum) based on proposed pathophysiological mechanisms (neurodevelopmental, hyperarousal, circadian). [16] Some authors include the BPD in the bipolar spectrum; others are sceptical about the existence of real comorbidity, suggesting a misdiagnosis. [17] The chapter ends with a section titled “The Bipolar Spectrum,” which discusses research related to the expansion of the disorder past types I and II and insinuates that profits may have had something to do with this. [18] Bipolar spectrum and unipolar depressive disorders have been associated with distinct and opposite profiles of reward-related neural activity. [19] The concept of bipolar spectrum and a dimensional approach on bipolar/unipolar distinction may be useful for understanding the heterogeneity of responses to ADs. [20]在随访期间，64% 和 22% 的受试者分别出现了新发展的单相重性抑郁和双相谱系（双相 I 或 II 和循环性）障碍。 [1] 对于其余的女性，产后精神病是情绪/精神病的一部分，具有严重的非产后复发，主要是双相谱系。 [2] 碳酸锂改变了脑电图施瓦兹动力学的混沌不变量，并消除了双极谱中的尖锐边界。 [3] 4%； n = 132);双极谱（28%；n = 102）；和创伤相关疾病 (20. [4] 所有这些特征表明，双极谱系中的疾病是一个至关重要的公共卫生问题。 [5] 作者调查了可区分精神分裂症-双相情感障碍（精神分裂症、分裂情感障碍、精神病性双相情感障碍和非精神病性双相情感障碍）的多个诊断组的古怪神经偏差，并阐明了它们与临床和认知特征的关系。 [6] 我们的目的是在为期 28 周的联合药物增强抑郁症结果试验中接受治疗的 482 名 DSM-IV MDD 门诊患者中调查它们与双极谱和抗抑郁治疗结果的关联双极谱评分包括发病年龄 <21 岁、阈下轻躁狂（一段兴高采烈或易怒的情绪，至少有两种并发的轻躁狂症状，不符合 DSM 的轻躁狂/躁狂发作标准）和抑郁混合状态（DMX）。 [7] 这些结果为从双极谱中分离 BPD 提供了进一步的神经生理学证据。 [8] 结论 对于双相 I 型障碍，锂的使用长期以来得到公认的优势也适用于双相谱的其余部分。 [9] 强烈建议在进行 BS 之前进行评估并仔细随访双极谱患者。 [10] 在随访期间，由于显着改善，她对精神药物反应良好，将诊断推向双极谱。 [11] (iii) 起始/偏移和 80Hz 的 ITC 响应对于群体歧视最重要，并且在分裂双极谱中显示出维度减少。 [12] 背景 以前的研究已经确定了与双极谱相关的情绪信息处理的改变，但结果并不一致。 [13] 首先，双极谱中似乎存在不同的认知内表型，与不同的神经发育异常有关。 [14] 使用结构化访谈评估研究参与者的精神症状学，并创建以下组：通常发展（n = 376）、精神病谱（PS；n = 113）、双极谱（BP；n = 117）和 BP + PS （n = 109）。 [15] ▶ 基于提出的病理生理机制（神经发育、过度觉醒、昼夜节律）的三种常见疾病亚型（精神病、焦虑抑郁、双极谱系）。 [16] 一些作者将 BPD 包括在双极谱中；其他人则对是否存在真正的合并症持怀疑态度，这表明存在误诊。 [17] 本章以“双极谱”一节结尾，讨论了与 I 型和 II 型疾病扩展相关的研究，并暗示利润可能与此有关。 [18] 双相谱系和单相抑郁症与奖赏相关神经活动的不同和相反的特征有关。 [19] 双极谱的概念和双极/单极区分的维度方法可能有助于理解对 AD 反应的异质性。 [20]
attention deficit hyperactivity 注意缺陷多动
Recent research studies speculate whether ED may be a neurodevelopmental disorder itself, a shared risk factor, or a common key feature of several psychiatric disorders, including, among others, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD). [1] OBJECTIVE To examine development of bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSD) and other disorders in prospectively followed children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). [2] K-SADS diagnoses for those identified with psychotic symptoms above threshold included major depressive disorder, bipolar spectrum disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychotic disorders, and autism spectrum disorder. [3] Neuropsychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia, bipolar spectrum disorder, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and other neuropsychiatric disorders are significantly associated with mutations in neurogenic transcriptional networks. [4]最近的研究推测 ED 本身是否可能是一种神经发育障碍、一个共同的风险因素或几种精神疾病的共同关键特征，其中包括注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 和双相情感障碍 (BSD)。 [1] 客观的 检查前瞻性跟踪的注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 儿童的双相谱系障碍 (BPSD) 和其他疾病的发展。 [2] K-SADS 对精神病症状超过阈值的人的诊断包括重度抑郁症、双相情感障碍、注意力缺陷/多动障碍、创伤后应激障碍、精神病和自闭症谱系障碍。 [3] nan [4]
major depressive disorder 严重抑郁症
BACKGROUND Immune dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and other nonaffective psychosis (SCZ), bipolar spectrum disorder (BIP) and major depressive disorder (MDD). [1] METHODS Participants were those who met bipolar at risk criteria and bipolar diagnoses (bipolar spectrum group) (N = 22), major depressive disorder (unipolar depression group) (N = 18), and a non-clinical group (N = 22). [2]背景 免疫功能障碍与精神分裂症和其他非情感性精神病 (SCZ)、双相谱系障碍 (BIP) 和重度抑郁症 (MDD) 的发病机制有关。 [1] 方法 参与者是那些符合双相高危标准和双相诊断（双相谱组）（N = 22）、重度抑郁症（单相抑郁组）（N = 18）和非临床组（N = 22）的人。 [2]
bipolar spectrum disorder 双极谱系障碍
We examined early mother-to-infant bonding 1 year postpartum in mothers with bipolar spectrum disorder as compared to mothers of the general population. [1] Bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs) and substance use disorders (SUDs) are associated with neural reward dysfunction. [2] Hence, further investigation is needed to determine the eveningness trait, as it could be a trait marker of bipolar spectrum disorder. [3] Recent research studies speculate whether ED may be a neurodevelopmental disorder itself, a shared risk factor, or a common key feature of several psychiatric disorders, including, among others, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD). [4] CONCLUSION The results of our study indicate that unipolar mania might have unique neurocognitive differences compared to bipolar I disorder, which might support the hypothesis that unipolar mania is a distinct neurocognitive disorder within bipolar spectrum disorders. [5] A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ondansetron was conducted in 70 outpatients with bipolar spectrum disorders and early onset alcohol use disorder. [6] The present study examines the relationship between Perceived Criticism (PC) and Sensitivity to Criticism (SC) in youth with Bipolar Spectrum Disorder (BPSD), their symptomatic experiences, and family functioning. [7] Methods Participants with schizophrenia and bipolar spectrum disorders (N = 819) were included, cardiometabolic risk factors (serum lipids, body mass index, and waist circumference) were measured, and history of childhood trauma was assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. [8] Bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSD) affect approximately 3. [9] Our objective was to develop and independently replicate an individual risk calculator for bipolar spectrum disorders among the offspring of BD parents using data collected in routine clinical practice. [10] METHODS Items selection and subscales construction were conducted on healthy controls (n=374), while test-retest reliability was evaluated in a subsample (n=72); internal consistency was examined both in the control group and in two clinical samples, respectively including patients with Bipolar Spectrum Disorders (BSD; n=44) and ADHD (n=34). [11] BACKGROUND Immune dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and other nonaffective psychosis (SCZ), bipolar spectrum disorder (BIP) and major depressive disorder (MDD). [12] Affective dysregulation is present in those with subsyndromal symptoms of hypomania and mania and prospectively predicts the development of bipolar spectrum disorders. [13] We aimed to investigate the associations between CMV exposure and intelligence quotient (IQ) in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SZS), bipolar spectrum disorders (BDS) and healthy controls (HC). [14] Affective dysregulation is present in those with subsyndromal symptoms of hypomania and mania and prospectively predicts the development of bipolar spectrum disorders. [15] A subgroup of those with bipolar spectrum disorders experience ongoing mood fluctuations outside of full episodes. [16] In Africa, the lifetime prevalence of the bipolar spectrum disorders is slightly lower at 0. [17] 9% bipolar spectrum disorders), 24% (range 21%-29%) died of cancer. [18] BACKGROUND State-of-the-art research highlights that borderline personality disorder (PD) and bipolar spectrum disorders have clinical characteristics in common, which imply uncertainty in differential diagnoses. [19] Delivery hospitalizations to women age 15-54 with and without mental health condition diagnoses including depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, bipolar spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia spectrum disorder were identified. [20] 381 adult patients with SMI (schizophrenia spectrum or bipolar spectrum disorders) and 396 HC were included. [21] Introduction: Although sleep disturbances are well documented in bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs), significantly less research has examined whether these disturbances are present in those at risk for developing BSDs or with subsyndromal symptoms. [22] Of the eight newer surveys, five (two Brazilian, one English, one Turkish, one United States) provided information of pre-adolescent prevalence rates of bipolar spectrum disorder. [23] Patients with night-eating behavior were significantly more frequently diagnosed with bipolar spectrum disorders and with comorbid eating and mood disorders in comparison with other patients. [24] METHODS Participants were offspring of women with a diagnosis of bipolar spectrum disorder, aged 6 to 14 years. [25] Background: An emotional intelligence (EI) deficit has been noticed in euthymic bipolar spectrum disorder (BD) patients. [26] The idea that bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs) are characterized by enhanced sensitivity to rewarding stimuli is at the core of the reward hypersensitivity model, one of the most prominent and well-supported theories of BSDs. [27] OBJECTIVE To examine development of bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSD) and other disorders in prospectively followed children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). [28] A score of ≥5 on WHIPLASHED was defined as a positive screen for bipolar spectrum disorder by its developer. [29] Background Irritability has been identified a mood-related symptom of the bipolar spectrum disorders, but associations have not been firmly established between (hypo)manic attributes and physical aggression. [30] Older age, atypical sexual orientation, and disability were associated with elevated risk of bipolar spectrum disorder. [31] In this Journal of Personality special issue, experts in personality and psychopathology demonstrate the centrality of SAPS in unipolar depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar spectrum disorder, eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, complex trauma and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), social anxiety disorder, suicidality in the context of mood disorders, and recovery from schizophrenia. [32] In order of risk of comorbidity, PTSD was associated with: Bipolar Spectrum Disorders (MDQ+), Panic Disorders (PD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). [33] Despite a growing body of knowledge on bipolar spectrum disorder (BSD), relatively little is known about the clinical characteristics of BSD in medical students. [34] We conducted a network analysis of mood symptoms in adolescents with or at risk for bipolar spectrum disorders. [35] RESULTS NA variability was associated with bipolar spectrum disorders at baseline and follow-up. [36] BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Bipolar spectrum disorder (BSD) is an extended concept of bipolar disorder (BD) that includes conditions that do not fulfill the criteria. [37] K-SADS diagnoses for those identified with psychotic symptoms above threshold included major depressive disorder, bipolar spectrum disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychotic disorders, and autism spectrum disorder. [38] Both reward sensitivity and impulsivity are related to the development and course of bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs) and have been implicated in other disorders and negative functional outcomes such as substance abuse, obesity, suicidal behaviors, and risk-taking. [39] OBJECTIVE The Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth study (Birmaher and colleagues) found that children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorders followed one of four distinct mood trajectories over 8 years of follow-up, with as many as 25% showing a predominantly euthymic course. [40] OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of borderline personality and its association with binge-eating and bipolar spectrum disorder in college students. [41] Background The aim of this study was to apply multivariate pattern recognition to predict the severity of behavioral traits and symptoms associated with risk for bipolar spectrum disorder from patterns of whole-brain activation during reward expectancy to facilitate the identification of individual-level neural biomarkers of bipolar disorder risk. [42] com, PsycINFO via Ebsco and CINAHL Complete via Ebsco databases will be conducted to identify randomised controlled trials that have investigated pharmacological interventions in participants aged 18 years or older for mood disorders (ie, depressive disorders and bipolar spectrum disorders) and have also included assessment of personality disorder. [43] Patients with bipolar spectrum disorders received more psychotropic and nonpsychotropic PRN medications than other patients. [44] The current study assessed the success of masking omega-3 (Ω3) and psychotherapy in clinical trials of youth with depression or bipolar spectrum disorder. [45] However, researchers and clinicians who study and treat youth with bipolar spectrum disorders are familiar with a host of functional impairments that often persist even after symptoms have been stabilized. [46] Conclusions: Our results deserve further research to access the role UCB may have in the physiopathology of acute patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective/bipolar spectrum disorders. [47] Thanks to the use of the patient’s genomic profile, it is possible to recognize such risk and at the same time characterize specific genetic assets specifically associated with bipolar spectrum disorder, as well as with the individual response to the various therapeutic options. [48] Methods A data set of patients with bipolar spectrum disorders who were randomized to lithium or quetiapine-IR for 16 weeks was used. [49] Extensive research has been conducted to isolate features that distinguish bipolar spectrum disorders from unipolar depression. [50]与普通人群的母亲相比，我们检查了患有双相谱系障碍的母亲在产后 1 年的早期母婴关系。 [1] 双相谱系障碍 (BSD) 和物质使用障碍 (SUD) 与神经奖赏功能障碍有关。 [2] 因此，需要进一步研究以确定夜间特征，因为它可能是双相谱系障碍的特征标记。 [3] 最近的研究推测 ED 本身是否可能是一种神经发育障碍、一个共同的风险因素或几种精神疾病的共同关键特征，其中包括注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 和双相情感障碍 (BSD)。 [4] nan [5] 一项为期 12 周、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的昂丹司琼试验在 70 名患有双相情感障碍和早发性酒精使用障碍的门诊患者中进行。 [6] 本研究探讨了双相谱系障碍 (BPSD) 青年的感知批评 (PC) 和批评敏感度 (SC)、他们的症状体验和家庭功能之间的关系。 [7] 方法 纳入精神分裂症和双相谱系障碍患者（N = 819），测量心脏代谢危险因素（血清脂质、体重指数和腰围），并通过儿童创伤问卷评估儿童创伤史。 [8] 双相谱系障碍 (BPSD) 影响大约 3。 [9] 我们的目标是使用在常规临床实践中收集的数据，在 BD 父母的后代中开发和独立复制双相谱系障碍的个体风险计算器。 [10] 方法 在健康对照（n=374）上进行项目选择和子量表构建，而在子样本（n=72）中评估重测信度；在对照组和两个临床样本中检查了内部一致性，分别包括双极谱系障碍（BSD；n=44）和 ADHD（n=34）的患者。 [11] 背景 免疫功能障碍与精神分裂症和其他非情感性精神病 (SCZ)、双相谱系障碍 (BIP) 和重度抑郁症 (MDD) 的发病机制有关。 [12] 情感失调存在于轻躁狂和躁狂亚综合征症状的患者中，并前瞻性地预测双相谱系障碍的发展。 [13] 我们旨在研究精神分裂症谱系障碍 (SZS)、双相谱系障碍 (BDS) 和健康对照 (HC) 患者的 CMV 暴露与智商 (IQ) 之间的关联。 [14] 情感失调存在于轻躁狂和躁狂亚综合征症状的患者中，并前瞻性地预测双相谱系障碍的发展。 [15] 双相谱系障碍患者的一个亚组在完整发作之外经历持续的情绪波动。 [16] 在非洲，双相谱系障碍的终生患病率略低，为 0。 [17] 9% 双相谱系障碍），24%（范围 21%-29%）死于癌症。 [18] 背景 最新研究强调，边缘型人格障碍 (PD) 和双相谱系障碍具有共同的临床特征，这意味着鉴别诊断的不确定性。 [19] 确定了 15-54 岁女性的分娩住院治疗，无论是否诊断为精神健康状况，包括抑郁症、焦虑症、双相谱系障碍和精神分裂症谱系障碍。 [20] 纳入了 381 名患有 SMI（精神分裂症谱系或双相谱系障碍）和 396 名 HC 的成年患者。 [21] 简介：虽然睡眠障碍在双相谱系障碍 (BSD) 中得到充分证明，但很少有研究检查这些障碍是否存在于有发展 BSD 或亚综合征症状的风险中。 [22] 在八项较新的调查中，五项（两项巴西人、一项英国人、一项土耳其人、一项美国）提供了青春期前双相谱系障碍患病率的信息。 [23] 与其他患者相比，有夜食行为的患者被诊断出患有双相谱系障碍以及合并饮食和情绪障碍的频率明显更高。 [24] 方法 参与者是被诊断为双相谱系障碍的女性的后代，年龄在 6 至 14 岁之间。 [25] nan [26] 双相谱系障碍 (BSD) 的特点是对奖励刺激的敏感性增强，这是奖励超敏反应模型的核心，这是 BSD 最突出和得到充分支持的理论之一。 [27] 客观的 检查前瞻性跟踪的注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 儿童的双相谱系障碍 (BPSD) 和其他疾病的发展。 [28] WHIPLASHED 评分≥5 被其开发者定义为双相谱系障碍的阳性筛查。 [29] 背景 易怒已被确定为双相谱系障碍的情绪相关症状，但（轻）躁狂属性与身体攻击之间的关联尚未牢固确立。 [30] 年龄较大、非典型性取向和残疾与双相谱系障碍风险升高有关。 [31] 在这本人格杂志特刊中，人格和精神病理学专家证明了 SAPS 在单相抑郁症、焦虑症、双相谱系障碍、饮食失调、创伤后应激障碍、复杂创伤和边缘性人格障碍 (BPD)、社交焦虑症中的核心作用精神障碍、情绪障碍背景下的自杀和精神分裂症的康复。 [32] 按照共病风险的顺序，PTSD 与：双相情感障碍 (MDQ+)、恐慌症 (PD) 和重度抑郁症 (MDD) 相关。 [33] 尽管关于双相谱系障碍 (BSD) 的知识越来越多，但对医学生中 BSD 的临床特征知之甚少。 [34] 我们对患有或有双相谱系障碍风险的青少年的情绪症状进行了网络分析。 [35] 结果 NA 变异性与基线和随访时的双相谱系障碍相关。 [36] 背景和目标 双相谱系障碍 (BSD) 是双相情感障碍 (BD) 的扩展概念，包括不符合标准的条件。 [37] K-SADS 对精神病症状超过阈值的人的诊断包括重度抑郁症、双相情感障碍、注意力缺陷/多动障碍、创伤后应激障碍、精神病和自闭症谱系障碍。 [38] 奖励敏感性和冲动性都与双相谱系障碍 (BSD) 的发展和病程有关，并与其他疾病和负面功能结果有关，例如药物滥用、肥胖、自杀行为和冒险。 [39] 客观的 双极青年研究的过程和结果（Birmaher 及其同事）发现，在 8 年的随访中，患有双相谱系障碍的儿童和青少年遵循四种不同的情绪轨迹之一，多达 25% 的人表现出主要是情绪正常的过程。 [40] 客观的 研究大学生边缘型人格的患病率及其与暴食和双相情感障碍的关系。 [41] 背景 本研究的目的是应用多变量模式识别来预测与双相谱系障碍风险相关的行为特征和症状的严重程度，从奖励预期期间的全脑激活模式来促进双相情感个体水平神经生物标志物的识别紊乱风险。 [42] com、PsycINFO via Ebsco 和 CINAHL Complete via Ebsco 数据库将用于确定随机对照试验，这些试验调查了对 18 岁或以上参与者的情绪障碍（即抑郁症和双相谱系障碍）的药物干预，还包括评估人格障碍。 [43] 双相谱系障碍患者比其他患者接受更多的精神和非精神 PRN 药物。 [44] 目前的研究评估了 omega-3 (Ω3) 和心理治疗在青少年抑郁症或双相谱系障碍临床试验中的成功。 [45] 然而，研究和治疗患有双相谱系障碍的青少年的研究人员和临床医生熟悉许多功能障碍，即使在症状稳定后这些功能障碍也常常持续存在。 [46] 结论：我们的结果值得进一步研究，以了解 UCB 在急性精神分裂症/分裂情感/双相谱系障碍患者的病理生理学中可能发挥的作用。 [47] 由于使用患者的基因组图谱，可以识别这种风险，同时表征与双相谱系障碍特别相关的特定遗传资产，以及个体对各种治疗方案的反应。 [48] 方法 使用随机接受锂或喹硫平-IR 治疗 16 周的双相谱系障碍患者的数据集。 [49] nan [50]
bipolar spectrum diagnostic
The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D), Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS), Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS-J), and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDISS) were used as secondary assessments. [1] Bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale (BSDS) was used to evaluate bipolar spectrum, and temperament assessment scale and Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa and San Diego Auto questionnaire (TEMPS-A) was used to assess affective temperament of participants. [2] Background: Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS) are used to screen patients with bipolar disorders and have been examined in some psychiatric settings. [3] Bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale (BSDS) was used. [4] Demographic questionnaire, Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS) were used. [5] OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Turkish Version of the Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS). [6]流行病学研究中心-抑郁症 (CES-D)、双极谱诊断量表 (BSDS)、Liebowitz 社交焦虑量表 (LSAS-J) 和 Sheehan 残疾量表 (SDISS) 被用作次要评估。 [1] 双极谱诊断量表（BSDS）用于评估双极谱，气质评估量表和孟菲斯、比萨和圣地亚哥汽车气质评估问卷（TEMPS-A）用于评估参与者的情感气质。 [2] 背景：情绪障碍问卷 (MDQ) 和双相情感障碍诊断量表 (BSDS) 用于筛查双相情感障碍患者，并已在一些精神病学环境中进行了检查。 [3] 使用双极谱诊断量表（BSDS）。 [4] 使用人口统计问卷、情绪障碍问卷（MDQ）和双极谱诊断量表（BSDS）。 [5] 客观的 本研究的目的是评估土耳其版双极谱诊断量表 (BSDS) 的信度和效度。 [6]