Surgical Masks
外科口罩
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Surgical Masks sentence examples within personal protective equipment
Despite Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as standard surgical masks and N95 masks are designed to filter respectively particles over 5 lm and 0.
儘管標準外科口罩和 N95 口罩等個人防護設備 (PPE) 旨在分別過濾超過 5 lm 和 0 的顆粒。
儘管標準外科口罩和 N95 口罩等個人防護設備 (PPE) 旨在分別過濾超過 5 lm 和 0 的顆粒。
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During the endoscopy examination, endoscopy staff wear all personal protective equipment: surgical masks, face shields, disposable hats, shoe covers, gowns and gloves.
內窺鏡檢查期間,內窺鏡工作人員穿戴所有個人防護設備:外科口罩、面罩、一次性帽子、鞋套、長袍和手套。
內窺鏡檢查期間,內窺鏡工作人員穿戴所有個人防護設備:外科口罩、面罩、一次性帽子、鞋套、長袍和手套。
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Surgical Masks sentence examples within filtering face piece
Sampling was performed using swaps on both sides (inside and outside) of various surgical masks, N-95, and filtering face piece FFP2 through standard methods in compliance with the relevant conditions and from a surface of at least 5 cm2.
通過符合相關條件的標準方法在至少 5 cm2 的表面上使用交換各種外科口罩 N-95 和過濾面罩 FFP2 的兩側(內側和外側)進行採樣。
通過符合相關條件的標準方法在至少 5 cm2 的表面上使用交換各種外科口罩 N-95 和過濾面罩 FFP2 的兩側(內側和外側)進行採樣。
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Among them, respirators known as Filtering Face Pieces (FFP) show a protective superiority compared to surgical masks.
其中,被稱為過濾面罩(FFP)的呼吸器與外科口罩相比具有保護優勢。
其中,被稱為過濾面罩(FFP)的呼吸器與外科口罩相比具有保護優勢。
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Surgical Masks sentence examples within cervical flexor endurance
Introduction: World health organization recommends protective mask as a primary preventive measure to offbeat the Covid-19 pandemic There are many commercially available protective masks, in that N-99, N-95, and 3 layer surgical masks are com-monly used among peoples Prolonged usage of this protective mask can cause forward neck posture and weakness of cervical flexors muscles Objective: The objective of this study is to find out the influence of the protective mask on cervical spine dysfunction Methods: An observational study was conducted by screening 237 participants;in that 110 participants were enrolled for the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria All these participants were categorized based on the type of protective mask and underwent forward neck posture assessment by using the Cranio-vertebral angle through Kinovean software and cervical flexor muscle endurance test Results: The mean value of the Cranio-vertebral angle is 42 64 and cervical flexor endurance is 8 5 for the participants using N-99 protective mask, the mean value of the Cranio-vertebral angle is 65 866 and cervical flexor endurance is 19 911 for the participants using N-95 protective mask and the mean value of the Cranio-vertebral angle is 72 193 and cervical flexor endurance is 27 49 for the participants using 3-layer surgical mask Conclusion: The analyzed results prove that patients using N99 type of protective mask reported decreased cervical muscle endurance and Cranio-vertebral angle when compared to N95 and 3 layers protective mask Copyright@IJCRR.
簡介: 世界衛生組織建議將防護口罩作為應對 Covid-19 大流行的主要預防措施 市售防護口罩有很多,其中 N-99、N-95 和 3 層外科口罩在人們中普遍使用長期使用這種防護面罩會導致頸前傾和頸屈肌無力 目的:本研究的目的是了解防護面罩對頸椎功能障礙的影響 方法:對237名參與者進行觀察性研究;根據納入和排除標準,共有 110 名參與者參加了研究 所有這些參與者均根據防護面罩的類型進行分類,並通過 Kinovean 軟件使用顱椎角和頸屈肌耐力測試進行頸部前傾姿勢評估結果:顱椎角平均值為42·64,頸屈肌耐力為8 5 對於使用 N-99 防護面罩的參與者,顱椎角平均值為 65 866,頸屈肌耐力為 19 911 對於使用 N-95 防護面罩的參與者,顱椎角平均值為使用 3 層外科口罩的參與者 72 193 和頸屈肌耐力為 27 49 結論:分析結果證明,與 N95 和 3 層防護面罩相比,使用 N99 型防護面罩的患者頸肌耐力和顱椎角降低掩碼 版權所有@IJCRR。
簡介: 世界衛生組織建議將防護口罩作為應對 Covid-19 大流行的主要預防措施 市售防護口罩有很多,其中 N-99、N-95 和 3 層外科口罩在人們中普遍使用長期使用這種防護面罩會導致頸前傾和頸屈肌無力 目的:本研究的目的是了解防護面罩對頸椎功能障礙的影響 方法:對237名參與者進行觀察性研究;根據納入和排除標準,共有 110 名參與者參加了研究 所有這些參與者均根據防護面罩的類型進行分類,並通過 Kinovean 軟件使用顱椎角和頸屈肌耐力測試進行頸部前傾姿勢評估結果:顱椎角平均值為42·64,頸屈肌耐力為8 5 對於使用 N-99 防護面罩的參與者,顱椎角平均值為 65 866,頸屈肌耐力為 19 911 對於使用 N-95 防護面罩的參與者,顱椎角平均值為使用 3 層外科口罩的參與者 72 193 和頸屈肌耐力為 27 49 結論:分析結果證明,與 N95 和 3 層防護面罩相比,使用 N99 型防護面罩的患者頸肌耐力和顱椎角降低掩碼 版權所有@IJCRR。
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Surgical Masks sentence examples within Wearing Surgical Masks
Infection control measures, including wearing surgical masks, hand hygiene, and social distance, are considered essential in preventing human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV-2.
感染控制措施,包括佩戴外科口罩、手部衛生和保持社交距離,被認為是防止 SARS-CoV-2 人際傳播的關鍵。
感染控制措施,包括佩戴外科口罩、手部衛生和保持社交距離,被認為是防止 SARS-CoV-2 人際傳播的關鍵。
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Binks and colleagues recently investigated whether the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) was different when wearing surgical masks above and below the oxygen mask.
Binks 及其同事最近調查了在氧氣面罩上方和下方佩戴外科口罩時,吸入氧氣 (FiO2) 的比例是否不同。
Binks 及其同事最近調查了在氧氣面罩上方和下方佩戴外科口罩時,吸入氧氣 (FiO2) 的比例是否不同。
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Surgical Masks sentence examples within Disposable Surgical Masks
Mask materials and environmental fates and impacts: The common disposable surgical masks are made of three layers.
口罩材料與環境命運及影響:常見的一次性外科口罩由三層組成。
口罩材料與環境命運及影響:常見的一次性外科口罩由三層組成。
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To evaluate the risk of bacterial cross-contamination, this study analyzed the bacterial bioburden of disposable surgical masks and homemade cotton masks, and surveyed the habits and face mask preferences of the Flemish population.
為了評估細菌交叉污染的風險,本研究分析了一次性外科口罩和自製棉口罩的細菌生物負載,並調查了佛蘭德人群的習慣和口罩偏好。
為了評估細菌交叉污染的風險,本研究分析了一次性外科口罩和自製棉口罩的細菌生物負載,並調查了佛蘭德人群的習慣和口罩偏好。
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Surgical Masks sentence examples within Use Surgical Masks
From the perspective of infection prevention during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a recommendation was made to use surgical masks after extubation in patients in the operating room.
從 2019 年冠狀病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行期間的感染預防角度,建議手術室患者拔管後使用外科口罩。
從 2019 年冠狀病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行期間的感染預防角度,建議手術室患者拔管後使用外科口罩。
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Most of which were wearing fabric/cloth coverings (51%) or single use surgical masks (40%).
其中大多數人戴著織物/布覆蓋物(51%)或一次性外科口罩(40%)。
其中大多數人戴著織物/布覆蓋物(51%)或一次性外科口罩(40%)。
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Surgical Masks sentence examples within Wore Surgical Masks
Surgical Masks sentence examples within Wear Surgical Masks
However, the majority of endoscopists did not wear surgical masks (20.
然而,大多數內鏡醫師沒有佩戴外科口罩 (20.
然而,大多數內鏡醫師沒有佩戴外科口罩 (20.
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Infected people can wear surgical masks to reduce the amount of droplet spray from coughs and sneezes and throw away contaminated tissues (WHO 2009).
受感染的人可以戴上外科口罩,以減少咳嗽和打噴嚏時產生的飛沫量,並丟棄受污染的組織(WHO 2009)。
受感染的人可以戴上外科口罩,以減少咳嗽和打噴嚏時產生的飛沫量,並丟棄受污染的組織(WHO 2009)。
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Surgical Masks sentence examples within Standard Surgical Masks
Despite Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as standard surgical masks and N95 masks are designed to filter respectively particles over 5 lm and 0.
儘管標準外科口罩和 N95 口罩等個人防護設備 (PPE) 旨在分別過濾超過 5 lm 和 0 的顆粒。
儘管標準外科口罩和 N95 口罩等個人防護設備 (PPE) 旨在分別過濾超過 5 lm 和 0 的顆粒。
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PPE consisted of standard surgical masks (58% hospitals, 64% PPs) and FFP2/N95/KN95 respirators (45% hospitals, 48% PPs).
PPE 包括標準外科口罩(58% 的醫院,64% 的 PP)和 FFP2/N95/KN95 呼吸器(45% 的醫院,48% 的 PP)。
PPE 包括標準外科口罩(58% 的醫院,64% 的 PP)和 FFP2/N95/KN95 呼吸器(45% 的醫院,48% 的 PP)。
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Surgical Masks sentence examples within Resistant Surgical Masks
A COVID-19 outbreak was reported in 11/13 (85%) orthopaedic units where staff wore fluid resistant surgical masks compared to 3/6 (50%) units using an FFP3 respirator mask (RR 1.
據報導,在 11/13 (85%) 的骨科病房中爆發了 COVID-19,工作人員佩戴耐流體外科口罩,而 3/6 (50%) 的骨科病房使用 FFP3 呼吸面罩 (RR 1.0)。
據報導,在 11/13 (85%) 的骨科病房中爆發了 COVID-19,工作人員佩戴耐流體外科口罩,而 3/6 (50%) 的骨科病房使用 FFP3 呼吸面罩 (RR 1.0)。
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Kendrick et al 1 discuss the missed opportunities to protect the primary care workforce from exposure to SARS-CoV-2, such as: personal protective equipment (PPE) shortages; Public Health England (PHE) following World Health Organization interim guidance, which advocated that healthcare workers (HCWs) use fluid-resistant surgical masks (FRSM); and filtering facepiece respirators (FFP) being restricted to HCWs performing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs).
Kendrick 等人 1 討論了保護初級保健人員免受 SARS-CoV-2 感染而錯失的機會,例如:個人防護設備 (PPE) 短缺;英國公共衛生部 (PHE) 遵循世界衛生組織的臨時指導方針,該指導方針提倡醫護人員 (HCW) 使用耐流體外科口罩 (FRSM);過濾面罩呼吸器 (FFP) 僅限於執行氣溶膠生成程序 (AGP) 的 HCW。
Kendrick 等人 1 討論了保護初級保健人員免受 SARS-CoV-2 感染而錯失的機會,例如:個人防護設備 (PPE) 短缺;英國公共衛生部 (PHE) 遵循世界衛生組織的臨時指導方針,該指導方針提倡醫護人員 (HCW) 使用耐流體外科口罩 (FRSM);過濾面罩呼吸器 (FFP) 僅限於執行氣溶膠生成程序 (AGP) 的 HCW。
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Surgical Masks sentence examples within Layered Surgical Masks
Furthermore, the particle filtration efficiency of three-layered surgical masks was found to be significantly improved through incorporation of the MoS2-modified fabric as an additional layer of protective clothing, without compromising the breathability of the masks.
此外,通過將 MoS2 改性織物作為額外的防護服層,發現三層外科口罩的顆粒過濾效率顯著提高,而不會影響口罩的透氣性。
此外,通過將 MoS2 改性織物作為額外的防護服層,發現三層外科口罩的顆粒過濾效率顯著提高,而不會影響口罩的透氣性。
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Surgical Masks sentence examples within Mainly Surgical Masks
70), had a lower risk of infection compared with HCWs who declared wearing mainly surgical masks.
70),與聲稱主要佩戴外科口罩的醫護人員相比,感染的風險較低。
70),與聲稱主要佩戴外科口罩的醫護人員相比,感染的風險較低。
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PPE for non‐AGP treatments included mainly surgical masks (21/30) or FFP2/FFP3/N95 masks (16/30), whereas FFP2/FFP3 masks (25/30) and face shields (24/30) were recommended for AGP by the vast majority of guidelines.
用於非 AGP 治療的 PPE 主要包括外科口罩 (21/30) 或 FFP2/FFP3/N95 口罩 (16/30),而 AGP 推薦使用 FFP2/FFP3 口罩 (25/30) 和麵罩 (24/30)絕大多數準則。
用於非 AGP 治療的 PPE 主要包括外科口罩 (21/30) 或 FFP2/FFP3/N95 口罩 (16/30),而 AGP 推薦使用 FFP2/FFP3 口罩 (25/30) 和麵罩 (24/30)絕大多數準則。
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Surgical Masks sentence examples within Simple Surgical Masks
If most people in the wider community wear even simple surgical masks, then the probability of an encounter with a virus particle is even further limited.
如果更廣泛的社區中的大多數人甚至戴上簡單的外科口罩,那麼遇到病毒顆粒的可能性就會更加有限。
如果更廣泛的社區中的大多數人甚至戴上簡單的外科口罩,那麼遇到病毒顆粒的可能性就會更加有限。
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If most people in the wider community wear even simple surgical masks, then the probability of an encounter with a virus particle is even further limited.
如果更廣泛的社區中的大多數人甚至戴上簡單的外科口罩,那麼遇到病毒顆粒的可能性就會更加有限。
如果更廣泛的社區中的大多數人甚至戴上簡單的外科口罩,那麼遇到病毒顆粒的可能性就會更加有限。
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Surgical Masks sentence examples within surgical masks increased
After training, a proportion of high self-evaluation in hand hygiene, wearing gloves, and surgical masks increased independently in female HCWs, and adjusted ORs were 3.
培訓後,女性醫護人員在手衛生、戴手套和外科口罩方面的高自我評價比例獨立增加,調整後的 OR 為 3。
培訓後,女性醫護人員在手衛生、戴手套和外科口罩方面的高自我評價比例獨立增加,調整後的 OR 為 3。
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Surgical Masks sentence examples within surgical masks offer
2), while natural‐fiber and surgical masks offer reductions in the exposure of 1.
2),而天然纖維和外科口罩可減少 1 的暴露。
2),而天然纖維和外科口罩可減少 1 的暴露。
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Highlights - The use of public toilets poses a risk of SARS-CoV-2 respiratory transmission - Highest risks generated in the order of sneezing, coughing, and breathing - No gender differences in risk by counteracting dwell times and inhalation rates - Ventilation did not reduce risk even at 20 ACH, beyond the WHO-recommended value - N95 and surgical masks offer the most effective risk mitigation to toilet users Graphical abstract.
亮點 - 使用公共廁所會帶來 SARS-CoV-2 呼吸道傳播的風險 - 以打噴嚏、咳嗽和呼吸的順序產生的風險最高 - 通過抵消停留時間和吸入率,風險沒有性別差異 - 通風沒有減少即使在 20 次 ACH 時也存在風險,超出了 WHO 推薦的值——N95 和外科口罩為廁所使用者提供了最有效的風險緩解圖形摘要。
亮點 - 使用公共廁所會帶來 SARS-CoV-2 呼吸道傳播的風險 - 以打噴嚏、咳嗽和呼吸的順序產生的風險最高 - 通過抵消停留時間和吸入率,風險沒有性別差異 - 通風沒有減少即使在 20 次 ACH 時也存在風險,超出了 WHO 推薦的值——N95 和外科口罩為廁所使用者提供了最有效的風險緩解圖形摘要。
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Personal protection equipment included double surgical mask, glasses, disposable surgical coats, and surgical masks for patients.
個人防護設備包括雙層外科口罩、眼鏡、一次性外科大衣和病人用外科口罩。
個人防護設備包括雙層外科口罩、眼鏡、一次性外科大衣和病人用外科口罩。
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FFP3 masks were the most popular masks used for theatre activity whilst FFP2 and surgical masks were more widely used for examining patients and performing procedures in the emergency department.
FFP3 口罩是劇院活動中最受歡迎的口罩,而 FFP2 和外科口罩更廣泛地用於急診科檢查患者和執行程序。
FFP3 口罩是劇院活動中最受歡迎的口罩,而 FFP2 和外科口罩更廣泛地用於急診科檢查患者和執行程序。
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Respiratory protective half-masks, surgical masks, and cotton washable masks were tested.
測試了呼吸防護半面罩、外科口罩和棉質可洗口罩。
測試了呼吸防護半面罩、外科口罩和棉質可洗口罩。
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It is well know that wearing a surgical masks can help block the droplets from entering or spreading from the environment to the wearers respiratory tract and vice versa.
眾所周知,佩戴外科口罩可以幫助阻止飛沫進入或從環境擴散到佩戴者的呼吸道,反之亦然。
眾所周知,佩戴外科口罩可以幫助阻止飛沫進入或從環境擴散到佩戴者的呼吸道,反之亦然。
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Simple Summary This study supports evidence regarding the effects of facial skin hair on the fit factor of surgical masks and filtering respirators in healthcare providers.
簡單總結這項研究支持關於面部皮膚毛髮對醫療保健提供者的外科口罩和過濾呼吸器的適合係數影響的證據。
簡單總結這項研究支持關於面部皮膚毛髮對醫療保健提供者的外科口罩和過濾呼吸器的適合係數影響的證據。
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All cloth, surgical, and medical masks (referred to as surgical masks in this letter) are filters through which some, but not all, of a user’s respiratory airflow passes.
所有布製、外科和醫用口罩(在本信中稱為外科口罩)都是過濾器,用戶的部分(但不是全部)呼吸氣流通過這些過濾器。
所有布製、外科和醫用口罩(在本信中稱為外科口罩)都是過濾器,用戶的部分(但不是全部)呼吸氣流通過這些過濾器。
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It covers three main aspects of mask usage amid the pandemic: quality standards for various face masks and their fundamental filtration mechanisms, empirical methods for quantitatively determining mask integrity and particle filtration efficiency, and decontamination methods that allow for the reuse of traditionally disposable N95 and surgical masks.
它涵蓋了大流行期間口罩使用的三個主要方面:各種口罩的質量標準及其基本過濾機制,定量確定口罩完整性和顆粒過濾效率的經驗方法,以及允許重複使用傳統一次性 N95 和外科手術口罩的去污方法面具。
它涵蓋了大流行期間口罩使用的三個主要方面:各種口罩的質量標準及其基本過濾機制,定量確定口罩完整性和顆粒過濾效率的經驗方法,以及允許重複使用傳統一次性 N95 和外科手術口罩的去污方法面具。
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Before the cluster onset, HCWs used surgical masks, as per recommendations.
在集群發作之前,醫護人員按照建議使用了外科口罩。
在集群發作之前,醫護人員按照建議使用了外科口罩。
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Conclusion: Homemade masks prove to be effective in reducing the spread of the virus among ordinary citizens in past infections, the efficiency of homemade masks is very low for health professionals who are directly exposed to the biological agent, so, it is necessary for public administrations to seek new alternatives with greater efficiency for this type of professional during the absence of surgical masks and n95.
結論:自製口罩在過去的感染中被證明可以有效減少病毒在普通公民中的傳播,對於直接接觸生物製劑的衛生專業人員來說,自製口罩的效率非常低,因此,對於公共行政部門來說,這是必要的在沒有外科口罩和 n95 的情況下,為此類專業人員尋求更高效的新替代方案。
結論:自製口罩在過去的感染中被證明可以有效減少病毒在普通公民中的傳播,對於直接接觸生物製劑的衛生專業人員來說,自製口罩的效率非常低,因此,對於公共行政部門來說,這是必要的在沒有外科口罩和 n95 的情況下,為此類專業人員尋求更高效的新替代方案。
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The widespread dissemination of hoaxes about Covid-19 on social media has caused widespread paranoia and terror, leading to panic shopping, which has culminated in skyrocketing costs for essential necessities due to shortages, to the point that surgical masks and hand sanitizers are no longer accessible.
在社交媒體上廣泛傳播有關 Covid-19 的惡作劇已引起廣泛的偏執和恐懼,導致恐慌性購物,最終導致由於短缺而導致基本必需品的成本飆升,以至於無法再獲得外科口罩和洗手液.
在社交媒體上廣泛傳播有關 Covid-19 的惡作劇已引起廣泛的偏執和恐懼,導致恐慌性購物,最終導致由於短缺而導致基本必需品的成本飆升,以至於無法再獲得外科口罩和洗手液.
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8; (3) The combined control measures mainly based on engineering measures such as ventilation, high efficiency particle air (HEPA) filter, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), partially based on surgical masks were recommended.
8個; (3)聯合防治措施主要以通風、高效微粒空氣過濾器(HEPA)、紫外線殺菌照射(UVGI)等工程措施為主,部分以外科口罩為主。
8個; (3)聯合防治措施主要以通風、高效微粒空氣過濾器(HEPA)、紫外線殺菌照射(UVGI)等工程措施為主,部分以外科口罩為主。
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COVID-19 restrictions stipulate the mandatory use of surgical masks during outdoor and indoor physical activities.
COVID-19 限制規定在室外和室內體育活動期間強制使用外科口罩。
COVID-19 限制規定在室外和室內體育活動期間強制使用外科口罩。
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Due to disposal and cost concerns, surgical masks are recommended to be used only by health care workers.
出於處置和成本方面的考慮,建議僅醫護人員使用外科口罩。
出於處置和成本方面的考慮,建議僅醫護人員使用外科口罩。
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FFP2 (or N95) and FFP3 respirators, if compared to surgical masks, provide greater protection for health workers against viral respiratory infections.
FFP2(或 N95)和 FFP3 呼吸器,如果與外科口罩相比,可以為衛生工作者提供更好的保護,防止病毒性呼吸道感染。
FFP2(或 N95)和 FFP3 呼吸器,如果與外科口罩相比,可以為衛生工作者提供更好的保護,防止病毒性呼吸道感染。
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In this review, we present, concisely, the air pollutants and adverse health effects correlated with long- and short-term exposure to humans; we provide information about certified face masks and respirators, their compositions, filtration mechanisms, and the variations between surgical masks and N95 respirators, in order to alleviate confusion and misinformation.
在這篇綜述中,我們簡明扼要地介紹了與人類長期和短期接觸相關的空氣污染物和不利健康影響;我們提供有關經過認證的口罩和呼吸器、它們的成分、過濾機制以及外科口罩和 N95 呼吸器之間的差異的信息,以減輕混淆和錯誤信息。
在這篇綜述中,我們簡明扼要地介紹了與人類長期和短期接觸相關的空氣污染物和不利健康影響;我們提供有關經過認證的口罩和呼吸器、它們的成分、過濾機制以及外科口罩和 N95 呼吸器之間的差異的信息,以減輕混淆和錯誤信息。
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The results show some of the materials used for the manufacture of masks, both surgical masks and medium-high filtration masks, as well as materials used for the manufacture of household masks.
結果顯示了一些用於製造口罩的材料,包括外科口罩和中高過濾口罩,以及用於製造家用口罩的材料。
結果顯示了一些用於製造口罩的材料,包括外科口罩和中高過濾口罩,以及用於製造家用口罩的材料。
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In this paper, with the aim of assessing the deterioration of speech intelligibility caused by a speaker wearing a mask, different face masks (surgical masks, FFP2 mask, homemade textile-based protection and two kinds of plastic shields) are compared in terms of their acoustic filtering effect, measured by placing the mask on an artificial head/mouth simulator.
在本文中,為了評估說話人戴口罩導致的語音清晰度下降,比較了不同的口罩(外科口罩、FFP2 口罩、自製紡織防護和兩種塑料防護罩)的性能。聲學過濾效果,通過將面罩放置在人工頭/嘴模擬器上來測量。
在本文中,為了評估說話人戴口罩導致的語音清晰度下降,比較了不同的口罩(外科口罩、FFP2 口罩、自製紡織防護和兩種塑料防護罩)的性能。聲學過濾效果,通過將面罩放置在人工頭/嘴模擬器上來測量。
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The most common mask types are N95, surgical masks, and homemade nonwoven and cotton masks.
最常見的口罩類型是 N95、外科口罩以及自製無紡布和棉口罩。
最常見的口罩類型是 N95、外科口罩以及自製無紡布和棉口罩。
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SUMMARY
The most important preventive measures against COVID-19 should include: vaccination; the use of filter or surgical masks; disinfection and sterilization; maintaining of well-functioning ventilation and air conditioning systems; reduction of the community air pollution which has been identified as an important factor increasing the COVID-19 severity.
概括
針對 COVID-19 最重要的預防措施應包括: 疫苗接種;使用過濾器或外科口罩;消毒殺菌;維護運作良好的通風和空調系統;減少社區空氣污染,這已被確定為增加 COVID-19 嚴重性的重要因素。
概括 針對 COVID-19 最重要的預防措施應包括: 疫苗接種;使用過濾器或外科口罩;消毒殺菌;維護運作良好的通風和空調系統;減少社區空氣污染,這已被確定為增加 COVID-19 嚴重性的重要因素。
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In a field already laden with skin-induced injury and irritation due to high levels of handwashing and glove wearing, increases have been reported in handwashing-induced xerosis, irritant dermatitis, and contact dermatitis from N95 respirators and other surgical masks.
在一個已經因大量洗手和戴手套而導致皮膚損傷和刺激的領域中,據報導,N95 呼吸器和其他外科口罩導致的洗手引起的干燥症、刺激性皮炎和接觸性皮炎有所增加。
在一個已經因大量洗手和戴手套而導致皮膚損傷和刺激的領域中,據報導,N95 呼吸器和其他外科口罩導致的洗手引起的干燥症、刺激性皮炎和接觸性皮炎有所增加。
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The outbreak of Coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) disease has increased demand for N95 respirators, surgical masks, and other facial coverings in an effort to stop the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
為了阻止 SARS-CoV-2 的傳播,2019 年冠狀病毒病 (COVID-19) 疾病的爆發增加了對 N95 呼吸器、外科口罩和其他面罩的需求。
為了阻止 SARS-CoV-2 的傳播,2019 年冠狀病毒病 (COVID-19) 疾病的爆發增加了對 N95 呼吸器、外科口罩和其他面罩的需求。
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A microenvironment exposure model was used to evaluate the concentrations of elements in fine particulate matter and the contribution of exposure duration (time spent in the subway station) to overall daily exposure of subway workers and commuters with and without the use of N95 respirators, surgical masks, and cotton masks.
使用微環境暴露模型評估細顆粒物中元素的濃度以及暴露持續時間(在地鐵站停留的時間)對地鐵工作人員和通勤者在使用和不使用 N95 呼吸器、外科口罩的情況下的總體日常暴露的貢獻和棉質口罩。
使用微環境暴露模型評估細顆粒物中元素的濃度以及暴露持續時間(在地鐵站停留的時間)對地鐵工作人員和通勤者在使用和不使用 N95 呼吸器、外科口罩的情況下的總體日常暴露的貢獻和棉質口罩。
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With the support of the HSE Medical Devices Critical Assessment Group and HSE procurement, the NRO distributed digital thermometers and surgical masks to all haemodialysis patients in the Republic of Ireland from 7 April 2020 onwards.
在 HSE 醫療器械關鍵評估小組和 HSE 採購的支持下,NRO 從 2020 年 4 月 7 日起向愛爾蘭共和國的所有血液透析患者分發了數字溫度計和外科口罩。
在 HSE 醫療器械關鍵評估小組和 HSE 採購的支持下,NRO 從 2020 年 4 月 7 日起向愛爾蘭共和國的所有血液透析患者分發了數字溫度計和外科口罩。
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Moderate and severe acne eruption was particularly observed in those wearing N-95 and surgical masks.
在佩戴 N-95 和外科口罩的人中特別觀察到中度和重度痤瘡爆發。
在佩戴 N-95 和外科口罩的人中特別觀察到中度和重度痤瘡爆發。
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The supply of surgical masks, disinfectant gels and wipes has been provided.
已經提供了外科口罩、消毒凝膠和濕巾的供應。
已經提供了外科口罩、消毒凝膠和濕巾的供應。
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2% reported reuse of surgical masks.
2% 的人報告重複使用外科口罩。
2% 的人報告重複使用外科口罩。
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The supply of surgical masks, disinfectant gels and wipes has been provided.
已經提供了外科口罩、消毒凝膠和濕巾的供應。
已經提供了外科口罩、消毒凝膠和濕巾的供應。
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Face masks must be used to minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and POAG patients can safely use FFP2/N95 and surgical masks at rest.
必須使用口罩將 SARS-CoV-2 傳播的風險降至最低,POAG 患者可以在休息時安全使用 FFP2/N95 和外科口罩。
必須使用口罩將 SARS-CoV-2 傳播的風險降至最低,POAG 患者可以在休息時安全使用 FFP2/N95 和外科口罩。
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Conclusion the N95 masks imposed greater discomfort than the surgical masks, but neither of the masks impacted on the arterial oxygen saturation of the healthcare workers.
結論 N95口罩比外科口罩帶來更大的不適,但均未影響醫護人員的動脈血氧飽和度。
結論 N95口罩比外科口罩帶來更大的不適,但均未影響醫護人員的動脈血氧飽和度。
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The extensive growth in the consumption of surgical masks and respirators brought new challenges.
外科口罩和呼吸器消費量的廣泛增長帶來了新的挑戰。
外科口罩和呼吸器消費量的廣泛增長帶來了新的挑戰。
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7%) and surgical masks (47%), followed by respirators (N95/FFP3) (3.
7%) 和外科口罩 (47%),其次是呼吸器 (N95/FFP3) (3.
7%) 和外科口罩 (47%),其次是呼吸器 (N95/FFP3) (3.
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On the basis of 3 observational studies (5–7) comparing N95 respirators with surgical masks for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 in health care settings, the strength of evidence was previously assessed as insufficient because of inconsistent effects across studies (Supplement Table 4).
基於 3 項觀察性研究 (5-7) 比較了 N95 呼吸器與外科口罩在醫療保健環境中預防 SARS-CoV-2 的效果,由於研究之間的效果不一致,證據強度先前被評估為不充分(補充表 4 )。
基於 3 項觀察性研究 (5-7) 比較了 N95 呼吸器與外科口罩在醫療保健環境中預防 SARS-CoV-2 的效果,由於研究之間的效果不一致,證據強度先前被評估為不充分(補充表 4 )。
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With proper fitting, these masks achieve overall filtering efficiencies of >93% for both exhaled expiratory aerosols from singing and speaking and for inhaled ambient aerosols, better than surgical masks and approaching N95 respirators.
通過適當的佩戴,這些口罩對唱歌和說話時呼出的氣溶膠和吸入的環境氣溶膠的總體過濾效率均 > 93%,優於外科口罩和接近 N95 呼吸器。
通過適當的佩戴,這些口罩對唱歌和說話時呼出的氣溶膠和吸入的環境氣溶膠的總體過濾效率均 > 93%,優於外科口罩和接近 N95 呼吸器。
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She began to work with PPE (surgical masks, face shield and surgical cap) and migraines became daily (bifrontal, pulsatile, with photophobia, nausea, vomiting and of severe intensity, visual analog scale: 7), starting after 1 h of wearing protective equipment and lasted for at least 6 h during the day.
她開始使用個人防護裝備(外科口罩、面罩和外科帽),並且每天都出現偏頭痛(雙額、搏動性、畏光、噁心、嘔吐和嚴重強度,視覺模擬評分:7),從佩戴防護用品 1 小時後開始設備,並在白天持續至少 6 小時。
她開始使用個人防護裝備(外科口罩、面罩和外科帽),並且每天都出現偏頭痛(雙額、搏動性、畏光、噁心、嘔吐和嚴重強度,視覺模擬評分:7),從佩戴防護用品 1 小時後開始設備,並在白天持續至少 6 小時。
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Declaration/announcement of emergency status Launching a public website for guidelines and information Establishing a 'coronavirus task force'/ expert board Conducting training programmes Government financial assistance for citizens/taxpayers Equal protection for immigrants/foreigners Regulation and stabilisation of food prices and daily necessities Require company to pay full salary to quarantined/isolated people Financial support to frontline cleaners, toilet attendants and security employees Free testing Free treatment Production/procurement of supplies (such as surgical masks, gloves, ventilators, or goods) Enhance production of sanitisers Enhancing hospital capacities (beds) Designating which hospitals can receive COVID-19 patients Equipping university housings, hotels, sports stadiums or building temporary hospitals to be ready to receive patients Guidelines for treatment of COVID-19 Application of telemedicine Research: Established in-house PCR assay Development of quick test kits Successfully identifying SARS-CoV-2 genes Launching clinical trial treatment of COVID-19 Launching vaccination development Call for research related to epidemiology, prevention and control measures Call for development or reuse of efficient low cost of PPE and medical devices such as ventilators Call for development of a new treatment or new drug discovery, PPE and medical devices such as ventilators Call for non-academic industries to join the research or give funds Box 1.
宣布/宣布緊急狀態 啟動公共網站以獲取指南和信息 建立“冠狀病毒工作組”/專家委員會 開展培訓計劃 政府對公民/納稅人的財政援助 對移民/外國人的平等保護 監管和穩定食品價格和生活必需品 要求公司向隔離/隔離人員支付全薪 為一線清潔工、廁所服務員和保安人員提供財政支持 免費檢測 免費治療 生產/採購用品(如外科口罩、手套、呼吸機或商品) 增加消毒劑的生產 提高醫院的能力(床位) 指定哪些醫院可以接收 COVID-19 患者 裝備大學宿舍、酒店、體育場或建造臨時醫院以準備接收患者 COVID-19 治療指南 遠程醫療研究的應用:建立內部 PCR 檢測 開發快速測試ki ts 成功識別 SARS-CoV-2 基因 啟動 COVID-19 的臨床試驗治療 啟動疫苗開發 徵集流行病學、防控措施相關研究 呼籲開發或重複使用高效低成本的 PPE 和呼吸機等醫療器械 徵集開發新療法或發現新藥、個人防護裝備和呼吸機等醫療設備 呼籲非學術行業參與研究或提供資金 方框 1。
宣布/宣布緊急狀態 啟動公共網站以獲取指南和信息 建立“冠狀病毒工作組”/專家委員會 開展培訓計劃 政府對公民/納稅人的財政援助 對移民/外國人的平等保護 監管和穩定食品價格和生活必需品 要求公司向隔離/隔離人員支付全薪 為一線清潔工、廁所服務員和保安人員提供財政支持 免費檢測 免費治療 生產/採購用品(如外科口罩、手套、呼吸機或商品) 增加消毒劑的生產 提高醫院的能力(床位) 指定哪些醫院可以接收 COVID-19 患者 裝備大學宿舍、酒店、體育場或建造臨時醫院以準備接收患者 COVID-19 治療指南 遠程醫療研究的應用:建立內部 PCR 檢測 開發快速測試ki ts 成功識別 SARS-CoV-2 基因 啟動 COVID-19 的臨床試驗治療 啟動疫苗開發 徵集流行病學、防控措施相關研究 呼籲開發或重複使用高效低成本的 PPE 和呼吸機等醫療器械 徵集開發新療法或發現新藥、個人防護裝備和呼吸機等醫療設備 呼籲非學術行業參與研究或提供資金 方框 1。
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Looselywoven cottonmasks alsoperformwell acoustically but they may not be as effective as surgical masks at blocking respiratory droplets (J Acoust Soc Am doi:10.
鬆散編織的棉質口罩在聲學上也表現良好,但它們在阻擋呼吸道飛沫方面可能不如外科口罩有效(J Acoust Soc Am doi:10.
鬆散編織的棉質口罩在聲學上也表現良好,但它們在阻擋呼吸道飛沫方面可能不如外科口罩有效(J Acoust Soc Am doi:10.