Respirator Masks(呼吸面罩)到底是什麼？
Respirator Masks 呼吸面罩 - We explored the possibility to adopt additive manufacturing technologies for the production of respirator masks, responding to the sudden demand of SPDs caused by the emergency scenario of the pandemic spread of SARS-COV-2. [1] Amongst other products, respirator masks are crucial to protect the users against transmission of the virus. [2] One solution proposed is re-sterilisation of respirator masks and this has been commenced in some parts of the world. [3] In this chapter, few examples of 3D-printed items include face shields, nasal swabs, respirator masks and ventilator components used by folk’s has been discussed. [4] An overview of global ongoing and past initiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic along with their challenges on retrofitting full-face snorkeling masks for healthcare applications such as splash-proof face shields, respirator masks and non-invasive ventilation systems are reported in this contribution. [5]我們探討了採用增材製造技術生產口罩的可能性，以應對因 SARS-COV-2 大流行蔓延的緊急情況而導致的 SPD 的突然需求。 [1] 在其他產品中，呼吸面罩對於保護用戶免受病毒傳播至關重要。 [2] 提出的一種解決方案是對呼吸面罩進行重新消毒，這已在世界某些地區開始。 [3] 在本章中，討論了一些 3D 打印物品的示例，包括面罩、鼻拭子、呼吸面罩和人們使用的呼吸機組件。 [4] 本文概述了 COVID-19 大流行期間全球正在進行和過去的舉措，以及它們在為醫療保健應用（如防濺面罩、呼吸面罩和無創通風系統）改裝全臉浮潛面罩方面面臨的挑戰。 [5]
personal protective equipment 個人保護設備
A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed with keywords “Coronavirus disease 2019”, “COVID-19”, “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “supply shortages”, “N95 respirator masks”, “personal protective equipment”, “PPE”, “ventilators”, “three-dimensional model”, “three-dimensional printing” “3D printing” and “ventilator”. [1] The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a significant shortage of personal protective equipment in multiple health care facilities around the world, with the highest impact on N95 respirator masks. [2] The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presented European hospitals with chronic shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as surgical masks and respirator masks. [3] Even though international guidelines on “droplet” versus “air” precautions and personal protective equipment (surgical versus respirator masks) are under discussion, the existing literature underscores the effectiveness of “droplet” precautions as a means of protecting healthcare workers. [4]使用 PubMed 進行了全面的文獻綜述，關鍵詞為“2019 年冠狀病毒病”、“COVID-19”、“嚴重急性呼吸綜合徵冠狀病毒 2”、“SARS-CoV-2”、“供應短缺”、“N95 口罩”、 “個人防護裝備”、“PPE”、“呼吸機”、“三維模型”、“三維打印”、“3D打印”和“呼吸機”。 [1] 2019 年冠狀病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行導致全球多個醫療機構嚴重短缺個人防護設備，對 N95 口罩的影響最大。 [2] nan [3] nan [4]
N95 Respirator Masks N95 呼吸面罩
A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed with keywords “Coronavirus disease 2019”, “COVID-19”, “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “supply shortages”, “N95 respirator masks”, “personal protective equipment”, “PPE”, “ventilators”, “three-dimensional model”, “three-dimensional printing” “3D printing” and “ventilator”. [1] According to the literature, effective decontamination of N95 respirator masks or surgical masks requires UV-C doses of greater than 1 Jcm−2, which was achieved after 4. [2] Disposable N95 respirator masks are the current standard for healthcare worker respiratory protection in the COVID‐19 pandemic. [3] PPE include N95 respirator masks or surgical masks, eye protectors or face shields, alcohol-based sanitizers, protective gowns, surgical caps and rubber boots. [4] The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a significant shortage of personal protective equipment in multiple health care facilities around the world, with the highest impact on N95 respirator masks. [5] A full PPE, including a Powered Air Purifying Respirators (PAPR) system, fit-tested N95 respirator masks, face shield, and tight-fitting eye protection goggles, are recommended in performing the surgeries. [6]使用 PubMed 進行了全面的文獻綜述，關鍵詞為“2019 年冠狀病毒病”、“COVID-19”、“嚴重急性呼吸綜合徵冠狀病毒 2”、“SARS-CoV-2”、“供應短缺”、“N95 口罩”、 “個人防護裝備”、“PPE”、“呼吸機”、“三維模型”、“三維打印”、“3D打印”和“呼吸機”。 [1] 據文獻報導，N95口罩或外科口罩的有效去污需要大於1 Jcm-2的UV-C劑量，這在4.0後達到。 [2] nan [3] nan [4] 2019 年冠狀病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行導致全球多個醫療機構嚴重短缺個人防護設備，對 N95 口罩的影響最大。 [5] nan [6]
Particulate Respirator Masks 顆粒物呼吸面罩
Persistence of viable virus was monitored over 21 days on eight different materials, including nitrile medical examination gloves, reinforced chemical resistant gloves, N-95 and N-100 particulate respirator masks, Tyvek, plastic, cotton, and stainless steel. [1] N95 particulate respirator masks are currently recommended for all healthcare workers who care for patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) when performing aerosol-generating procedures. [2] According to the study, the lack of access and availability of PPE such as Particulate Respirator Masks, face shields, protective clothing, protective gloves, and hand sanitizer/disinfectant as facilities in hospitals causes Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Social Phobia, and Post-Stress Disorder Trauma from before. [3]在 21 天內對八種不同材料（包括丁腈醫學檢查手套、增強型耐化學性手套、N-95 和 N-100 顆粒物呼吸面罩、Tyvek、塑料、棉和不銹鋼）的活病毒持續性進行了監測。 [1] 目前，建議所有在執行產生氣溶膠的程序時照顧疑似或確診冠狀病毒病 (COVID-19) 患者的醫護人員使用 N95 顆粒物呼吸器面罩。 [2] nan [3]