Introduction to Rate Enhancement

What is/are Rate Enhancement?

Rate Enhancement - In both cases, we find that our speed limit tightly constrains the rate enhancement. ^[1] Moreover, taking advantage of time-variant systems, the proposed rising-edge method enables further data-rate enhancement with respect to the traditional time-over-threshold technique by reading the data from the rising edge of the analog output waveform. ^[2] The rate enhancement is understood to originate from the a-effect of oxygen on nitrogen in hydroxylamine, which enhances the nucleophilicity of the nitrogen and results in its more effective conjugate addition to the enone to form an advanced and, thus, reactive enolate to participate in the aldol process. ^[3] These highly resolved analysis demonstrate enhancement of electrical field in nanocone surfaces and favors the GaP nanocone surfaces for using in surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates and other applications using the nanoscale electromagnetic wave amplification. ^[4] We demonstrate enhancement (suppression) of the trapping effect in the case of counter-rotating (co-rotating) null geodesics due to the behavior of the effective potentials and escape cones of the null geodesics in the linearised Hartle–Thorne–Tolman VII spacetimes. ^[5] Kinetic studies using a variety of substrates with activated O-H bonds, revealed that [MnIII(OH)(PaPy2N)]+ is far more reactive than [MnIII(OH)(PaPy2Q)]+, with rate enhancements of 15-100-fold. ^[6] 6 The authors here demonstrate enhancement of 10 Hz neural oscillations in midline posterior electrodes. ^[7] Compared to the Au-free sample, optical measurements demonstrate a moderate enhancement of local optical power density. ^[8] Previous studies that have focused on the largest flares have shown that even these extreme cases generate enhancements in Ly $\upalpha $ of only a few percent above the background. ^[9] However, after treatment of onion extract moderate enhancement in growth observed in falooda and garden cress seeds. ^[10] It can be found from the study that the experimental heat transfer coefficient showed highest enhancement with high level of nanoparticle volume fraction and moderate enhancement with high level of heat input and slight enhancement with base fluid concentration. ^[11] For radiological imaging, the majority of tumors demonstrated soft tissue density with mild-to-moderate enhancement on CT imaging and showed hypoecho with moderate blood flow signals in ultrasound. ^[12] Rate enhancements of 106 and 105-fold in relation to neutral hydrolysis of DEDNPP and Paraoxon were observed, respectively, consistent with alpha-nucleophiles reactivity. ^[13] 2%)showed moderate enhancement,and all the lesions manifested angiogram sign. ^[14] Aim: Demonstrate enhancement of PA signals from myocardial tissue compared to surrounding tissues and blood inside the left-ventricular (LV) chamber using spatiotemporal SVD processing with electrocardiogram (ECG) and respiratory signal (ECG-R) gated in vivo murine cardiac PAI. ^[15] However, only moderate enhancement has been demonstrated to date. ^[16]

Dissolution Rate Enhancement

After comparing the predicted and measured dissolution rate enhancement of the CC and CA systems, this paper attempts to explain the dissolution rate characteristics of the BDDSs. ^[1] The sorption of poorly aqueous soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) to mesoporous silica carriers is an increasingly common formulation strategy for dissolution rate enhancement for this challenging group of substances. ^[2] Herein, the study describes formulation of curcumin-loaded mixed micelles of Gelucire® 48/16 and TPGS for its dissolution rate enhancement. ^[3] This study investigated the challenges of developing ternary components based on solid SNEDDS of CPD for in vitro dissolution rate enhancement and self-solidifying behaviour. ^[4] In this study, high-pressure homogenization (HPH) and high-power ultrasound were used to prepare nano-sized cocrystals of 4-aminosalysilic acid and sulfamethazine in order to establish differences between the two methods in terms of cocrystal size, morphology, polymorphic form, and dissolution rate enhancement. ^[5] The co-amorphous TLM-AA blends were prepared by freeze-drying and investigated for solid-state characteristics like the dissolution rate enhancement of TLM. ^[6] METHODS This paper deals with the development of a new technological approach for Gly dissolution rate enhancement. ^[7]

Reaction Rate Enhancement

However, the demand of reaction rate enhancement needs to be accompanied by a high selectivity of the desired target compound. ^[1] Despite the technological advances, some fundamental questions remain on the mechanism of plasmon-driven catalytic processes and efforts are currently devoted to the understanding of the contributions to reaction rate enhancement of both hot charges and local temperature increases6. ^[2] Simulations of the reaction kinetics show that reactants desorb from the surface during the fast, high temperature pulses and that the reaction rate enhancement takes place mainly during the relatively slow re-population of the catalyst surface after the temperature pulse. ^[3] In plasmon-mediated photocatalysis it is of critical importance to differentiate light-induced catalytic reaction rate enhancement channels, which include near-field effects, direct hot carrier injection, and photothermal catalyst heating. ^[4] Increasing the total acetic acid + acetate concentration encourages a higher average X65 corrosion rate and longer-sustained hydrogen charging flux, assigned to the cathodic reaction rate enhancement by acetic acid and the iron solubilizing effects of acetates. ^[5] We believe the majority of the reaction rate enhancement can be attributed to interaction of MP01-Gen4 with the perfluoroaromatic probe, which was found to stabilize a helical conformation of both MP01-Gen4 and nonreactive Cys-to-Ser or Cys-to-Ala variants. ^[6]

Significant Rate Enhancement

As the metallylene ligand is varied from nitrogen to phosphorus to arsenic a significant rate enhancement is observed for the activation of H2 due to (i) a reduced steric (Pauli) repulsion between the metallylene and the substrate; and (ii) less activation strain, as the metallylene becomes increasingly more predistorted. ^[1] This percaudal interaction has been observed in solvolysis experiments with significant rate enhancements over unsubstituted systems, and subsequent isolation of three-membered ring products. ^[2] Numerical results show that deploying two cooperative IRSs with the proposed channel estimation and passive beamforming designs achieves significant rate enhancement as compared to the conventional case of single IRS deployment. ^[3] Significant rate enhancements were observed for Wolff-Kishner reduction of synthesized bile acids oxo derivatives to the 5β-cholanic acid. ^[4] Cu triflate is an excellent catalyst for this transformation as significant rate enhancements are observed when compared to Cu I halides or Cu triflate. ^[5] F– activates the nitrilimine, not CO2 as proposed in the literature, and imparts a significant rate enhancement for the cycloaddition. ^[6]

Observed Rate Enhancement

Thus, the observed rate enhancement with temperature was attributed to the enthalpic contribution, and this understanding is helpful to the comprehension of enzymatic behavior in hydrolysis reaction. ^[1] Thus, the observed rate enhancement with temperature was attributed to the enthalpic contribution, and this understanding is helpful to the comprehension of enzymatic behavior on hydrolysis reaction. ^[2] Observed rate enhancements herein, are analyzed by Zucker-Hammett, Bunnett, and Bunnett-Olsen criteria of acidity functions. ^[3] This mechanistic model is in line with observed rate enhancement at higher dilutions that decreases the formation of an off-cycle intermediate. ^[4]

Transfer Rate Enhancement

This investigation reveals that (a) reaction rate parameter and temperature difference parameter are helpful to ameliorate the mass transfer rate (b) concentration enhances for higher estimation of activation energy variable (c) increasing the volume fraction of nanoparticles reflects an escalation in temperature (d) heat transfer rate enhancement is recognized for the influence of heat transfer Biot number. ^[1] Closed form expressions have been derived for energy transfer rate enhancement factor (η\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\eta$$\end{document}), donor decay rate (γD\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\gamma }_{D}$$\end{document}), FRET rate (γFRET\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\gamma }_{FRET}$$\end{document}), and FRET efficiency (γ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\gamma$$\end{document}). ^[2] This can be explained by the charge transfer rate enhancement due to the control of energy level alignment of QDs. ^[3]

Decay Rate Enhancement

According to the results, the hollow nanocuboid design has a higher potential to increase the magnetic dipole decay rate enhancement in comparison to the previously reported structures and it can be used as a nano light-source in photonic integrated circuits, all-optical processors, and wideband optical communication networks. ^[1] Finally, the dual-band magnetic dipole decay rate enhancement properties and the dependence on the geometrical parameters are investigated. ^[2] In this paper we introduce a new light emitting device where phosphorescent emitters are intentionally coupled to the surface plasmon mode of a nearby metal electrode for decay rate enhancement. ^[3]

Growth Rate Enhancement

Butt-joint regrowth is widely used in photonic integration, but it has been challenging to break the density-quality tradeoff due to the edge growth rate enhancement (GRE) effect. ^[1] In a last section, the dependency of the transition between the different regimes as well as the crack growth rate enhancement in the highly-accelerated regime with respect to the hydrogen gas pressure and loading frequency is analyzed. ^[2] Ni ions induce growth rate enhancement and the increase of crystallite size, whereas Co and Mn ions slow down the growth rate and caused the decrease of the corresponding crystallite size. ^[3]

Slew Rate Enhancement

An improved clocked comparator with a dynamic latch, based on a switched capacitor network, using the current reuse technique for slew rate enhancement and positive feedback for offset voltage compensation, is presented. ^[1] In addition, a slew rate enhancement circuit is applied to reduce the voltage undershoot during sharp load current transitions down to 200mV at 100pF. ^[2] A new slew rate enhancement structure is also proposed, which can effectively increase the output swing. ^[3]

Absorption Rate Enhancement

Convex formulations can be used to reduce the local specific absorption rate enhancement by active medical implants of radiofrequency fields in magnetic resonance examinations while minimizing the loss of image quality. ^[1] The results tend to show a significant absorption rate enhancement for higher ultrasonic power. ^[2] The absorption rate enhancements were 25% and 96%, the enhancement rates of mass transfer coefficient recorded were 20% and 82%, the heat transfer rate enhancements were 85% and 183%, and the heat transfer coefficient enhancements obtained were 72% and 156% with addition of alumina nanoparticles only and alumina nanoparticles with heat transfer additives respectively. ^[3]

Datum Rate Enhancement

In this paper, we propose a novel design of data rate enhancement for IEEE 802. ^[1] This, in terms of the modulation perspective, limits its data rate enhancement ability to respond to the growing demand of time-critical applications. ^[2]

Burning Rate Enhancement

The burning rate enhancement coefficients ranged from 0. ^[1] In this paper, to study the propagation behavior and the burning rate enhancement of Al/CuO nano-thermite in confined burn tubes, modification of the component was achieved by introducing energetic binder nitrocellulose (NC). ^[2]

Melting Rate Enhancement

In the present investigation Melting rate enhancement of phase change materials in three sides adiabatic and one side isothermal rectangular enclosure by using inclinations of fins has been conducted. ^[1] Increasing the thickness of the configuration deteriorates cost performance, but the excessive reduction on the thickness conversely restricts the melting rate enhancement when increasing the filling angle. ^[2]

Frame Rate Enhancement

Moreover, the proposed TS-SS readout scheme is verified for a frame rate enhancement, that is, the efficiency increases as the bit depth of the ADC increases. ^[1] As an effective means of video conversion, frame rate enhancement technology has become a research hotspot in the direction of computer vision. ^[2]

rate enhancement factor

The sample obtained at 600 °C exhibited 50 times higher substrate enhancement factor (SEF) than the one obtained at 400 °C, suggesting that the calcination temperature was a determining parameter to enhance SERS activity in current synthetic condition. ^[1] Closed form expressions have been derived for energy transfer rate enhancement factor (η\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\eta$$\end{document}), donor decay rate (γD\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\gamma }_{D}$$\end{document}), FRET rate (γFRET\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\gamma }_{FRET}$$\end{document}), and FRET efficiency (γ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\gamma$$\end{document}). ^[2] As a result, remarkable SERS performance with a substrate enhancement factor of 1. ^[3] We performed high-order moments analysis of the temperature fluctuations for moderate enhancement factors and find similar flow structure in the convective envelope and the penetration region, independently of the enhancement factor. ^[4] For a moderate enhancement factor, a higher density of interdependency groups can always correspond to a higher cooperative level. ^[5]

rate enhancement coefficient

The burning rate enhancement coefficients ranged from 0. ^[1] Finally, the constitutive models parameters for the commonly used Cowper-Symonds and Johnson-Cook models were identified by curve-fitted method, and the corresponding material strain rate enhancement coefficient was also revised. ^[2]

rate enhancement structure

With the support of sub-amplifier and slew-rate enhancement structure, the effectiveness of proposed amplifier has been verified in a 0. ^[1] A new slew rate enhancement structure is also proposed, which can effectively increase the output swing. ^[2]