Introduction to Sensitive Hydrogels

Modulating fiber density within protease-sensitive hydrogels, we confirmed previous findings that heightened fiber density promotes fibroblast spreading and proliferation.

This versatile strategy can be potentially implemented with other photosensitive hydrogels to achieve user-defined hDOEs in a time-efficient and cost-effective fashion.

In this study, nasal cannabidiol inclusion complex temperature-sensitive hydrogels (CBD TSGs) were prepared and evaluated to treat PTSD.

Injectable thermosensitive hydrogels are free-flowing polymer solutions at low or room temperature, making them easy to encapsulate the therapeutic payload or cells via simply mixing.

In this work, the direct-write deposition of thermosensitive hydrogels is described as a facile route to obtain 3D cell-laden constructs with controlled 3D structure and stable behavior under physiological conditions.

Micellization and gelation phenomena of thermosensitive hydrogels based on various concentrations of Pluronic F127 (PF) and 4% w/w methylcellulose (MC) were investigated by test tube inversion, turbidity, differential scanning calorimetry and rheological analyses.

Herein, a nuclear-targeted tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (NLS-TDNs, NT) was synthesized to construct matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2) sensitive hydrogels as delivery vehicles with co-loaded disulfide cross-linked polyethyleneimine (PSP)/nuclear-targeted tetrahedral DNA (NLS-TDNs, NT)/doxorubicin (DOX) nanoparticles (NPs) (PSP/NT/DOX NPs and PNT/DOX NPs) and an immune adjuvant imiquimod (R837) to realize a combination of chemotherapy and immunization for metastatic breast cancer.

Both nanocarriers were loaded into chitosan/β glycerophosphate (CS/βGP) thermo-sensitive hydrogels and injected intra-articularly in adjuvant induced RA rat model.

Materials and Methods The thermosensitive hydrogels were prepared by blending 28% w/v Pluronic F127 with various concentrations of methylcellulose (MC) and silk fibroin (SF).

In this work, hydroxybutyl starch prepared by acid, alkali, and acid-base synergistic pretreatments from waxy corn starch exhibited great potential for preparing temperature-sensitive hydrogels.

pH-sensitive hydrogels have been applied in delivering probiotics and drugs.

Chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogels have been widely used in drug delivery and tissue engineering, but their poor bioactivity has limited their further applications.

In this study, a Polydopamine nanoparticles (PDNPs) incorporated poly (ethylene glycol)-poly(e-caprolactone-co-lactide) (PDNPs-PELA) thermosensitive hydrogels were fabricated by a facile in situ polymerization for intratunical administration of adipose stem cell-derived exosomes (EXO).

inorganic micro-/nanomedicine, polymeric micro-/nanomedicine and supramolecular assemblies), hydrogels (especially thermosensitive hydrogels), prodrug (PEGylation and targeting design) and hybrid biomaterials.

In this study, biogenically synthesized silver nanoparticle-decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Ag/MWCNTs) were deployed for adorning biogenic-derived AgNPs which were subsequently used in the preparation of thermosensitive hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid encompassing these green-synthesized NPs.

Excellent radiation resistance is a prerequisite for pressure-sensitive hydrogels to be used in high-energy radiation environments.

Thermosensitive hydrogels are ideal dressing materials since they can maintain a moist environment at the wound site and release additional bioactive molecules to treat the wound when the area is infected.

This study deals with the potential use of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-itaconic acid) temperature-sensitive hydrogels as an adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions.

Simultaneous usage of cationic and anionic thermosensitive hydrogels was shown to positively contribute to adsorption of heavy metal ions.

In particular, thermo-sensitive hydrogels, which can undergo phase transition or swell/deswell as ambient temperature changes, endow the drug delivery system with enhanced local drug penetration, desirable spatial and temporal control, and improved drug bioavailability.

In this paper, novel pH-sensitive hydrogels based on whey protein isolate (WPI) grafted sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) due to their non toxicity and biodegradability, were synthesized and utilized as new carrier for specific pH-sensitive controlled Lactobacillus plantarum (L.

Therefore, injectable thermosensitive hydrogels were developed based on lactobionic acid-modified chitosan/chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (CSLA/CS/GP) hydrogel lyophilizate powders, and their properties were compared with original hydrogels that had not been freeze-dried.

In this study, injectable thermosensitive hydrogels were evaluated as sustained delivery systems for Cy5.

In this review, the authors have discussed scientific advances in thermosensitive hydrogels over the past two decades.

To prolong the action time of glucosamine on OA and improve its therapeutic effect, this research explored the potential application of GlcN-loaded thermosensitive hydrogels based on poloxamer 407 and poloxamer 188 for OA therapy by intra-articular injection.

Then, these monomers were used as crosslinkers to prepare three series of thermosensitive hydrogels with 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl methacrylate (MEMA).

pH-sensitive hydrogels are classified as soft materials that can be employed for future imaginative applications due to their interesting characteristics.

Take advantages of the abundance of vicinal hydroxyl on a variety of polysaccharides, the disulfide-containing Schiff base reactions is considered as versatile method to develop stimuli-sensitive hydrogels for local drug delivery.

According to the properties of SeNPs and CS/GP thermosensitive hydrogels, the combination of these two technologies in an appropriate manner would be a promising antioxidant system for drug delivery and tissue engineering.

The gelation rates and storage moduli of MSDHs and the MMP-insensitive hydrogels (MIHs) based on an MMP-insensitive scramble peptide were comparable and dependent on the concentrations of precursor polymers.

Fast-gelling chitosan thermosensitive hydrogels have proven to be excellent matrices for targeted drug-delivery and cell therapy.

Stimulus-sensitive hydrogels, which can be formed by responding to stimuli in the cancer microenvironment, have been widely studied as controlled-release carriers for hydrophobic anticancer drugs.

It was concluded that enzyme/pH dual-sensitive hydrogels are an effective colon-targeted delivery system for UC.

Thermo- and pH-sensitive hydrogels based on chitosan (CS) and gellan gum (GG) were used for efficient curcumin (CUR) delivery for the first time.

Developing smart temperature-sensitive hydrogels with a wide response range and highly stretchable and healable properties for simulation of the temperature perception function of human skin remains a great challenge.

pH-sensitive hydrogels are promising materials to be employed in microfluidic devices, especially microvalves.

pH-sensitive hydrogels based on chitosan-graft-poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) were synthesized via radical polymerization in solution.

Recently, pH-sensitive hydrogels have been utilized in the diverse applications including sensors, switches, and actuators.

Although, thermosensitive hydrogels have exhibited promising interventions, formulation of a biodegradable, stable thermosensitive hydrogel for sustained drug release remain to be vastly studied.

Injured mice in three additional groups were treated with unconditioned MSC medium (UM), MSC-CM, or UM/chitosan/collagen/β-GP thermosensitive hydrogels.

Injectable thermosensitive hydrogels have been widely investigated for drug delivery systems.

Temperature and pH-sensitive hydrogels were prepared from N-isopropyl acrylamide and polyacrylic acid through co-polymerization using ammonium persulfate as the initiator, N,N,N’,N’-tetramethylenediamine as the activator and N,N’-methylene bisacrylamide as crosslinker.

The data reported establishes plasmonically modulated thermosensitive hydrogels as a candidate material that can be tailored to specific clinical applications of stimulated release.

Fluorescence/temperature-sensitive hydrogels, thanks to their properties in fluorescence and temperature sensitivity, have shown a promising outlook in the fields of drug delivery, cell imaging, etc.

Our group had recently developed a method for harvesting uniformly sized multicellular spheroids via self-assembly of micro-scaled cell sheets (μCSs) induced by the expansion of temperature-sensitive hydrogels.

The pH-sensitive hydrogels are attractive candidates to act like a microvalve in microfluidic devices.

Allyl-Tol-PDA and Tet-Allyl-PDA were then polymerized with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) and N,N’-methylenbisacrylamide (BIS) to give thermosensitive hydrogels, namely PTDA-gel and PDA-gel.

[4] Researchers are now exploring natural polymers, such as alginate, to develop new smart biomaterial such as pH-sensitive hydrogels for application in drug delivery and tissue engineering.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) and ornidazole (ORN) loaded Chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (CS/β-GP) thermosensitive hydrogels on periodontal regeneration.

In this study, we report a method for the fabrication of size-controllable stromal cell spheroids in different sizes from micro-scaled cell sheets (μCS) using thermosensitive hydrogels and investigated their effects on stromal cell function.

This paper presents a principle of flaw-insensitive hydrogels under both static and cyclic loads.

Because photosensitive hydrogels are a convenient material platform for creating stiffness gradients in three dimensions, the presented microspheroid-hydrogel encapsulation strategy holds promise for future strategies of cartilage or bone TE.

Development of highly thermo-sensitive hydrogels, particularly at a low-temperature range, has promising applications in diverse fields.

The lipopeptide was then successfully loaded into soft and fully degradable thermosensitive hydrogels, which released high concentrations of active drug (widely exceeding the minimum bactericidal concentration) in a controlled manner against S.

Cell spreading was greatest in P1 low crosslinked hydrogels and to a lesser degree in P2 low crosslinked hydrogels, but not evident in nondegradable and high crosslinked MMP‐sensitive hydrogels.

This alkaline pH change can be detected with stimuli-sensitive hydrogels.

This first report of physical densification using fs lasers can be potentially extended for investigating cell behavior within other photosensitive hydrogels.

As a matter of fact, using embedded resistance heating wires to generate thermal actuation has been explored in many different thermally actuating materials including shape memory polymers,[37] temperature-sensitive hydrogels,[38] and fish-line artificial muscle.

Recently, thermosensitive hydrogels have attracted much attention as scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering owing to their unique physical properties analogous to the native ECM.

The PGT/randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin complexes were incorporated into chitosan thermosensitive hydrogels, as an alternative formulation for the vaginal administration of PGT.

The naturally occurring hydrophobic sequences promoted an economically feasible XG gelling that may produce thermo and kosmo-sensitive hydrogels.

Temperature-sensitive hydrogels, which gelation at physiological temperature, gift the delivery system with excellent spatial and temporal control, and have a widely application in drug delivery, tissue engineering, imaging, and wound dressing.

In the present research, humic acid (HA) embedded chitosan (CHT)-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) pH-sensitive hydrogels have been synthesized using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker.

Thermo-sensitive hydrogels are synthesised based on two blocks: the hydrophilic block (PEG) and hydrophobic blocks such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and PLA.

We explore the feasibility of using thermosensitive hydrogels based on copolymers of acrylic acid (AAC) and N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] acrylamide (DMAPAA) [P(AAC-co-DMAPAA)] for adsorption and desorption of phosphate in aqueous solutions by a temperature swing.

APPROACH This study adopted a scaffold-independent DDS based on methoxy-poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly(γ-ethyl-L-glutamate) (mPEG-PELG) thermosensitive hydrogels that undergo sol-to-gel transition at body temperature.

pH-Sensitive hydrogels of the poly(methacrylic acid-co- methyl methacrylate) (MAA/MMA) type, 22/78 molar % with differ- ent cross-linking percentages (0.

To address this issue, a novel CHE controlled release drug delivery system consisted of composite magnetic-thermosensitive hydrogels (CMHs) with magnetocaloric properties was designed.

Considering vast applications of light-sensitive hydrogels in designing sensors and actuators, in this article, a semi-analytical solution is developed for predicting the mechanical behavior of light-responsive hydrogels.

In our previous paper (Nguyen et al, Sensors & Actuators B, 2018), we have shown that polyampholytic glucose-sensitive hydrogels (GSHs) that contain both fixed positive and negative charges along the polymer backbone are particularly suitable for this application, provided that the hydrogels contain an excess of positive over negative charges at typical pH values.

Injectable in situ thermosensitive hydrogels have potential applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery.

This showed that the fabric-supported thermal-sensitive hydrogels had functions of keeping the wound area breathable and comfortable, and provided controlled drug release with good mechanical properties, indicating a great potential and significance for wound dressing applications.

The present study evaluates the effect of hydrophilic co-monomer, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acrylamide on the properties of thermosensitive hydrogels with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and assesses the release rate of the model drug naproxen sodium embedded into the hydrogel.

Recently, temperature-sensitive hydrogels have been employed widely in various applications such as switches and actuators.

In this study, hydrophobic interactions were harnessed to assemble water-soluble macromolecules and nanoparticles into a transient hybrid network forming thermosensitive hydrogels with tunable rheological properties.

Moreover, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the thermosensitive hydrogels was manipulated in a wide range by changing the molar ratio of NIPAM to AAm.