Introduction to Outlet Water

What is/are Outlet Water?

Outlet Water - We determined 19 variables (chemical, physical, and biological) every 3 months at the inlet (Paranapanema River) and outlet water of the Piraju Reservoir. ^[1] These results and the monitoring of arsenic speciation in the inlet and the outlet water, provide evidences that As(III) oxidized in the pilot. ^[2] Particle characterization in road runoff and outlet waters revealed that this degraded performance was due to poor filtration rather than particle erosion, which was attributed to the relative abundance of small (<10 μm) particles during this period, along with possible preferential flows. ^[3] Where the average temperature of the receiver was 172 °C before water flow, 68 °C for outlet water from the spiral coil at flow rate 1. ^[4] Results show that the average temperature of the outlet water from the ground can reach 33. ^[5] The declined CO2 concentration in the outlet water was 1. ^[6] It experimentally investigates the distance between pumping and injection screens (DPI), initial aquifer temperature, flow rate of the outlet water, and load capacity variations. ^[7] The heat-transfer process is simulated by analyzing the difference in temperature between inlet and outlet water of the heat absorber pipes. ^[8] An analytical expression for storage water, outlet water from the PVT collector, and solar cell temperatures has been derived as a function of climatic and design parameters. ^[9] Outlet water from magnification basins does not show any pollution of the aquatic environment. ^[10] Variations in oxadiazon concentrations were studied over time in topsoil, paddy water, inlet water and outlet water. ^[11] The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the height of the incoming water and the diameter of the outlet pipe on the height of the outlet water at the hydram pump. ^[12] The average errors of Onda's mass transfer correlations and Billet & Schultes's liquid holdup correlations in estimating CO2 absorption (%), temperature of rich solvent's temperature, temperature of outlet water's temperature and loading of rich solvent's loading were are 1. ^[13] : The aim of the present study was to establish the extent to which the outlet waters of trout farms affect the ecosystems of the Crnica and Skrapež rivers in Serbia. ^[14] Water was passed through copper tubes embedded in the compost-filled barrels and the temperatures of the compost and the inlet and outlet water were monitored. ^[15] The results show that, regardless of the scenario under consideration, cconfiguration 1(the outlet water of the cooling system in METVC has been used for the feed water of the RO system) has the minimum energy consumption as well as maximum exergy efficiency. ^[16] Similarity analysis of microbial community composition of inlet water (IW), biofilms and outlet water (OW) showed that the composition of microbial community in OW was more similar to that in biofilms than in IW. ^[17] The surface area of the inlet/outlet water is wider than the surface area of the inlet/air outlet. ^[18]

mass flow rate

Operating parameters including the dry bulb temperature, humidity ratio of the air stream at the inlet of the tower, the temperature of the inlet water, water-air mass flow rate ratio were considered as the model inputs to predict the outlet water temperature. ^[1] 2 was used to predict the outlet water temperature and surface temperature of PVT model based numerical simulations, were irradiation levels of 600, 800, and 1000 W/m2 with the mass flow rate at 2, 4, and 5 LPM and water temperature inlet 26 °C. ^[2] In the absence of wind, the changes of air mass flow rate, heat rejection, outlet water temperature and back pressure are all no more than 0. ^[3]

Tower Outlet Water

The tower outlet water temperature t2 was assessed to clarify the effect of air ducts on tower cooling performance. ^[1] Based on the enthalpy difference theory and the characteristics of the mechanical draft cooling tower, a mathematical method of the cooling tower performance is derived to analyze the influence of operating parameters on tower outlet water temperature. ^[2]

Condenser Outlet Water

Tests were carried out in a modified air-source heat pump water heater system, which combined varying values of the climate chamber temperature as well as the condenser outlet water temperature, together with being without/with the adoption of an internal heat exchanger (IHX). ^[1] For 30 °C evaporator inlet water temperature and 60 °C condenser outlet water temperature, the COP improvements of the two-compressor parallel system and two-cycle parallel system are 7. ^[2]

outlet water temperature

Operating parameters including the dry bulb temperature, humidity ratio of the air stream at the inlet of the tower, the temperature of the inlet water, water-air mass flow rate ratio were considered as the model inputs to predict the outlet water temperature. ^[1] This optimal control strategy searches for the optimal settings of the outlet water temperature after heat exchangers and the required operating number of heat exchangers and pumps in order to minimize the total energy consumption of pumps under various working conditions. ^[2] The tower outlet water temperature t2 was assessed to clarify the effect of air ducts on tower cooling performance. ^[3] The storage efficiency and the outlet water temperature were predicted to evaluate the storage system performance for different charging flow rates and different numbers of families demands. ^[4] 89% at most, respectively; the outlet water temperature decreases by approximately 0. ^[5] A series of in situ thermal performance tests were carried out by controlling cycle heating, in which the inlet and outlet water temperatures, flow rate, and thermomechanical properties of the energy micro pile were measured. ^[6] Sensitivity analyses of main impact factors were conducted in detail including inlet and outlet water temperature, refrigerant evaporation temperature and superheat degree, pinch temperature difference and isentropic efficiency of compressor. ^[7] Tests were carried out in a modified air-source heat pump water heater system, which combined varying values of the climate chamber temperature as well as the condenser outlet water temperature, together with being without/with the adoption of an internal heat exchanger (IHX). ^[8] The line focusing parabolic trough collectors have been designed, developed and evaluated its performance by collecting solar radiation, inlet and outlet water temperature, flow rate, efficiency etc. ^[9] The performance parameters of solar pond such as outlet water temperature, efficiency of solar pond and effectiveness of in-pond heat exchanger were determined experimentally for two different flow rates of Reynolds numbers 1,746 and 8,729. ^[10] Heat gain reduction of the house-integrated with MASWH become better than reference house about 5-12 WmG and the maximum of outlet water temperature was 52. ^[11] The results of the coupled model are compared with the analytical model in terms of thermal and electrical performances, such as PV cell temperature, electrical efficiency, and outlet water temperature. ^[12] The results are compared with experimental measurements of the outlet water temperature. ^[13] This study simulated a water cooling system pipe section using ANSYS computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by manipulating the cooling water mass inlet flow rate and the pipe wall temperature to identify their significance in influencing the outlet water temperature. ^[14] For 30 °C evaporator inlet water temperature and 60 °C condenser outlet water temperature, the COP improvements of the two-compressor parallel system and two-cycle parallel system are 7. ^[15] Then, the outlet water temperature, cooling capacity, and the exterior wall temperature distribution of the nocturnal cooling radiator for different operation conditions are measured and recorded. ^[16] 2 was used to predict the outlet water temperature and surface temperature of PVT model based numerical simulations, were irradiation levels of 600, 800, and 1000 W/m2 with the mass flow rate at 2, 4, and 5 LPM and water temperature inlet 26 °C. ^[17] The heat transfer coefficient for the cooling channels and the outlet water temperature about the water cooling system are obtained. ^[18] The maximum reduction of outlet water temperature was obtained as 13 o C from the system. ^[19] In addition, for off-design analysis, as the liquid–gas ratio increases, the outlet water temperature and outlet air temperature increase by 14. ^[20] Based on the enthalpy difference theory and the characteristics of the mechanical draft cooling tower, a mathematical method of the cooling tower performance is derived to analyze the influence of operating parameters on tower outlet water temperature. ^[21] Outlet water temperature of the Karkhe Reservoir is calculated using the CE-QUAL-W2 model and the simulated outlet water temperature is thereafter modeled with the library for support vector machines (LIBSVM) data-mining model. ^[22] Modeling results demonstrate that the thermal conductance and specific heat allocations in heat exchanger hot and cold sides could put heavy effects on the total cooling capacity (Qc,all), coefficient of performance (COP), outlet water temperature (Tc,out) and outlet air temperature (Th,out). ^[23] The BERRU-CMS methodology is applied in this Chapter to the model of a mechanical draft cooling tower (MDCT) located at Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) in order to improve the predictions of this model by combining computational information with measurements of outlet air humidity, outlet air and outlet water temperatures. ^[24] In this work, an anti-freezing approach is proposed based on the air flow control by pulling-down adjustment of rolling-type windbreakers, to ensure that the lowest outlet water temperature of each sector in air-cooled heat exchanger is not less than 0 °C. ^[25] Improper set-point reset of the outlet water temperature at the secondary sides of heat exchangers was finally to be determined as the exact fault that caused the deficit flow problem, which is also confirmed by the in situ tests. ^[26] In the absence of wind, the changes of air mass flow rate, heat rejection, outlet water temperature and back pressure are all no more than 0. ^[27] For this reason, the results of both models were compared in terms of the mean surface temperature of the wall panels, the outlet water temperature, and the overall heating and cooling capacity of the panels. ^[28] With the coupled heat transfer models of steam condenser and NDDCS, the cooling performance of air-cooled heat exchanger and the minimum outlet water temperatures of various sectors are obtained at three typical low ambient temperatures, based on which the flue gas spraying strategies for the potential frozen sectors are analyzed. ^[29] It is also shown that the injection of the hot flue gas (with temperature of 130 °C) will increase air intake and the thermal performance of the towers which, in turn, results in the reduction of the outlet water temperature. ^[30] During the discharging process, the outlet water temperature stays close to the phase change temperature for much longer time. ^[31] The following four output parameters were adopted to evaluate the SSHP performance: the outlet water temperature of the water loop, electricity consumption, heat production, and the coefficient of performance. ^[32] During the charging/discharging cycle, it was observed that both the outlet water temperature stability and the half-cycle figure of merit（FOM1/2） in the discharging cycle are much better than that of the charging cycle under the large temperature difference of 2-16°C, while the experimental results are opposite in the temperature of 4-12℃. ^[33] The temperature distribution within the heater, as well as electrical power input, water volume flow, inlet and outlet water temperature, temperature of the surroundings, and thermal well temperature are recorded. ^[34]