Introduction to Recycled Coarse

What is/are Recycled Coarse?

Recycled Coarse - The rates of replacing natural aggregates with recycled coarse were 0%, 10%, and 20%. ^[1] Also, it was found that applying the recycled coarse and fine aggregates in concrete mixes with percentage of replacement 100% resulted in a less decreases in the strength. ^[2]

recycled aggregate concrete

In this experimental study, the behavior of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) incorporating 100% recycled coarse (RC) aggregate is examined. ^[1] For decades, research on the mechanical properties and durability of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) to make recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) has been widely investigated. ^[2] Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) specimens with different water–cement ratios and replacement levels of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) were prepared. ^[3] This paper investigates the time-dependent reliability of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) beams made with 50% incorporation of recycled coarse aggregates. ^[4] This paper investigates the compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete having the replacement of 0, 30, 40, 50 & 60% recycled coarse aggregates. ^[5] Three point bending fracture tests of recycled aggregate concrete beams with different recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratio (0%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 100%) have been carried out, with results analyzed by digital image correlation (DIC) method and the traditional electrometric method. ^[6] The effect of moisture condition and recycled brick aggregate (RBA) content in recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) on the rheological properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) was examined in this study. ^[7] For decades, recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) has been used to make recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). ^[8] This study focuses on the fracture behavior of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) after exposure to elevated temperatures, thus, a total of 128 cubic specimens and 64 notched beams were cast to analysis the effects of recycled coarse aggregate (RA) substitutions (0%, 30%, 70% and 100%) and elevated temperatures (20 °C, 100 °C, 200 °C and 300 °C) on fracture parameters of RAC, such as peak load (Pmax), critical crack mouth opening displacement (CMODc), critical crack tip opening displacement (CTODc), effective crack length (ac), fracture energy (GF), initiation fracture toughness ( K I C i n i ) , unstable fracture toughness ( K I C u n ), the characteristic length (Lch) and so on. ^[9] Five recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) treatment techniques including flow-through carbonation, pressurized carbonation, wet carbonation, nano silica (NS) pre-spraying and combined pressurized carbonation with NS pre-spraying, were utilized to improve the performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). ^[10] One such option is the utilization of construction and demolition wastes, preferably named as recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) to produce a sustainable recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). ^[11] Recycled aggregate concrete is a sustainable concrete produced with recycled coarse aggregate (RAC) from demolition wastes generally used to fabricate non-structural elements. ^[12] This paper presents an investigation on the effects of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratio and recycled rubber particle (RRP) size on the hysteretic energy and damping variation of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) under various cyclic compression loadings. ^[13] The experimental programme, adopting four series of column specimens designed with various stainless steel tube sizes, recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratios and member lengths, included material tests on both recycled aggregate concretes and stainless steel tubes, initial global geometric imperfection measurements and pin-ended column tests. ^[14] This study has endeavored to investigate the effects of using recycled coarse aggregates (RCA), various types of wastewater effluents, fly ash, and glass fibers on the mechanical and durability behavior of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) incorporating with fly ash and glass fibers (FGRAC). ^[15] This chapter focuses on the feasible use of partial cement substituted by fly ash in 100% recycled coarse aggregate-based concrete (feasible use of fly ash in recycled aggregate concrete [FARAC]). ^[16] To investigate the seismic performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) members in a freeze-thaw environment, the seismic fragility analysis of RAC bridge columns with different recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratios subjected to freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) was performed by the cloud analysis method. ^[17] The effects of the strain rate, hoop reinforcement confinement, and replacement ratio of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) on the mechanical properties of confined recycled aggregate concrete (CRAC) are thoroughly analyzed and assessed. ^[18] The structural performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) made with different proportions of recycled coarse aggregate under various types of loads are presented. ^[19] In order to study the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) specimens after exposure to high temperatures, 120 RAC prism specimens, 57 reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (RRAC) specimens, and 56 steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (SRRAC) specimens were designed, involving two varying parameters such as recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentage and temperature. ^[20] The mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) may be affected by the service time of parent concrete used to produce the recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), which has not been experimentally investigated. ^[21] This paper studied the shear behavior of three types of recycled aggregate concrete with different replacement levels of recycled coarse aggregate. ^[22]

natural coarse aggregate

This paper present the laboratory investigation on replacing of Natural Coarse Aggregate (NCA) with Recycled Coarse Aggregate (RCA) in concrete while Cement is replaced by Metakaolin (MK) and GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag), as varying content of GGBS as 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% with amount of MK was fixed at 10% by weight. ^[1] In addition, the recycled coarse aggregate was used at 100% in terms of mass instead of natural coarse aggregate. ^[2] More specifically, the present research aims to analyze the environmental impacts caused by five mixtures of concrete, with similar mechanical properties and workability, but with a different amount of recycled coarse aggregate and natural coarse aggregate (0% - 30% - 50% - 70% - 100%). ^[3] The application of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) made from waste concrete to replace natural coarse aggregate (NCA) in concrete structures can essentially reduce the excessive consumption of natural resources and environmental pollution. ^[4] In contrast, the natural coarse aggregates were replaced by recycled coarse aggregate using five different replacement percentages, i. ^[5] One of the eco-friendly alternatives for conventional concrete (CON) is the system that incorporates recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) as the replacement of natural coarse aggregates (NCA) and fly ash (FA) as the partial replacement of Portland cement (OPC). ^[6] Using sea sand instead of river sand and recycled coarse aggregates instead of natural coarse aggregates to prepare sea sand and recycled aggregate concrete (SSRAC) can help preserve sand and stone resources, reduce construction costs, and protect ecological environments. ^[7] , alkali-activated concrete (AAC) with natural coarse aggregates, AAC with recycled coarse aggregates (RCA), and bacterial concrete (BC). ^[8] The data set was used to develop an ANN, whose optimal structure was determined using the trial-and-error method by taking cement content (C), sand content (S), natural coarse aggregate content (NCA), recycled coarse aggregate content (RCA), water content (W), water–colloid ratio (WCR), sand content rate (SR), and replacement rate of recycled aggregate (RRCA) as input parameters. ^[9] Shortage of natural coarse aggregate in future can be solved by replacing it with recycled coarse aggregate from demolition waste itself. ^[10] To improve the structural application of steel fiber-reinforced concrete with recycled aggregates (SFRC-RA) composited in gradation by large-particle natural coarse aggregate and small-particle recycled coarse aggregate, the large eccentric compression behavior of eight SFRC-RA columns was experimentally investigated in this paper. ^[11] Demolished concrete was used recycled coarse aggregates in equal proportion with natural coarse aggregates. ^[12] This research deals with partial replacement of natural coarse aggregates (NCA) with recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) of age group 30 years and 35 years in different proportions like 20%, 30%, 40%. ^[13] In this investigation, SCC is modified by recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) in various percentages of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) substitutes from 0 percent to 100 percent with a 20 percent increase. ^[14] High-strength concrete (HSC) containing recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), as a partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate, is tested in this paper to have information on RCA concrete behavior at high temperature. ^[15] Also, it was observed that the optimum percentage of replacement of natural coarse aggregates by recycled coarse aggregates was about 45%. ^[16] Between 14 and 21% of cumulative energy consumption and 25–31% of global warming, impacts could be avoided with the use of 50 natural coarse aggregate (NA)+50100 recycled coarse aggregate (RA)+90 ordinary Portland cement (OPC)+10SF and 50NA+50RA+60OPC+30FA+10SF concrete formulations instead of 100NA (natural aggregate)+100OPC concrete to provide the same compressive strength. ^[17] This paper compares environment impacts of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) and Particle Packing Method (PPM) of mix design approach with the concrete proportioned using natural coarse aggregate (NCA) and IS code method. ^[18] Recycled coarse aggregate (R-CA) from concrete demolition was used as a full replacement for natural coarse aggregate (N-CA). ^[19] The use of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) can reduce the consumption of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) and preserve the natural environment. ^[20]

self compacting concrete

The influence of four factors (water-binder ratio, recycled coarse aggregate replacement rate, fly ash substitution rate, and superplasticizer content) on the workabilities and mechanical properties of recycled coarse aggregate self-compacting concrete (RCASCC) was studied using the orthogonal test method. ^[1] In the present work, an experimental investigation was carried out on self-compacting concrete made with various replacement levels of recycled coarse aggregate. ^[2] One of the prime objectives of this review is to understand the role of design parameters on the mechanical properties (Compressive and split tensile strength) of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) with recycled aggregates (Recycled Coarse Aggregates (RCA) and Recycled Fine Aggregates (RFA)). ^[3] The current study compares the properties of self-compacting concrete with 0 percent, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% substitution of recycled coarse aggregate in the fresh and hardened states. ^[4] The present investigation has been piloted to evaluate the overall feasibility of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) prepared with Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) and Recycled Coarse Concrete Aggregates (RCA) by replacing of Normal Fine Aggregates (NFA) and Normal Coarse Aggregates (NCA) respectively. ^[5] The effect of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) on the fresh and hardened properties of C40 self-compacting concrete (SCC) was investigated in this paper. ^[6] In the present study, self-compacting concrete beams with recycled coarse aggregate (25% replacement of total coarse aggregate by weight) were tested by varying aspect ratio (50, 70 and 100) of hook end steel fiber for constant fiber content of 0. ^[7] The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) used to manufacture self-compacting concrete with recycled aggregates (SCRC) by evaluating the char. ^[8] In this paper, the possibility of utilising foundry sand and recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) obtained from a ready-mix concrete plant for making self-compacting concrete (SCC) was evaluated. ^[9]

recycled fine aggregate

m), replacement percentage of recycled coarse aggregates (RCA), replacement percentage of recycled fine aggregates (RFA), fresh density and loading area of the specimen. ^[1] Based on the compressive strength data of 13 groups of mixtures, which is larger than 30 MPa, and with the RA substitution rate not less than 50%, the RAC containing 50% recycled fine aggregate (RFA) (HDX50), 70% RFA (HDX70), and 50% recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) (HDC50) were selected. ^[2] Recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) has about 28% higher bonded mortar content (BMC) with porosity of bonded mortar (BM) almost double as that of recycled fine aggregate (RFA). ^[3] The utilization and recycling of mixed recycled aggregates (MRA) comprising recycled fine aggregates (RFA) and recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) were explored for construction applications using the coupled Taguchi-RSM optimization approach. ^[4] Test parameters include water-binder ratio, recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentage, recycled fine aggregate (RFA) replacement percentage, bar surface shape, and anchorage length of reinforcements. ^[5]

25 % 50

Seven mixes of concrete were casted using normal and recycled coarse aggregate and tested with different RCA replacement percentages of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 50% and 75% respectively. ^[1] 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of recycled coarse aggregate, the dynamic direct tensile tests, splitting tests, and spalling tests of recycled aggregate concrete in the strain-rate range of 100–102 s−1 were carried out using large diameter (75 mm) split Hopkinson tensile bar and pressure bar. ^[2] A total of five groups of RAC specimens with different recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentages of 0, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively, are tested under both monotonic loading and cyclic loading. ^[3] The mass loss, ultrasonic velocity, dynamic modulus of elasticity and cubic compressive strength of recycled coarse aggregate concrete whose coarse aggregate replacement percentage is 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% are tested and compared with NAC when the cycles of freezing and thawing are 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200 times. ^[4]

% 40 %

Recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) was used to replace 30%, 40%, and 50% of the natural coarse aggregate (NCA), respectively, by volume in the samples, and the fine aggregate was a combination of 70% natural fine aggregate (NFA) and 30% recycled fine aggregate (RFA) by volume. ^[1] The present study aims to replace 30%, 40%, and 50% of the natural coarse aggregate (NCA) of concrete with recycled coarse aggregate containing used nano-silica (RCA-UNS) to produce a new sustainable concrete. ^[2] Six types of concrete mixtures were tested: concrete made entirely with natural aggregate as control concrete, and five types of concrete made with natural fine and recycled coarse aggregate (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% replacement of coarse recycled aggregate). ^[3] Other six concrete mixes contain 0%, 40% and 60% GGBFS with each of 50% and 100% recycled coarse aggregate (RCA). ^[4]

reinforced recycled aggregate

To study the eccentric compressive performance of basalt-fiber reinforced recycled aggregate concrete-filled square steel tubular stub columns, eight specimens with different replacement ratios of recycled coarse aggregates, basalt fiber dosages, recycled aggregate concrete strength grades, and eccentricities were tested under eccentric static loading. ^[1] In this research, steel fibre and recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) are used to form a steel-fibre-reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (SFRAC) to improve the recycling and reuse rate of CDW. ^[2] In order to study the dynamic behaviour and energy dissipation of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) beams under impact, four groups of reinforced RAC simply supported beams with various recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentages are designed and tested under drop weight impact at the mid-span of beams and corresponding another four groups of beam specimens under static loading. ^[3]

profile steel ratio

The following main design parameters of columns were considered: recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentage, width-thickness ratio of square steel tube, profile steel ratio and RAC strength. ^[1] The design parameters include recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentage, profile steel ratio, slenderness ratio and RAC strength. ^[2] The design parameters of these columns were recycled coarse aggregate (RA) replacement percentage, diameter–thickness ratio of circular steel tube, profile steel ratio, eccentricity, RAC strength grade, slenderness ratio and section form of profile steel. ^[3]

% 30 %

The main parameters varied in this study are recycled coarse aggregate replacement percentages (0%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100%), expansive agent dosages (0%, 8%, and 15%) and an eccentric distance of compressive load from the center of the column (0 and 40 mm). ^[1] Five grades of replacement ratio of recycled coarse aggregate (0%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 100%) and four groups of stress ratio (−0. ^[2]

% 50 %

Three beams subjected to long-term loading and chloride attacks, with various recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratios of 0%, 50% and 100% respectively, were designed to investigate the effects of the RCA replacement ratio on the flexural behavior and durability properties. ^[1] Three levels of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratios (0%, 50% and 100%) and two axial load ratios (0. ^[2]

20 % 30

The main focus of this work is to find out the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete of grade G40 when natural coarse aggregate(NCA) is replaced by recycled coarse aggregate in various proportions such as 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%,40% and 50% and also to compare the results of geopolymer concrete made with recycled coarse aggregates(RAGPC) with geopolymer concrete of natural coarse aggregate(GPC) and controlled concrete manufactured with recycled aggregates(RAC) and controlled concrete of natural coarse aggregates(CC) of respective grade. ^[1] A total of five mixes with replacement o f coarse aggregate with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% recycled coarse aggregate water studied. ^[2]

recycled concrete two

In this experiment, a full-scale model of recycled concrete two-way laminated slab with a 30% replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate was used. ^[1] In order to study the deflection calculation method of recycled concrete two-way slab under concentrated load, a full-scale model of recycled concrete two-way slab was designed, and the replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate was 30%. ^[2]

steel fiber reinforced

This paper attempts to explore the effects of recycled coarse aggregate content, steel fiber content, and concrete strength on the axial compressive behavior of steel fiber-reinforced recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) concrete-filled circular steel stub columns. ^[1] This study deals with using a neural network in generalized Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) type successfully to model and predict the standard cube strength of SFRRCAC (steel fiber reinforced recycled coarse aggregate concrete) based on the data obtained experimentally through point-load test (PLT) and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) approaches. ^[2]

cylinder compressive strength

The results showed that with the increase of the replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate, the cylinder compressive strength, peak strain and elastic modulus of RAC were decreased; PVC pipe confinement could significantly improve the cylinder compressive strength, peak strain and elastic modulus of RAC; the CFRP could further improve the cylinder compressive strength and elastic modulus of PVC-RAC to a certain extent, and could significantly enhance the peak strain of PVC-RAC. ^[1]

0 % 30

The compressive stress-strain relationship was investigated through existing published data for different recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) with replacement percentages of 0%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 100%. ^[1]

axial compression ratio

In order to promote the application of recycled concrete in structural members, the effect of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratio and inner steel on seismic performance of high-strength recycled concrete columns under high axial compression ratio was investigated. ^[1]

Different Recycled Coarse

Fractal characteristics and multifractal spectra were used to analyse the mesocrack characteristics of RAC with different recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement rates. ^[1] A total of 17 specimens on the composite columns with different recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentage, RAC strength, width to thickness ratio of square steel tube, profile steel ratio, eccentricity and slenderness ratio were subjected to eccentric compression tests. ^[2] For this purpose, three series of HFRRAC were designed with different recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratios and hybrid fibers with different combinations at the total volume fraction of 1. ^[3] The compressive stress-strain relationship was investigated through existing published data for different recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) with replacement percentages of 0%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 100%. ^[4] Three point bending fracture tests of recycled aggregate concrete beams with different recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratio (0%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 100%) have been carried out, with results analyzed by digital image correlation (DIC) method and the traditional electrometric method. ^[5] Both the compressive test and EMI test utilizing the embedded piezoelectric smart aggregate (SA) transducers were conducted on the specimens with different recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratios and loading ages. ^[6] To investigate the seismic performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) members in a freeze-thaw environment, the seismic fragility analysis of RAC bridge columns with different recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratios subjected to freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) was performed by the cloud analysis method. ^[7] The fracture behavior of pre-cracked three-point bending specimens with different recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratios was studied. ^[8] A total of five groups of RAC specimens with different recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentages of 0, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively, are tested under both monotonic loading and cyclic loading. ^[9] This paper presents the results of short span concrete-filled fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes filled with different recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratios. ^[10]

Containing Recycled Coarse

This paper aimed at assessing the in-situ strength of steel fibre reinforced concrete containing recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) using the correlation between ultrasonic and point load tests. ^[1] A new formulation to estimate the elastic modulus of concrete containing recycled coarse aggregate is proposed in this work using artificial neural networks (ANN) and nonlinear regression. ^[2] The aim of this research was investigation the effect of sodium hydroxide (SH) concentration and the ratio of sodium silicate (SS) to sodium hydroxide (SS/SH) on the fresh and hardened characteristics of fly ash (FA) related self-compacting geopolymer concretes (SCGC) containing recycled coarse aggregate (RCA). ^[3] This study aim to examine the effects of sodium hydroxide (SH) molarity and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3)/ sodium hydroxide (SS/SH) ration the fresh properties of SCGC mixtures containing recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) Mixes were prepared with three different molarity (8M, 10M and 12M) of) and four SS/SH ratios (1. ^[4] This paper presents a study regarding the durability of concrete containing Recycled Coarse Aggregate (RCA) from the largest civil construction waste plant in Latin America, CTR Grajau, located in Sao Paulo, Brazil. ^[5] High-strength concrete (HSC) containing recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), as a partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate, is tested in this paper to have information on RCA concrete behavior at high temperature. ^[6]

Variou Recycled Coarse

Three beams subjected to long-term loading and chloride attacks, with various recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratios of 0%, 50% and 100% respectively, were designed to investigate the effects of the RCA replacement ratio on the flexural behavior and durability properties. ^[1] In order to study the dynamic behaviour and energy dissipation of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) beams under impact, four groups of reinforced RAC simply supported beams with various recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentages are designed and tested under drop weight impact at the mid-span of beams and corresponding another four groups of beam specimens under static loading. ^[2]

Reinforced Recycled Coarse

This study deals with using a neural network in generalized Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) type successfully to model and predict the standard cube strength of SFRRCAC (steel fiber reinforced recycled coarse aggregate concrete) based on the data obtained experimentally through point-load test (PLT) and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) approaches. ^[1] Steel fiber reinforced recycled coarse aggregate concrete (SFRCAC) is an impact minimisation building material. ^[2]

Using Recycled Coarse

Using recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) in construction reduces the negative environmental impacts that are associated with new concrete production. ^[1] Using recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) to replace natural pebbles and using lithium slag (LS) from industrial waste to replace cement in order to improve the mechanical properties of concrete and solve environmental problems. ^[2]

Quality Recycled Coarse

This study applied a heating and grinding method of waste concrete to obtain higher quality recycled coarse aggregate. ^[1] This study aims to investigate the bond behavior of deformed rebar in 100% recycled structural concrete produced from quality recycled coarse and fine aggregates while varying the embedment length from 200 mm to 300 mm. ^[2]

recycled coarse aggregate

In this paper, an overview focusing on the bond behavior of recycled coarse aggregate concrete (RAC) with steel bar is carried out. ^[1] Bituminous mixes prepared using recycled coarse aggregate exhibit inferior characteristics compared to a control mix using natural stone aggregate. ^[2] The utilization of recycled coarse aggregates (RCAs) obtained from construction & demolition wastes in concrete material has been a feasible sustainable development strategy. ^[3] Seven mixes of concrete were casted using normal and recycled coarse aggregate and tested with different RCA replacement percentages of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 50% and 75% respectively. ^[4] Based on the proposed material model, through the finite element method, the influences of the strain rate and the recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratio on the structural behaviors and. ^[5] In this study, it is aimed to investigate the influence of axial compressive stress on the carbonation resistance of recycled coarse aggregate concrete (RAC). ^[6] ABSTRACT The objective of the current research is to study the resistance of cone (prepared from recycled coarse aggregate (RAC) and sand with the fractional substitution of cement by mineral slag) to freezing-thawing cycles. ^[7] In this experiment, a full-scale model of recycled concrete two-way laminated slab with a 30% replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate was used.