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Sensitive Lipase sentence examples within adipose triglyceride lipase

adipose triglyceride lipase

(4) Adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase expression were significantly elevated (p <.

Electric pulse stimulation inhibited lipid accumulation on C2C12 myotubes incubated with oleic acid and palmitic acid.

adipose triglyceride lipase

Meanwhile, triglyceride (TG) content was decreased and lipolysis genes expressions, such as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) were elevated in the jejunum and ileum of inulin and propionate treated mice.

Propionate promotes intestinal lipolysis and metabolic benefits via AMPK/LSD1 pathway in mice.

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Sensitive Lipase sentence examples within fatty acid synthase

fatty acid synthase

The expression levels of LPL (lipoprotein lipase), HSL (Hormone-sensitive lipase), FAS (fatty acid synthase), and PPARα/PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/gamma) were significantly changed in the sheep preadipocytes during differentiation for 7 days.

Regulatory roles of adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 in sheep preadipocytes during adipocyte differentiation

fatty acid synthase

In adipose tissue, NXT reduced fatty acid synthase while activating hormone-sensitive lipase expression.

Therapeutic potential of NaoXinTong Capsule on the developed diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice.

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Sensitive Lipase sentence examples within sterol regulatory element

sterol regulatory element

Longer-term (24 and 48 h) treatment reduced the expression of lipogenic markers (FA synthase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1) and increased the expression of lipolytic [hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)] and mitochondrial (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1) markers.

Biological Effects of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor on hMADS Adipocytes

sterol regulatory element

The expression of regulatory molecules, TGF-β1/2, phospho-Akt (Ser473), PPARα, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and acyl dehydrogenases was analyzed in virus-infected hepatocytes.

Transforming Growth Factor β Acts as a Regulatory Molecule for Lipogenic Pathways among Hepatitis C Virus Genotype-Specific Infections

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Sensitive Lipase sentence examples within peroxisome proliferator activated

peroxisome proliferator activated

05) expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and expressions for Ppara and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) in the liver of IUGR-C rats than the IUGR rats.

Curcumin attenuates insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation in a rat model of intrauterine growth restriction through insulin signaling pathway and SREBPs.

peroxisome proliferator activated

ABBREVIATIONAA arachidonic acidACC acetyl-CoA carboxylaseACLY ATP-citrate lyaseACO acyl-CoA oxidaseALA α-linolenic acidALD alcoholic liver diseaseALP alkaline phosphataseALT alanine aminotransferaseAMPK AMP-activated protein kinaseAST aspartate aminotransferaseATGL adipose triglyceride lipasecAMP cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphateCOX cyclooxygenasesCPT1 carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1CYP2E1 cytochrome P450 2E1DGAT2 diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2DGLA dihomo-γ-linolenic acidDHA docosahexaenoic acidDPA docosapentaenoic acidDTA docosatetraenoic acidEPA eicosapentaenoic acidER endoplasmic reticulumETA eicosatetraenoic acidFAS fatty acid synthaseFATPs fatty acid transporter proteinsGLA,γ linolenic acidGPR120 G protein-coupled receptor 120GSH glutathione; H&E haematoxylin-eosin; HO-1 heme oxygenase-1; HSL hormone-sensitive lipase; IL-6 interleukin-6iNOS nitric oxide synthaseLA linoleic acidLBP lipopolysaccharide binding proteinLOX lipoxygenasesLXR liver X receptorLXREs LXR response elementsMCP-1 monocyte chemotactic protein-1MTP microsomal triglyceride transfer proteinMUFA monounsaturated fatty acidsMyD88 myeloid differentiation factor 88n-3 PUFAs omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acidNAFLD nonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseNASH nonalcoholic steatohepatitisNF-κB transcription factor nuclear factor κBPDE3B phosphodiesterase 3BPPAR peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorROS reactive oxygen speciesRXR retinoid X receptorSCD-1 stearyl CoA desaturase-1SDA stearidonic acidSFA saturated fatty acidsSIRT1 sirtuin 1SOD superoxide dismutaseSREBP sterol regulatory element-binding proteinTB total bilirubinTC total cholesterolTG triacylglycerolTLR4 Toll-like receptor-4TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-αVLDLR very low-density lipoprotein receptorWT wild type; ZO-1 zonula occludens-1.

n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the management of alcoholic liver disease: A critical review

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Sensitive Lipase sentence examples within enhancer binding protein

enhancer binding protein

Furthermore, following HFO feeding, pigs showed significant decreases in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio and mRNA expression levels of CCAAT-/enhancer-binding protein alpha, fatty acid synthase, lipoprotein lipase, and hormone-sensitive lipase in backfat (P < 0.

The changes in growth performance and lipid metabolism of pigs with yellow fat induced by high dietary fish oil

enhancer binding protein

AHR inhibited lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation by downregulation of gene expression, such as hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and an adipogenic gene, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.

Allium hookeri Root Extract Inhibits Adipogenesis by Promoting Lipolysis in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

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Sensitive Lipase sentence examples within fatty acid binding

fatty acid binding

Lipolysis related genes (ATGL, hormone-sensitive lipase, HSL; monoacylglycerol lipase, MGL; and protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit, PKAC) and β-oxidation genes (PPARα; fatty acid binding protein 1, FABP1; and CPT1) in the adipose were up-regulated.

Forskolin reduces fat accumulation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) through stimulating lipolysis and beta-oxidation.

fatty acid binding

Despite similar rates of fatty acid oxidation in control and crSTIM1-KO hearts ex vivo, crSTIM1-KO hearts contained increased lipid/triglyceride content as well as increased fatty acid-binding protein 4, fatty acid synthase, acyl-CoA thioesterase 1, hormone-sensitive lipase, and adipose triglyceride lipase expression compared with control hearts, suggestive of a possible imbalance between fatty acid uptake and oxidation.

Novel role of the ER/SR Ca2+ sensor STIM1 in the regulation of cardiac metabolism.

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Sensitive Lipase sentence examples within mitogen activated protein

mitogen activated protein

Mirabegron mediated lipolysis by rapidly phosphorylating hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), as well as the mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK).

137-OR: The Selective Human Beta 3 Adrenergic Receptor Mirabegron Potently Activates Lipolysis in Human White Adipocytes

mitogen activated protein

The RAGE-dependent mechanisms were traced to suppression of protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of its key targets, hormone-sensitive lipase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, upon β-adrenergic receptor stimulation—processes that dampen the expression and activity of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and thermogenic programs.

A Receptor of the Immunoglobulin Superfamily Regulates Adaptive Thermogenesis

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Sensitive Lipase sentence examples within white adipose tissue

white adipose tissue

These drugs also significantly activated the hormone‐sensitive lipase in the white adipose tissue indicating increased mobilization of TGs in this tissue.

Adrenoceptor‐related decrease in serum triglycerides is independent of PPARα activation

white adipose tissue

Vehicle-treated HFD-fed mice demonstrated an increase in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) weight and adipocyte size, which were associated with increased eWAT expression of the lipogenic regulators, fatty acid binding protein and fatty acid synthase, decreased expression of adipose triglyceride lipase and increased expression of hormone-sensitive lipase.

Role of angiotensin type 2 receptor in improving lipid metabolism and preventing adiposity

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Sensitive Lipase sentence examples within activated protein kinase

activated protein kinase

Abbreviations: AC: adenylyl cyclase; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; βAR: β-adrenergic receptor; CA: catecholamine; cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate; cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate; DPP-4: dipeptidyl peptidase-4; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GC: guanylyl cyclase; GH: growth hormone; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide-1; GLUT: glucose transporter; HSL: hormone-sensitive lipase; IR: insulin receptor; IRS: insulin receptor substrate; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK: MAPK/ERK kinase; MG: maltase-glucoamylase; NP: natriuretic peptide; NPR: natriuretic peptide receptor; mTORC2: mechanistic target of rapamycin complex-2; PC: proanthocyanidin; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PKA: cAMP-dependent protein kinase; PKB (AKT): protein kinase B; PKG: cGMP-dependent protein kinase; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; SGLT1: sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1; SI: sucrase-isomaltase; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor-α.

Bioactive compounds in plant materials for the prevention of diabetesand obesity

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Sensitive Lipase sentence examples within carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α

carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α

, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α, hormone-sensitive lipase, and uncoupling proteins 2) in liver and white adipose tissue.

Platycodon grandiflorum Extract Reduces High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Through Regulation of Adipogenesis and Lipogenesis Pathways in Mice.

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Sensitive Lipase sentence examples within carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1

carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1

Most importantly, ARG increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) and upregulated the messenger RNA levels of downstream genes related to fatty acid β‐oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and acyl‐CoA oxidase 1 but downregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element‐binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1c) and their targets, including lipogenesis‐related genes such as CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α, lipoprotein lipase, adipocyte protein 2, and fatty acid synthase (FAS), as well as lipolysis‐related genes such as adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone‐sensitive lipase.

Arctigenin improves lipid metabolism by regulating AMP‐activated protein kinase and downstream signaling pathways

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Sensitive Lipase sentence examples within tumor necrosis factor

tumor necrosis factor

Besides, eFABP4 promoted lipolysis and inflammation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as in adipose tissue of eFABP4-treated C57BL/6J mice, with elevated gene expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and elevated protein expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) (Ser-660), p38, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB).

Exogenous FABP4 interferes with differentiation, promotes lipolysis and inflammation in adipocytes

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Sensitive Lipase sentence examples within activated receptor γ

activated receptor γ

The results of fluorescence quantitative PCR revealed that decreasing the expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ, upregulating of uncoupling protein 2, hormone sensitive lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, inhibiting the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase appear to be the mechanism of SOEO microcapsules to lose weight.

Weight loss effect of sweet orange essential oil microcapsules on obese SD rats induced by high-fat diet

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Sensitive Lipase sentence examples within Hormone Sensitive Lipase

Hormone Sensitive Lipase

Meanwhile, triglyceride (TG) content was decreased and lipolysis genes expressions, such as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) were elevated in the jejunum and ileum of inulin and propionate treated mice.

Propionate promotes intestinal lipolysis and metabolic benefits via AMPK/LSD1 pathway in mice.

Hormone Sensitive Lipase

We show that blue light stimulation of adipocytes activates hormone sensitive lipase, the rate limiting enzyme in the lipolysis pathway, and that this is OPN3-dependent.

Adaptive thermogenesis in mice requires adipocyte light-sensing via Opsin 3

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Sensitive Lipase sentence examples within sensitive lipase expression

sensitive lipase expression

(4) Adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase expression were significantly elevated (p <.

Electric pulse stimulation inhibited lipid accumulation on C2C12 myotubes incubated with oleic acid and palmitic acid.

sensitive lipase expression

In adipose tissue, NXT reduced fatty acid synthase while activating hormone-sensitive lipase expression.

Therapeutic potential of NaoXinTong Capsule on the developed diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice.

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Sensitive Lipase sentence examples within sensitive lipase activity

sensitive lipase activity

AMPK activation caused by SCLE also significantly upregulated lipolysis by enhancing adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase activities.

Dietary supplement of Smilax china L. ethanol extract alleviates the lipid accumulation by activating AMPK pathways in high-fat diet fed mice

sensitive lipase activity

After 7 and 14 d of heat exposure, taurine supplementation significantly increased the proportion of breast muscle and hormone‐sensitive lipase activity in the abdominal fat (P < 0.

The alleviative effects and related mechanisms of taurine supplementation on growth performance and carcass characteristics in broilers exposed to chronic heat stress

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10.1038/S42255-018-0007-6

Here we identify a pathway linking the lipolytic enzyme hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) to insulin action via the glucose-responsive transcription factor ChREBP and its target, the fatty acid elongase ELOVL6.

Interaction between hormone-sensitive lipase and ChREBP in fat cells controls insulin sensitivity

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10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.05.012

Here, we studied the putative role of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL/LIPE) in HSC, as it is the major retinyl ester hydrolase (REH) in adipose tissue.

Hormone-sensitive lipase is a retinyl ester hydrolase in human and rat quiescent hepatic stellate cells.

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10.1089/PHOTOB.2018.4515

In this study, we analyzed the laser photobiomodulation in the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) activity, a key enzyme in the triglycerides (TAG) hydrolysis in adipose tissue 3T3-L1.

Laser Photobiomodulation 904 nm Promotes Inhibition of Hormone-Sensitive Lipase Activity in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Differentiated Cells.

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10.2218/gtopdb/f799/2019.4

Hormone-sensitive lipase is also a relatively nonselective esterase associated with steroid ester hydrolysis and triglyceride metabolism, particularly in adipose tissue.

Hydrolases (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

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10.1007/s10815-019-01406-z

Finally, human sperm expresses the 130- and 82-kDa hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) isoforms.

Morbid obesity–related changes in the expression of lipid receptors, transporters, and HSL in human sperm

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10.1139/apnm-2018-0165

Analysis of lipometabolism showed that protein levels of phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase was reduced upon DEX treatment but were restored by ZAG overexpression.

Effects of adipokine zinc-α2-glycoprotein on adipose tissue metabolism after dexamethasone treatment.

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10.1007/s10695-019-00738-y

The hormone-sensitive lipase ( HSL ) gene plays an important role in mammals’ lipid metabolism.

Molecular characterization and expression patterns of two hormone-sensitive lipase genes in common carp Cyprinus carpio

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10.1111/jpn.13064

In the adipose tissue, the enzyme activities of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) increased significantly by RES treatment (p < 0.

Effects of dietary resveratrol supplementation during gestation and lactation of sows on milk composition of sows and fat metabolism of sucking piglets.

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10.5713/ajas.18.0624

The HD cows had higher mRNA abundance of hormone-sensitive lipase at 3 DIM compared with the MD cows and LD cows (p = 0.

Effect of reduced energy density of close-up diets on metabolites, lipolysis and gluconeogenesis in Holstein cows

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10.1371/journal.pone.0210298

Sequence analysis showed EstDL136 to be a member of the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) family with an Asp-His-Ser catalytic triad and a notable substrate specificity.

Crystal structure of chloramphenicol-metabolizing enzyme EstDL136 from a metagenome

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10.7287/PEERJ.PREPRINTS.27467V1

Next, we ascertained a functional connection between nematode PLIN-1 and the effector enzyme, hormone-sensitive lipase (HOSL-1).

Evolutionarily conserved roles of Caenorhabditis elegans perilipin in lipolysis

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10.1096/fj.201802048RR

In response to CL316,243, circulating fatty acids, glycerol, and the phosphorylation of hormone‐sensitive lipase were attenuated in iWAT of Gcgr−/− mice.

Loss of glucagon signaling alters white adipose tissue browning

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10.2337/DB19-290-OR

In muscle samples, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) protein abundance increased ~2-fold after training in HIIT (P In summary, HIIT and MICT result in similar modifications to lipolytic proteins in skeletal muscle, although our findings suggest that HIIT may be a more potent stimulus for increasing HSL abundance.

290-OR: High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Induce Similar Modifications to Factors Regulating Skeletal Muscle Lipolysis

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10.1097/SHK.0000000000001439

Here, we investigated the metabolic effects of Acipimox, a clinically approved drug that suppresses lipolysis via inhibition of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL).

Inhibition of Lipolysis with Acipimox Attenuates Post-Burn White Adipose Tissue Browning and Hepatic Fat Infiltration.

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10.3390/nu11071529

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), protein kinases A (PKA), and perilipin A expressions were determined.

Intra-Abdominal Fat Adipocyte Hypertrophy through a Progressive Alteration of Lipolysis and Lipogenesis in Metabolic Syndrome Rats

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10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.05.011

Brd2 overexpression in adipocytes also inhibits fat synthesis-related gene expression, while activating hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) expression and ERK-dependent perilipin 1 inhibition as well as promoting glycerol release, which are all involved in lipolysis.

Bromodomain-containing protein 2 promotes lipolysis via ERK/HSL signalling pathway in white adipose tissue of mice.

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10.1016/J.NUT.2019.01.019

Phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was analyzed by Western blot.

Metformin treatment affects adipocytokine secretion and lipid composition in adipose tissues of diet-induced insulin-resistant rats.

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10.1177/2042018819877300

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is one of the three lipases in adipose tissue present during periods of energy demand.

Update on the synergistic effect of HSL and insulin in the treatment of metabolic disorders

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10.3390/ani9110930

Gene expressions of hormone-sensitive lipase and LPL in the abdominal fat tissue were also upregulated (p < 0.

Effect of Fermented Cottonseed Meal on the Lipid-Related Indices and Serum Metabolic Profiles in Broiler Chickens

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10.1007/s00424-019-02332-w

VAT signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 Tyr705 phosphorylation was lower, and VAT hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) Ser563 phosphorylation was higher in IL-6 iMKO mice than in Floxed mice at rest.

Impact of skeletal muscle IL-6 on subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue metabolism immediately after high- and moderate-intensity exercises

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10.3390/biom9110704

Bacterial hormone-sensitive lipases (bHSLs), which are homologous to the catalytic domains of human HSLs, have received great interest due to their uses in the preparation of highly valuable biochemicals, such as drug intermediates or chiral building blocks.

Molecular Characterization of a Novel Cold-Active Hormone-Sensitive Lipase (HaHSL) from Halocynthiibacter Arcticus

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10.1017/S1751731118002197

The activity of hormone-sensitive lipase in the liver and abdominal adipose tissue and the concentration of glucagon in the plasma were decreased by injection with β-casomorphin (P<0.

β-Casomorphin increases fat deposition in broiler chickens by modulating expression of lipid metabolism genes.

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10.1371/journal.pone.0214660

The expression level of phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase was not modified by training.

High intensity interval training promotes total and visceral fat mass loss in obese Zucker rats without modulating gut microbiota

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10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.192

Intriguingly, an H2S donor induced sulfhydration of plin-1 but not hormone-sensitive lipase, and CSE deletion abolished the post-translational modification of plin-1.

Sulfhydration of perilipin 1 is involved in the inhibitory effects of cystathionine gamma lyase/hydrogen sulfide on adipocyte lipolysis.

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10.1007/s10295-019-02253-8

Gene CA_C0816 codes for a serine hydrolase protein from Clostridium acetobutylicum (ATCC 824) a member of hormone-sensitive lipase of lipolytic family IV.

Biochemical characterization of an esterase from Clostridium acetobutylicum with novel GYSMG pentapeptide motif at the catalytic domain

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10.1155/2019/7546385

After one week, FI and wt were automatically recorded, indirect calorimetry parameters were measured, and blood samples were collected to measure T, ghrelin, insulin, growth hormone (GH), glucose, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL), free fatty acids (FFA), and lipid profiles.

Metabolic Effects of Testosterone Hormone Therapy in Normal and Orchiectomized Male Rats: From Indirect Calorimetry to Lipolytic Enzymes

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10.1152/ajpendo.00102.2019

In SOL, PDK4, UCP3, hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE), fatty acid translocase (CD36) and Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase2 (CPT2) were elevated and, SCD1, FAAH, FADS2 and Troponin1 (TNNC1) mRNA lower in HFD-mice, irrespective of genotype.

The TRPV1 channel regulates glucose metabolism.

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10.2147/DMSO.S216455

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is a key enzyme in lipolysis.

Effects of liraglutide on lipolysis and the AC3/PKA/HSL pathway

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10.3390/biom9120880

Sequence alignment has revealed that PMGL3 is a member of the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) family.

Thermal Inactivation of a Cold-Active Esterase PMGL3 Isolated from the Permafrost Metagenomic Library

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10.3168/jds.2018-15738

The diet × day interaction was significant for hormone-sensitive lipase due to Met cows having greater abundance at 10 d postpartum compared with controls.

Methionine supply during the periparturient period enhances insulin signaling, amino acid transporters, and mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway proteins in adipose tissue of Holstein cows.

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10.1111/febs.14779

Inhibition of CAs also caused alterations in lipid metabolism, since we detected an increased expression of hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) in hSCs.

Carbonic anhydrases are involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and control the production of lactate by human Sertoli cells

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10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.110

In this study, a novel bacterial hormone-sensitive lipase-like (bHSL) family homologue, designated EstAG1, was discovered by mining gDNA of bacteria isolated from fat contaminated soil in Lithuania.

Atypical organic-solvent tolerant bacterial hormone sensitive lipase-like homologue EstAG1 from Staphylococcus saprophyticus AG1: Synthesis and characterization.

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10.1080/08977194.2019.1626851

Treatment with 100 ng/mL VEGFB significantly induced the mRNA expression of adipose TG lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase (p <.

Vascular endothelial growth factor B inhibits lipid accumulation in C2C12 myotubes incubated with fatty acids

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10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06727

Interestingly, protein hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triacylglyceride lipase (ATGL) were down-regulated while lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is up-regulated after bifenthrin treatment.

Bifenthrin Induces Fat Deposition by Improving Fatty Acid Uptake and Inhibiting Lipolysis in Mice.

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10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.12.010

Progesterone stimulation was correlated with increases in the phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL; aka cholesteryl ester hydrolase), which is involved in the production of free cholesterol, and of steroidogenic acute regulatory (STAR) protein expression.

Redox regulation of hormone sensitive lipase: Potential role in the mechanism of MEHP-induced stimulation of basal steroid synthesis in MA-10 Leydig cells.

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10.1152/ajpendo.00227.2019

Cardiac overexpression of hormone-sensitive lipase in PLIN2-Tg mice resulted in atrial TAG depletion and amelioration of AF susceptibility.

Cardiac overexpression of perilipin 2 induces atrial steatosis, connexin 43 remodeling, and atrial fibrillation in aged mice.

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10.26402/jpp.2019.3.09

We found that each exercise bout induced numerous changes in the expression of mRNA and protein ATGL, hormone-sensitive lipase, CGI-58 and G0S2 in the investigated muscles.

Effect of acute exercise on mRNA and protein expression of main components of the lipolytic complex in different skeletal muscle types in the rat.

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10.1111/cbdd.13463

Lipolysis is primarily controlled by the stepwise action of hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) and monoglyceride lipase (MGL) to release free fatty acids and glycerol.

The herbicide quinclorac as potent lipase inhibitor: Discovery via virtual screening and in vitro/in vivo validation

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10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02191

013) and phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase at Ser660, Ser565, and Ser563 ( p < 0.

Combination of Capsaicin and Capsiate Induces Browning in 3T3-L1 White Adipocytes via Activation of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ/β3-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling Pathways.

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10.21608/mjcu.2019.53565

T, Hormone-Sensitive Lipase (HSL), Adipocyte Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL), Free Fatty Acids (FFA), and lipid profile were measured using the commercially available ELISA kits.

Lipolytic Effects of Testosterone Hormone Replacement Therapy in A Rat Model of Andropause Versus Normal Controls

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10.1093/jas/skz132

The expression and phosphorylation state of critical regulators of lipolysis such as perilipin-1 and hormone-sensitive lipase were also upregulated in ketotic cows.

Adipose tissue proteomic analysis in ketotic or healthy Holstein cows in early lactation1.

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10.3168/jds.2019-17256

In periparturient cows, linoleic acid is preferentially mobilized from AT during lipolysis by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) compared with other polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Lipolysis modulates the biosynthesis of inflammatory lipid mediators derived from linoleic acid in adipose tissue of periparturient dairy cows.

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10.1002/jcb.28643

The sterility of hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) knockout mice clearly shows the link between lipid metabolism and spermatogenesis.

The N‐terminal His‐tag affects the triglyceride lipase activity of hormone‐sensitive lipase in testis

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10.1093/jas/skz132

The expression and phosphorylation state of critical regulators of lipolysis such as perilipin-1 (PLIN1) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) were also upregulated in ketotic cows.

Adipose tissue proteomic analysis in ketotic or healthy Holstein cows in early lactation.

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10.1371/journal.pone.0214606

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of phosphotyrosine interaction domain containing 1 (PID1) on the insulin-induced activation of the AKT (protein kinase B)/protein kinase A (PKA)/hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) pathway and lipolysis.

PID1 alters the antilipolytic action of insulin and increases lipolysis via inhibition of AKT/PKA pathway activation

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10.2218/gtopdb/f799/2019.5

Hormone-sensitive lipase is also a relatively non-selective esterase associated with steroid ester hydrolysis and triglyceride metabolism, particularly in adipose tissue.

Hydrolases (version 2019.5) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

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Keywords related to Sensitive

Sensitive Lipase
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What is/are Sensitive Lipase?

Sensitive Lipase - Here we identify a pathway linking the lipolytic enzyme hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) to insulin action via the glucose-responsive transcription factor ChREBP and its target, the fatty acid elongase ELOVL6. [1] Here, we studied the putative role of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL/LIPE) in HSC, as it is the major retinyl ester hydrolase (REH) in adipose tissue. [2] In this study, we analyzed the laser photobiomodulation in the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) activity, a key enzyme in the triglycerides (TAG) hydrolysis in adipose tissue 3T3-L1. [3] Hormone-sensitive lipase is also a relatively nonselective esterase associated with steroid ester hydrolysis and triglyceride metabolism, particularly in adipose tissue. [4] Finally, human sperm expresses the 130- and 82-kDa hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) isoforms. [5] Analysis of lipometabolism showed that protein levels of phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase was reduced upon DEX treatment but were restored by ZAG overexpression. [6] The hormone-sensitive lipase ( HSL ) gene plays an important role in mammals’ lipid metabolism. [7] In the adipose tissue, the enzyme activities of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) increased significantly by RES treatment (p < 0. [8] The HD cows had higher mRNA abundance of hormone-sensitive lipase at 3 DIM compared with the MD cows and LD cows (p = 0. [9] Sequence analysis showed EstDL136 to be a member of the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) family with an Asp-His-Ser catalytic triad and a notable substrate specificity. [10] Next, we ascertained a functional connection between nematode PLIN-1 and the effector enzyme, hormone-sensitive lipase (HOSL-1). [11] In response to CL316,243, circulating fatty acids, glycerol, and the phosphorylation of hormone‐sensitive lipase were attenuated in iWAT of Gcgr−/− mice. [12] In muscle samples, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) protein abundance increased ~2-fold after training in HIIT (P In summary, HIIT and MICT result in similar modifications to lipolytic proteins in skeletal muscle, although our findings suggest that HIIT may be a more potent stimulus for increasing HSL abundance. [13] Here, we investigated the metabolic effects of Acipimox, a clinically approved drug that suppresses lipolysis via inhibition of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). [14] Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), protein kinases A (PKA), and perilipin A expressions were determined. [15] Brd2 overexpression in adipocytes also inhibits fat synthesis-related gene expression, while activating hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) expression and ERK-dependent perilipin 1 inhibition as well as promoting glycerol release, which are all involved in lipolysis. [16] Phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was analyzed by Western blot. [17] Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is one of the three lipases in adipose tissue present during periods of energy demand. [18] Gene expressions of hormone-sensitive lipase and LPL in the abdominal fat tissue were also upregulated (p < 0. [19] VAT signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 Tyr705 phosphorylation was lower, and VAT hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) Ser563 phosphorylation was higher in IL-6 iMKO mice than in Floxed mice at rest. [20] Bacterial hormone-sensitive lipases (bHSLs), which are homologous to the catalytic domains of human HSLs, have received great interest due to their uses in the preparation of highly valuable biochemicals, such as drug intermediates or chiral building blocks. [21] The activity of hormone-sensitive lipase in the liver and abdominal adipose tissue and the concentration of glucagon in the plasma were decreased by injection with β-casomorphin (P<0. [22] The expression level of phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase was not modified by training. [23] Intriguingly, an H2S donor induced sulfhydration of plin-1 but not hormone-sensitive lipase, and CSE deletion abolished the post-translational modification of plin-1. [24] Gene CA_C0816 codes for a serine hydrolase protein from Clostridium acetobutylicum (ATCC 824) a member of hormone-sensitive lipase of lipolytic family IV. [25] After one week, FI and wt were automatically recorded, indirect calorimetry parameters were measured, and blood samples were collected to measure T, ghrelin, insulin, growth hormone (GH), glucose, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL), free fatty acids (FFA), and lipid profiles. [26] In SOL, PDK4, UCP3, hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE), fatty acid translocase (CD36) and Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase2 (CPT2) were elevated and, SCD1, FAAH, FADS2 and Troponin1 (TNNC1) mRNA lower in HFD-mice, irrespective of genotype. [27] Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is a key enzyme in lipolysis. [28] Sequence alignment has revealed that PMGL3 is a member of the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) family. [29] The diet × day interaction was significant for hormone-sensitive lipase due to Met cows having greater abundance at 10 d postpartum compared with controls. [30] Inhibition of CAs also caused alterations in lipid metabolism, since we detected an increased expression of hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) in hSCs. [31] In this study, a novel bacterial hormone-sensitive lipase-like (bHSL) family homologue, designated EstAG1, was discovered by mining gDNA of bacteria isolated from fat contaminated soil in Lithuania. [32] Treatment with 100 ng/mL VEGFB significantly induced the mRNA expression of adipose TG lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase (p <. [33] Interestingly, protein hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triacylglyceride lipase (ATGL) were down-regulated while lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is up-regulated after bifenthrin treatment. [34] Progesterone stimulation was correlated with increases in the phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL; aka cholesteryl ester hydrolase), which is involved in the production of free cholesterol, and of steroidogenic acute regulatory (STAR) protein expression. [35] Cardiac overexpression of hormone-sensitive lipase in PLIN2-Tg mice resulted in atrial TAG depletion and amelioration of AF susceptibility. [36] We found that each exercise bout induced numerous changes in the expression of mRNA and protein ATGL, hormone-sensitive lipase, CGI-58 and G0S2 in the investigated muscles. [37] Lipolysis is primarily controlled by the stepwise action of hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) and monoglyceride lipase (MGL) to release free fatty acids and glycerol. [38] 013) and phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase at Ser660, Ser565, and Ser563 ( p < 0. [39] T, Hormone-Sensitive Lipase (HSL), Adipocyte Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL), Free Fatty Acids (FFA), and lipid profile were measured using the commercially available ELISA kits. [40] The expression and phosphorylation state of critical regulators of lipolysis such as perilipin-1 and hormone-sensitive lipase were also upregulated in ketotic cows. [41] In periparturient cows, linoleic acid is preferentially mobilized from AT during lipolysis by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) compared with other polyunsaturated fatty acids. [42] The sterility of hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) knockout mice clearly shows the link between lipid metabolism and spermatogenesis. [43] The expression and phosphorylation state of critical regulators of lipolysis such as perilipin-1 (PLIN1) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) were also upregulated in ketotic cows. [44] Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of phosphotyrosine interaction domain containing 1 (PID1) on the insulin-induced activation of the AKT (protein kinase B)/protein kinase A (PKA)/hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) pathway and lipolysis. [45] Hormone-sensitive lipase is also a relatively non-selective esterase associated with steroid ester hydrolysis and triglyceride metabolism, particularly in adipose tissue. [46]

adipose triglyceride lipase

(4) Adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase expression were significantly elevated (p <. [1] Meanwhile, triglyceride (TG) content was decreased and lipolysis genes expressions, such as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) were elevated in the jejunum and ileum of inulin and propionate treated mice. [2] In addition, plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels were decreased with a concomitant decrease in the expression of lipase adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in adipose tissue. [3] The qPCR analyses showed a trend of upregulated gene expression related to exosome secretion and internalization (charged multivesicular body protein 4A, vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B, vesicle associated membrane protein 7, caveolin 1) in the BFM and SCF, as well as upregulation of lipolysis-associated mRNAs (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, hormone-sensitive lipase, perilipin 1, adipose triglyceride lipase, fatty acid binding protein 4) and most of the microRNAs (miRNAs) in SCF. [4] In addition, cardamonin increased PKA phosphorylation and the mRNA and protein expression of the downstream lipolytic enzymes adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). [5] Furthermore, FC significantly increased the expressions of lipolysis-related genes, such as the hormone-sensitive lipase, Aquaporin-7, and adipose triglyceride lipase. [6] Lipolysis elevated serum FFA, triglyceride, and IL-6 levels in females that corresponded to significant phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase protein expression in obese female GWAT compared with males. [7] The role of carboxylesterase 3 (Ces3) in the lipolysis of adipocytes has been overlooked, as two major lipolytic enzymes, hormone sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase, play more powerful roles in lipolysis. [8] Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), p-HSL/HSL, Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL), and Comparative Gene Identification-58 (CGI-58) gradually decreased in SG and RYGB rats, but they were always higher than in control and sham animals. [9] Moreover, 10-6 M Dex obviously decreased sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and its related lipolysis genes adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) mRNA expression and enzyme activity, while significantly increased expression of adipogenesis genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBP-α) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). [10] AMPK activation caused by SCLE also significantly upregulated lipolysis by enhancing adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase activities. [11] Lipolysis can proceed by the sequential hydrolysis of triglycerides (TGs) by adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), then of diacylglycerols (DGs) by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). [12] Transcription levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) were not significantly impacted by either of the compounds. [13] TNF-α led to the activation of extrahepatic lipolysis demonstrated by the increase of serum free fatty acid (FFA) level, and the increased protein levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in mice epididymal adipose tissues, but had no significant effects on the protein levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and peroxisomal proliferator activation receptor α (PPAR-α) in mice liver. [14] The mRNA and protein expressions of the compounds adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58), G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2), hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) were examined by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. [15] Metformin might improve mitochondrial biogenesis in the BAT (nuclear respiratory factor 1, mitochondrial transcription factor A), lipolysis (perilipin, adipose triglyceride lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase), and fatty acid uptake (lipoprotein lipase, cluster of differentiation 36, adipocyte protein 2). [16] 05) with UMP and UR treatment, and key factors of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT-1α) involved in fatty acid catabolism were also decreased (p < 0. [17] This effect could partly be explained by reduced protein expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). [18] SFN also activates lipolysis by transcriptionally upregulating adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). [19] By contrast, the expression of some lipolytic genes, such as adipose triglyceride lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1α, were all up-regulated by bilobalide treatment, and the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, and HSL were stimulated. [20] Phosphorylation of perilipin and hormone-sensitive lipase, and in the adipose triglyceride lipase expression showed a significant increase in the HFD+EMfC treated group. [21] Differentiated fascial adipocytes versus subcutaneous or visceral adipocytes expressed increased adipose triglyceride lipase but decreased beta-adrenoreceptor, perilipin-1 and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), thus having high basal lipolysis but low lipolysis response to catecholamines. [22] An example of this regulation is seen in the transcripts of lipid-processing proteins such as adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl), hormone sensitive lipase (Hsl), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (Cpt1), which are directly regulated by CLOCK and exhibit circadian expression patterns (8). [23] RESULTS Kinsenoside reduced body weight, fat pad mass, and hepatic lipid accumulation in obese mice, and concurrently increased the induction and activation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), perilipin, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1). [24] Objectives To explore whether lutein could activate Sirtuin 1 and up-regulate hormone-sensitive lipase (ATGL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (HSL) and then further improve lipid metabolism in liver and abdominal tissues. [25] The relative mRNA expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase in liver, and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in subcutaneous adipose tissue, were measured by real-time PCR. [26] Meanwhile, DLBS3733 showed an insignificant effect on adipose triglyceride lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, and carnitine palmitoyl-CoA transferase-1 which indicate that DLBS3733 does not induce lipolysis. [27] FA exchange between aMVECs and adipose cells was bidirectional, and FA-induced PPARγ activation in aMVECs was dependent on functional adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) protein while deleting hormone-sensitive lipase in aMVECs had no effect. [28]

fatty acid synthase

The expression levels of LPL (lipoprotein lipase), HSL (Hormone-sensitive lipase), FAS (fatty acid synthase), and PPARα/PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/gamma) were significantly changed in the sheep preadipocytes during differentiation for 7 days. [1] In adipose tissue, NXT reduced fatty acid synthase while activating hormone-sensitive lipase expression. [2] Abbreviations: ASCs: adipose tissue-derived stem cells; LDs: lipid droplets; RUNX2: runt-related transcription factor 2; CFTR: cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; TG: triacylglycerol; FA: fatty acid; GLUT4: glucose transporter type 4; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ADRP: adipose differentiation-related protein; TIP47: tail-interacting protein of 47 kD; HSL: hormone sensitive lipase; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; DMEM: Dulbecco’s modified Eagle Medium; FBS: fetal bovine serum; SMA: smooth muscle actin; FAS: fatty acid synthase; ZONAB: ZO-1 associated nucleic acid binding protein; PPAR-γ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; C/EBPα: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α; CE: cholesteryl ester; V-ATPase: vacuolar H+ ATPase. [3] Accordingly, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in backfat was significantly up-regulated and fatty acid synthase (FAS) was down-regulated by MF supplementation (both P < 0. [4] As pigs aged from 1 wk-to 3-mo old, mRNA levels of adipose-specific genes increased, although their gene expressions coding for major enzymes involved in lipid metabolism (lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid synthase, and hormone-sensitive lipase) did not differ between lean and fat pigs. [5]

sterol regulatory element

Longer-term (24 and 48 h) treatment reduced the expression of lipogenic markers (FA synthase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1) and increased the expression of lipolytic [hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)] and mitochondrial (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1) markers. [1] The expression of regulatory molecules, TGF-β1/2, phospho-Akt (Ser473), PPARα, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and acyl dehydrogenases was analyzed in virus-infected hepatocytes. [2] Furthermore, after sesamol treatment, the hepatic sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1c) decreased, while the phosphorylated hormone sensitive lipase (p-HSL), the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α (CPT1α), and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1α (PGC1α) increased, which were responsible for the fatty acid synthesis, lipolysis, and fatty acid β-oxidation, respectively. [3] Genes or proteins regulating lipid metabolism include sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), zinc α 2 glycoprotein (ZAG) and estrogen receptor α (ERα), and the expression of proteins regulating inflammatory response, such as TLR4 and NF-κB, were determined. [4]

peroxisome proliferator activated

05) expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and expressions for Ppara and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) in the liver of IUGR-C rats than the IUGR rats. [1] ABBREVIATIONAA arachidonic acidACC acetyl-CoA carboxylaseACLY ATP-citrate lyaseACO acyl-CoA oxidaseALA α-linolenic acidALD alcoholic liver diseaseALP alkaline phosphataseALT alanine aminotransferaseAMPK AMP-activated protein kinaseAST aspartate aminotransferaseATGL adipose triglyceride lipasecAMP cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphateCOX cyclooxygenasesCPT1 carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1CYP2E1 cytochrome P450 2E1DGAT2 diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2DGLA dihomo-γ-linolenic acidDHA docosahexaenoic acidDPA docosapentaenoic acidDTA docosatetraenoic acidEPA eicosapentaenoic acidER endoplasmic reticulumETA eicosatetraenoic acidFAS fatty acid synthaseFATPs fatty acid transporter proteinsGLA,γ linolenic acidGPR120 G protein-coupled receptor 120GSH glutathione; H&E haematoxylin-eosin; HO-1 heme oxygenase-1; HSL hormone-sensitive lipase; IL-6 interleukin-6iNOS nitric oxide synthaseLA linoleic acidLBP lipopolysaccharide binding proteinLOX lipoxygenasesLXR liver X receptorLXREs LXR response elementsMCP-1 monocyte chemotactic protein-1MTP microsomal triglyceride transfer proteinMUFA monounsaturated fatty acidsMyD88 myeloid differentiation factor 88n-3 PUFAs omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acidNAFLD nonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseNASH nonalcoholic steatohepatitisNF-κB transcription factor nuclear factor κBPDE3B phosphodiesterase 3BPPAR peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorROS reactive oxygen speciesRXR retinoid X receptorSCD-1 stearyl CoA desaturase-1SDA stearidonic acidSFA saturated fatty acidsSIRT1 sirtuin 1SOD superoxide dismutaseSREBP sterol regulatory element-binding proteinTB total bilirubinTC total cholesterolTG triacylglycerolTLR4 Toll-like receptor-4TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-αVLDLR very low-density lipoprotein receptorWT wild type; ZO-1 zonula occludens-1. [2] In the liver, SOD1, CAT, GPX1, GST, NF-E2-related nuclear factor 2 (Nrf2), hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1b (CPT1b), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) mRNA levels were increased by APPs, while Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) mRNA level, C16:0 and C20:4n-6 proportions and Δ9-18 dehydrogenase activity were decreased. [3]

enhancer binding protein

Furthermore, following HFO feeding, pigs showed significant decreases in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio and mRNA expression levels of CCAAT-/enhancer-binding protein alpha, fatty acid synthase, lipoprotein lipase, and hormone-sensitive lipase in backfat (P < 0. [1] AHR inhibited lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation by downregulation of gene expression, such as hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and an adipogenic gene, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. [2] GPE significantly increased AMPK activation and suppressed adipogenesis by decreasing the mRNA expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c), PPARγ coactivator-1α, fatty acid synthase (FAS), adipocyte protein 2 (AP2), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and by increasing that of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1) and hormone- sensitive lipase (HSL). [3]

fatty acid binding

Lipolysis related genes (ATGL, hormone-sensitive lipase, HSL; monoacylglycerol lipase, MGL; and protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit, PKAC) and β-oxidation genes (PPARα; fatty acid binding protein 1, FABP1; and CPT1) in the adipose were up-regulated. [1] Despite similar rates of fatty acid oxidation in control and crSTIM1-KO hearts ex vivo, crSTIM1-KO hearts contained increased lipid/triglyceride content as well as increased fatty acid-binding protein 4, fatty acid synthase, acyl-CoA thioesterase 1, hormone-sensitive lipase, and adipose triglyceride lipase expression compared with control hearts, suggestive of a possible imbalance between fatty acid uptake and oxidation. [2]

mitogen activated protein

Mirabegron mediated lipolysis by rapidly phosphorylating hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), as well as the mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK). [1] The RAGE-dependent mechanisms were traced to suppression of protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of its key targets, hormone-sensitive lipase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, upon β-adrenergic receptor stimulation—processes that dampen the expression and activity of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and thermogenic programs. [2]

white adipose tissue

These drugs also significantly activated the hormone‐sensitive lipase in the white adipose tissue indicating increased mobilization of TGs in this tissue. [1] Vehicle-treated HFD-fed mice demonstrated an increase in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) weight and adipocyte size, which were associated with increased eWAT expression of the lipogenic regulators, fatty acid binding protein and fatty acid synthase, decreased expression of adipose triglyceride lipase and increased expression of hormone-sensitive lipase. [2]

activated protein kinase

Abbreviations: AC: adenylyl cyclase; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; βAR: β-adrenergic receptor; CA: catecholamine; cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate; cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate; DPP-4: dipeptidyl peptidase-4; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GC: guanylyl cyclase; GH: growth hormone; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide-1; GLUT: glucose transporter; HSL: hormone-sensitive lipase; IR: insulin receptor; IRS: insulin receptor substrate; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK: MAPK/ERK kinase; MG: maltase-glucoamylase; NP: natriuretic peptide; NPR: natriuretic peptide receptor; mTORC2: mechanistic target of rapamycin complex-2; PC: proanthocyanidin; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PKA: cAMP-dependent protein kinase; PKB (AKT): protein kinase B; PKG: cGMP-dependent protein kinase; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; SGLT1: sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1; SI: sucrase-isomaltase; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor-α. [1]

carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α

, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α, hormone-sensitive lipase, and uncoupling proteins 2) in liver and white adipose tissue. [1]

carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1

Most importantly, ARG increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) and upregulated the messenger RNA levels of downstream genes related to fatty acid β‐oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and acyl‐CoA oxidase 1 but downregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element‐binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1c) and their targets, including lipogenesis‐related genes such as CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α, lipoprotein lipase, adipocyte protein 2, and fatty acid synthase (FAS), as well as lipolysis‐related genes such as adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone‐sensitive lipase. [1]

tumor necrosis factor

Besides, eFABP4 promoted lipolysis and inflammation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as in adipose tissue of eFABP4-treated C57BL/6J mice, with elevated gene expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and elevated protein expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) (Ser-660), p38, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). [1]

activated receptor γ

The results of fluorescence quantitative PCR revealed that decreasing the expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ, upregulating of uncoupling protein 2, hormone sensitive lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, inhibiting the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase appear to be the mechanism of SOEO microcapsules to lose weight. [1]

Hormone Sensitive Lipase

Meanwhile, triglyceride (TG) content was decreased and lipolysis genes expressions, such as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) were elevated in the jejunum and ileum of inulin and propionate treated mice. [1] We show that blue light stimulation of adipocytes activates hormone sensitive lipase, the rate limiting enzyme in the lipolysis pathway, and that this is OPN3-dependent. [2] Chapter 4 revealed that hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) preferentially redistributes to LD associated with perilipin-5 (PLIN5) following 1 h of moderate-intensity exercise. [3] Abbreviations: ASCs: adipose tissue-derived stem cells; LDs: lipid droplets; RUNX2: runt-related transcription factor 2; CFTR: cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; TG: triacylglycerol; FA: fatty acid; GLUT4: glucose transporter type 4; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ADRP: adipose differentiation-related protein; TIP47: tail-interacting protein of 47 kD; HSL: hormone sensitive lipase; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; DMEM: Dulbecco’s modified Eagle Medium; FBS: fetal bovine serum; SMA: smooth muscle actin; FAS: fatty acid synthase; ZONAB: ZO-1 associated nucleic acid binding protein; PPAR-γ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; C/EBPα: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α; CE: cholesteryl ester; V-ATPase: vacuolar H+ ATPase. [4] Increased PP2A activity catalyzes the dephosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Ser 79) and hormone sensitive lipase (Ser 660), thus promoting fat storage and the “whitening” of otherwise lipolytic beige adipocytes. [5] Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) is a lipolytic enzyme, best characterized in adipose tissue, that is critical to the breakdown and utilization of LDs in vitro and in vivo. [6] CBS also downregulated fatty acid translocase (CD36), fatty acid transport protein (FATP), phosphorylated and total hormone sensitive lipase, phosphorylated and total protein kinase A, and PPARγ in obese rats. [7] Mirabegron mediated lipolysis by rapidly phosphorylating hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), as well as the mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK). [8] Further study showed that 2-AAA induced higher energy expenditure due to increased adipocyte thermogenesis via up-regulating PGC1α and UCP1 mediated by β3AR activation, and stimulated lipolysis depending on enhanced expression of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) through activating β3AR signaling. [9] The role of carboxylesterase 3 (Ces3) in the lipolysis of adipocytes has been overlooked, as two major lipolytic enzymes, hormone sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase, play more powerful roles in lipolysis. [10] Moreover, 10-6 M Dex obviously decreased sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and its related lipolysis genes adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) mRNA expression and enzyme activity, while significantly increased expression of adipogenesis genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBP-α) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). [11] The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of PG leaf extract on tissue activity of glycogen synthase (GS) and glycogen phosphorylase (GP); tissue activity of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL); serum lipid profile; and serum enzyme biomarkers of tissue damage. [12] 05) expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and expressions for Ppara and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) in the liver of IUGR-C rats than the IUGR rats. [13] The mRNA and protein expressions of the compounds adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58), G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2), hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) were examined by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. [14] Relative to inguinal WAT, BMAT had reduced phosphorylation of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) after treatment with pan-β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol. [15] The reason for increase in the triglyceride values before examination is due to the decreased insulin leading to activation of hormone sensitive lipase and more turnover of stored fat and production of excess triglyceride. [16] 3,5-T2 programmed the adipocyte for lipolysis by rapidly inducing hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) phosphorylation at the protein kinase A-responsive site Ser563, accompanied with glycerol release at the 1-week time-point, contributing to the partial normalization of adipocyte volume with respect to control (N) animals. [17] Triglyceride complexes consisting of a glycerol molecule bonded with 3 free fatty acids (FFA) there after the complex becomes cleaved by the enzyme hormone sensitive lipase to the glycerol molecule which is converted to glucose and the 3 FFAs enter via the cell’s mitochondria in Kreb’s cycle and Coenzyme A for energy production in the form of ATP [1]. [18] In the liver, SOD1, CAT, GPX1, GST, NF-E2-related nuclear factor 2 (Nrf2), hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1b (CPT1b), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) mRNA levels were increased by APPs, while Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) mRNA level, C16:0 and C20:4n-6 proportions and Δ9-18 dehydrogenase activity were decreased. [19] An example of this regulation is seen in the transcripts of lipid-processing proteins such as adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl), hormone sensitive lipase (Hsl), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (Cpt1), which are directly regulated by CLOCK and exhibit circadian expression patterns (8). [20] AHR inhibited lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation by downregulation of gene expression, such as hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and an adipogenic gene, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. [21] However, their ability to upregulate Peroxisome proliferation activating receptor gamma (Pparγ), Hormone sensitive lipase (Hsl), Lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) were retained while upregulation of Uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) by capsaicin was unchanged upon co-administration. [22] Our previous study reveals that interleukin-4 (IL-4) inhibits adipogenesis and promotes lipolysis to decrease lipid deposits by enhancing the activity of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL). [23] The results of fluorescence quantitative PCR revealed that decreasing the expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ, upregulating of uncoupling protein 2, hormone sensitive lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, inhibiting the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase appear to be the mechanism of SOEO microcapsules to lose weight. [24] In mammals, hormone sensitive lipase (EC 3. [25] Furthermore, after sesamol treatment, the hepatic sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1c) decreased, while the phosphorylated hormone sensitive lipase (p-HSL), the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α (CPT1α), and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1α (PGC1α) increased, which were responsible for the fatty acid synthesis, lipolysis, and fatty acid β-oxidation, respectively. [26] To clarify this mechanism, the mRNA levels for lipid metabolism-related genes in epididymal adipose tissue were measured, and the mRNA level of hormone sensitive lipase (Hsl), which is related to lipolysis, was found to be significantly increased after intake of the 1975 Japanese diet combined with exercise. [27] Phylogenetic analysis showed that esterase EstA1 was a member of the bacterial lipolytic enzyme family IV (hormone sensitive lipases). [28] Genes or proteins regulating lipid metabolism include sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), zinc α 2 glycoprotein (ZAG) and estrogen receptor α (ERα), and the expression of proteins regulating inflammatory response, such as TLR4 and NF-κB, were determined. [29] In parallel, an increase in the adipose hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) activity in adipose tissue was noted in diabetic rats, probably due to lack of insulin. [30]

sensitive lipase expression

(4) Adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase expression were significantly elevated (p <. [1] In adipose tissue, NXT reduced fatty acid synthase while activating hormone-sensitive lipase expression. [2]

sensitive lipase activity

AMPK activation caused by SCLE also significantly upregulated lipolysis by enhancing adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase activities. [1] After 7 and 14 d of heat exposure, taurine supplementation significantly increased the proportion of breast muscle and hormone‐sensitive lipase activity in the abdominal fat (P < 0. [2]