Oak Quercus(橡樹櫟)到底是什麼？
Oak Quercus 橡樹櫟 - However, on mount Ostryak, plants are noted under the canopy of sparse broad-leaved forest with a predominance of Mongolian oak Quercus mongolica Fisch. [1] We used a multi-factorial experiment to investigate the influence of warming and tree genotype on the foliar fungal community on the pedunculate oak Quercus robur across one growing season. [2] In this context, we assessed the consequences of longer droughts on the interactions between the holm oak Quercus ilex L. [3] The woody species composition of both Wildernesses differed from ancient woodland, being dominated by animal-dispersed pedunculate oak Quercus robur and berry-bearing shrubs. [4] Here we studied effects of land use changes and introduction of Northern red oak Quercus rubra on lingonberry in mesic Scots pine forests (in central Poland). [5] 300 Holm oak Quercus ilex trees located in central Spain. [6] We measured the efficiency of two forest restoration strategies using the common tropical oak Quercus bambusifolia. [7] Notably, diversifying woodlands of beech Fagus sylvatica or red oak Quercus rubra with pedunculate oak Quercus robur correlated with increased taxonomic community tightness. [8] Although there is an established link between the deer population density and the level of damage caused by browsing, the question remains open: What is the effect of increasing deer density over years on the regeneration of palatable and less browsing-resistant tree species? In this study, we investigated the relationships between the regeneration dynamics of five tree species (European beech Fagus sylvatica, silver fir Abies alba, sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus, hornbeam Carpinus betulus, and oak Quercus spp. [9] Young leaves of the common oak Quercus robur are susceptible to the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe alphitoides that can induce necrosis on the leaf surface. [10] Previously, species of Phytophthora plurivora and Pythium intermedium have been successfully distinguished in germinated acorns of English oak Quercus robur L. [11] In the growing season, it had a higher probability of occurring with an increasing presence of turkey oak Quercus cerrioides woods, but seemed to be partially adapted to the presence of arable lands, which had a marked negative effect only when very abundant. [12] The main aim of this study is to characterize the incidence of main insect groups affecting branches and leaves of an evergreen-oak species (the cork oak Quercus suber) and evaluate which management practices and environmental traits of agroforestry systems affect it. [13] This species (subtype WN-s) inhabits the bottom surface of leaves of the evergreen oak Quercus glauca Thunb. [14] From mid-September to mid-October acorns of Pedunculate Oak Quercus robur with transmitters were mixed with untagged acorns and exhibited on five feeders distributed from each other at a distance of at least 1. [15] Holm oak Quercus ilex dehesas cover large areas in the Mediterranean region, and constitute a paradigm of well preserved low-intensity agro-ecosystem supporting a high number of bird species. [16] The study was conducted at Damak Forest, in Hungary, ecosystem dominated by deciduous broadleaf trees, including the rare Hungarian oak Quercus frainetto Ten. [17] Globally there is increasing concern about the decline in the health of oak Quercus trees. [18] We used a model system comprising the gall wasp Biorhiza pallida and the oak Quercus robur to characterise inducer and host plant gene expression at defined stages through the development of galled and ungalled plant tissues, and tested alternative hypotheses for the origin and type of galling effectors and plant metabolic pathways involved. [19] 4·10−7 substitutions per nucleotide per meter of growth, which is 3 orders of magnitude higher than the corresponding rates in the oak Quercus robur and the fungus Armillaria gallica. [20] Here, the regeneration capabilities of the pruned radicles of intermediate oak Quercus variabilis left by the acorn-eating animals were compared to test the ‘one acorn produce two seedlings’ hypothesis stating that the remnant radicles exhibit the capability to produce normal seedlings owning to their atypical nutritional and anatomical characteristics. [21]然而，在奧斯特里亞克山上，植物被注意到在稀疏的闊葉林樹冠下，主要是蒙古橡樹 Quercus mongolica Fisch。 [1] 我們使用多因素實驗來研究變暖和樹木基因型對有花梗櫟櫟在一個生長季節的葉面真菌群落的影響。 [2] 在這種情況下，我們評估了長期乾旱對聖櫟 Quercus ilex L 之間相互作用的影響。 [3] 兩個荒野的木本物種組成與古代林地不同，以動物散佈的有花梗橡樹櫟櫟和帶漿果的灌木為主。 [4] 在這裡，我們研究了土地利用變化和引入北方紅橡樹 Quercus rubra 對中等蘇格蘭松林（波蘭中部）越橘的影響。 [5] 位於西班牙中部的 300 棵聖櫟櫟櫟樹。 [6] 我們使用常見的熱帶橡樹 Quercus bambusifolia 測量了兩種森林恢復策略的效率。 [7] 值得注意的是，山毛櫸Fagus sylvatica 或紅橡Quercus rubra 與有花梗櫟Quercus robur 的多樣化林地與分類群落緊密度增加相關。 [8] 儘管鹿種群密度與瀏覽造成的損害程度之間存在確定的聯繫，但問題仍然懸而未決：多年來增加鹿密度對可口且不耐瀏覽的樹種的再生有何影響？在這項研究中，我們調查了五種樹種（歐洲山毛櫸 Fagus sylvatica、銀冷杉冷杉、美國梧桐 Acer pseudoplatanus、鵝耳櫪 Carpinus betulus 和橡樹 Quercus spp.）的再生動態之間的關係。 [9] 普通櫟櫟的幼葉易受白粉病菌的影響，白粉病菌可引起葉面壞死。 [10] 此前，已在英國橡樹 Quercus robur L 的發芽橡子中成功區分了 Phytophthora plurivora 和 Pythium intermedium。 [11] 在生長季節，隨著火雞橡木 Quercus cerrioides 木材的存在增加，它發生的可能性更高，但似乎部分適應了耕地的存在，只有在非常豐富時才會產生明顯的負面影響。 [12] 本研究的主要目的是描述影響常綠橡樹物種（軟木櫟 Quercus suber）枝葉的主要昆蟲群落的發生率，並評估農林業系統的哪些管理實踐和環境特徵對其產生影響。 [13] 該物種（亞型 WN-s）棲息在常綠橡樹 Quercus glauca Thunb 的葉子底部表面。 [14] 從 9 月中旬到 10 月中旬，帶有發射器的 Pedunculate Oak Quercus robur 的橡子與未標記的橡子混合併展示在彼此相距至少 1 的五個餵食器上。 [15] 聖櫟 Quercus ilex dehesas 覆蓋了地中海地區的大片地區，構成了保存完好的低強度農業生態系統的範例，支持大量鳥類。 [16] 該研究在匈牙利的達馬克森林進行，該森林以落葉闊葉樹為主，包括稀有的匈牙利橡樹 Quercus frainetto Ten。 [17] 在全球範圍內，人們越來越擔心橡樹櫟樹的健康狀況下降。 [18] 我們使用包含癭蜂 Biorhiza pallida 和橡樹 Quercus robur 的模型系統，通過癭瘤和無癭植物組織的發育，在確定的階段表徵誘導劑和宿主植物基因表達，並測試了關於癭瘤效應器的起源和類型的替代假設和涉及的植物代謝途徑。 [19] 每生長一米，每個核苷酸有 4·10-7 次替換，這比橡樹櫟櫟和真菌蜜環菌的相應速率高 3 個數量級。 [20] 在這裡，比較了吃橡子的動物留下的中間橡樹 Quercus variabilis 的修剪過的胚根的再生能力，以檢驗“一個橡子產生兩個幼苗”的假設，該假說指出，由於它們的非典型性，剩餘的胚根表現出產生正常幼苗的能力營養和解剖學特徵。 [21]
Pedunculate Oak Quercus 有花梗的橡樹櫟
We used a multi-factorial experiment to investigate the influence of warming and tree genotype on the foliar fungal community on the pedunculate oak Quercus robur across one growing season. [1] The woody species composition of both Wildernesses differed from ancient woodland, being dominated by animal-dispersed pedunculate oak Quercus robur and berry-bearing shrubs. [2] From mid-September to mid-October acorns of Pedunculate Oak Quercus robur with transmitters were mixed with untagged acorns and exhibited on five feeders distributed from each other at a distance of at least 1. [3]我們使用多因素實驗來研究變暖和樹木基因型對有花梗櫟櫟在一個生長季節的葉面真菌群落的影響。 [1] 兩個荒野的木本物種組成與古代林地不同，以動物散佈的有花梗橡樹櫟櫟和帶漿果的灌木為主。 [2] 從 9 月中旬到 10 月中旬，帶有發射器的 Pedunculate Oak Quercus robur 的橡子與未標記的橡子混合併展示在彼此相距至少 1 的五個餵食器上。 [3]
Holm Oak Quercus 霍爾姆橡樹櫟
In this context, we assessed the consequences of longer droughts on the interactions between the holm oak Quercus ilex L. [1] 300 Holm oak Quercus ilex trees located in central Spain. [2] Holm oak Quercus ilex dehesas cover large areas in the Mediterranean region, and constitute a paradigm of well preserved low-intensity agro-ecosystem supporting a high number of bird species. [3]在這種情況下，我們評估了長期乾旱對聖櫟 Quercus ilex L 之間相互作用的影響。 [1] 位於西班牙中部的 300 棵聖櫟櫟櫟樹。 [2] 聖櫟 Quercus ilex dehesas 覆蓋了地中海地區的大片地區，構成了保存完好的低強度農業生態系統的範例，支持大量鳥類。 [3]
Red Oak Quercus 紅橡櫟
Here we studied effects of land use changes and introduction of Northern red oak Quercus rubra on lingonberry in mesic Scots pine forests (in central Poland). [1] Notably, diversifying woodlands of beech Fagus sylvatica or red oak Quercus rubra with pedunculate oak Quercus robur correlated with increased taxonomic community tightness. [2]在這裡，我們研究了土地利用變化和引入北方紅橡樹 Quercus rubra 對中等蘇格蘭松林（波蘭中部）越橘的影響。 [1] 值得注意的是，山毛櫸Fagus sylvatica 或紅橡Quercus rubra 與有花梗櫟Quercus robur 的多樣化林地與分類群落緊密度增加相關。 [2]
oak quercus robur 櫟櫟櫟
We used a multi-factorial experiment to investigate the influence of warming and tree genotype on the foliar fungal community on the pedunculate oak Quercus robur across one growing season. [1] The woody species composition of both Wildernesses differed from ancient woodland, being dominated by animal-dispersed pedunculate oak Quercus robur and berry-bearing shrubs. [2] Young leaves of the common oak Quercus robur are susceptible to the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe alphitoides that can induce necrosis on the leaf surface. [3] Previously, species of Phytophthora plurivora and Pythium intermedium have been successfully distinguished in germinated acorns of English oak Quercus robur L. [4] From mid-September to mid-October acorns of Pedunculate Oak Quercus robur with transmitters were mixed with untagged acorns and exhibited on five feeders distributed from each other at a distance of at least 1. [5] We used a model system comprising the gall wasp Biorhiza pallida and the oak Quercus robur to characterise inducer and host plant gene expression at defined stages through the development of galled and ungalled plant tissues, and tested alternative hypotheses for the origin and type of galling effectors and plant metabolic pathways involved. [6] 4·10−7 substitutions per nucleotide per meter of growth, which is 3 orders of magnitude higher than the corresponding rates in the oak Quercus robur and the fungus Armillaria gallica. [7]我們使用多因素實驗來研究變暖和樹木基因型對有花梗櫟櫟在一個生長季節的葉面真菌群落的影響。 [1] 兩個荒野的木本物種組成與古代林地不同，以動物散佈的有花梗橡樹櫟櫟和帶漿果的灌木為主。 [2] 普通櫟櫟的幼葉易受白粉病菌的影響，白粉病菌可引起葉面壞死。 [3] 此前，已在英國橡樹 Quercus robur L 的發芽橡子中成功區分了 Phytophthora plurivora 和 Pythium intermedium。 [4] 從 9 月中旬到 10 月中旬，帶有發射器的 Pedunculate Oak Quercus robur 的橡子與未標記的橡子混合併展示在彼此相距至少 1 的五個餵食器上。 [5] 我們使用包含癭蜂 Biorhiza pallida 和橡樹 Quercus robur 的模型系統，通過癭瘤和無癭植物組織的發育，在確定的階段表徵誘導劑和宿主植物基因表達，並測試了關於癭瘤效應器的起源和類型的替代假設和涉及的植物代謝途徑。 [6] 每生長一米，每個核苷酸有 4·10-7 次替換，這比橡樹櫟櫟和真菌蜜環菌的相應速率高 3 個數量級。 [7]
oak quercus ilex 櫟櫟
In this context, we assessed the consequences of longer droughts on the interactions between the holm oak Quercus ilex L. [1] 300 Holm oak Quercus ilex trees located in central Spain. [2] Holm oak Quercus ilex dehesas cover large areas in the Mediterranean region, and constitute a paradigm of well preserved low-intensity agro-ecosystem supporting a high number of bird species. [3]在這種情況下，我們評估了長期乾旱對聖櫟 Quercus ilex L 之間相互作用的影響。 [1] 位於西班牙中部的 300 棵聖櫟櫟櫟樹。 [2] 聖櫟 Quercus ilex dehesas 覆蓋了地中海地區的大片地區，構成了保存完好的低強度農業生態系統的範例，支持大量鳥類。 [3]
oak quercus rubra 紅櫟櫟
Here we studied effects of land use changes and introduction of Northern red oak Quercus rubra on lingonberry in mesic Scots pine forests (in central Poland). [1] Notably, diversifying woodlands of beech Fagus sylvatica or red oak Quercus rubra with pedunculate oak Quercus robur correlated with increased taxonomic community tightness. [2]在這裡，我們研究了土地利用變化和引入北方紅橡樹 Quercus rubra 對中等蘇格蘭松林（波蘭中部）越橘的影響。 [1] 值得注意的是，山毛櫸Fagus sylvatica 或紅橡Quercus rubra 與有花梗櫟Quercus robur 的多樣化林地與分類群落緊密度增加相關。 [2]