Introduction to Non Equilibrium Thermodynamics

The model is derived using non-equilibrium thermodynamics for heterogeneous systems, the only theory which is able to describe in a systematic manner the coupling of heat, mass, and charge transport.

In a relativistic context, the main purpose of Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics (EIT) is to generalize the principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics to the domain of fluid dynamics.

Based on the theories of electrochemistry and non-equilibrium thermodynamics, mathematical expressions of power outputs and efficiencies of alkali metal thermal electric converter, two-stage thermoelectric generator and hybrid system are derived by taking the main irreversible losses into account.

Applying simultaneously the methodology of non-equilibrium thermodynamics with internal variables (NET-IV) and the framework of General Equation for the Non-Equilibrium Reversible–Irreversible Coupling (GENERIC), we demonstrate that, in heat conduction theories, entropy current multipliers can be interpreted as relaxed state variables.

In this paper, an irreversible thermionic refrigerator model based on van der Waals heterostructure with various irreversibilities is established by utilizing combination of non-equilibrium thermodynamics and finite time thermodynamics.

By AdS/CFT, we discuss some possible implications of our results of local Hawking temperature for the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of dual conformal field theory.

Finally, perspectives were discussed based on the linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics.

Most biological processes are driven by non-equilibrium thermodynamics, but despite significant progress in theoretical ecology the constraints this places on ecosystem dynamics has been barely considered.

The plastic interface constitutive relations are then developed using non-equilibrium thermodynamics, based on the energy dissipations caused by the pile-soil interface’s shear-induced slipping behavior.

The model is therefore fully consistent with both equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics.

We present mathematical models that describe the surface reaction, role of polydispersity and heterogeneous morphology in determining reactive surface area evolution, and briefly inform the readers about the non-equilibrium thermodynamics approach for modelling coupled processes.

Here we show that negative absolute temperatures are consistent with equilibrium as well as with non-equilibrium thermodynamics.

We construct a generally-covariant formulation of non-equilibrium thermodynamics in General Relativity.

We present a new mechanistic understanding and quantification of thermo-osmosis at nanometric/sub-nanometric length scales and link the outcomes with the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of the phenomenon.

A Hamiltonian model for a bipartite system is introduced to analyze the important role of interaction between bipartite subsystems in quantum non-equilibrium thermodynamics.

In the present paper, the frameworks of Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics (EIT) and Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics with Internal Variables (NET-IV) are discussed and compared to each other on the basis of a particular problem of rarefied gases.

There are numerous approaches in the literature, here we apply non-equilibrium thermodynamics with internal variables.

The model couples diffusion, convection and electromigration with competitive surface adsorption reaction kinetics, consistently derived from non-equilibrium thermodynamics.

The non-equilibrium thermodynamics and the photochemical reaction mechanisms are described which may have been involved in the dissipative structuring, proliferation and complexation of the fundamental molecules of life from simpler and more common precursors under the UVC photon flux prevalent at the Earth’s surface at the origin of life.

Using a non-equilibrium thermodynamics-based theory of chemical kinetics, it is shown how to introduce autocatalytic step into such (conservative) rate equation properly.

Ehrenfest urns with interaction that are connected in a ring is considered as a paradigm model for non-equilibrium thermodynamics and is shown to exhibit two distinct non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) of uniform and non-uniform particle distributions.

Here we develop a two-temperature model to describe the non-Fourier regime from the principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics.

In particular, we show that the extended Friedman equations can be derived either from equilibrium thermodynamics when the nonmatter energy momentum tensor is interpreted as a fluid or from non-equilibrium thermodynamics when an entropy production term, which depends on the time-varying Newton constant, is included.

The other one uses internal variables in the framework of non-equilibrium thermodynamics.

The non-equilibrium thermodynamics models are applied for the calculation of the compositional gradients under the varying temperature.

The analysis of symplectitic development is best studied through a combination of the maximum rate of energy dissipation and non-equilibrium thermodynamics.

We also used non-equilibrium thermodynamics to theoretically derive constitutive equations to support our experimental observations.

We provide a full analysis of the stochastic non-equilibrium thermodynamics of these models, identifying the relevant thermodynamic potentials, characterizing the different contributions to the irreversible entropy production, and obtaining different fluctuation theorems.

Extending the framework of non-equilibrium thermodynamics to open systems, the balance laws for continuum solid bodies undergoing growth phenomena incorporating mass sources and mass fluxes in the presence of electromechanical stimuli are expressed.

We herein introduce a continuum model to predict the rheological behavior of shear-thickening polymer solutions using non-equilibrium thermodynamics that guarantees, by construction, consistency with the laws of thermodynamics as extended to handle non-equilibrium systems.

The model uses general material transport equations for binary non-isothermal liquid systems, derived using non-equilibrium thermodynamics in our previous work.

Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics defines a set of phenomenological coefficients to describe entropy production by means of thermodynamic fluxes.

The GEC is the sole theorem governing the temporal behavior of the entropy production in non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and we find no evidence for supporting a "principle" of maximum entropy production.

In this paper, the transport of sub-cooled water across a partially frozen soil matrix (frozen fringe) caused by a temperature difference over the fringe, is described using non-equilibrium thermodynamics.

We employ non-equilibrium thermodynamics for evaluating the free energy of solid and liquid phases at a given temperature and reversible scaling for computing free energies over a wide range of temperatures, including the direct integration of PT coexistence lines.

I describe the non-equilibrium thermodynamics and the photochemical mechanisms which may have been involved in the dissipative synthesis, proliferation, and evolution of the fundamental molecules at the origin of life from simpler and more common precursor molecules such as HCN, H2O and CO2 under the impressed UVC photon flux of the Archean.

To effectively model the supercritical regime, the employed formulation includes the compressible form of the governing equations, the cubic Peng–Robinson equation of state and a generalized formulation for heat and mass flux vectors derived from non-equilibrium thermodynamics and fluctuation theory.

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics has long been an area of substantial interest to ecologists because most fundamental biological processes, such as protein synthesis and respiration, are inherently energy-consuming processes.

This paper develops a non-equilibrium thermodynamics approach to oncogenesis, with a particular focus on ‘symmetry breaking’.

Here, we test this idea using a theoretical model based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics.

We here focus on non-equilibrium thermodynamics of a two-level system and explore, in addition to the conventional approach, two definitions motivated by either classical work or heat, in which the driving Hamiltonian or the trajectory itself are respectively used to set up a reference basis.

In non-equilibrium thermodynamics, Extended irreversible thermodynamics (EIT), together with classical irreversible thermodynamics (CIT) and rational thermodynamics (RT) has been among the mainstream ofresearch.

A model equation for multicomponent ionic diffusion was derived within the framework of non-equilibrium thermodynamics by de Groot and Mazur.

This paper discusses the extremisation of the entropy production in fluidic networks to gain insight into using non-equilibrium thermodynamics for mathematically formulating thermal engineering transfer phenomena.

Further evolution of technologies in material sciences, hardware and software demands reproduction of self-organization as a manifestation of non-equilibrium thermodynamics principles in new artificial environment.

The proposed model is developed by combining the phenomenological method and the new entropy production derived based on the non-equilibrium thermodynamics.

The non-equilibrium thermodynamics of the problem, including Soret and Dufour effects and local thermal non-equilibrium in the porous medium, are considered.

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics theory is used to analyze the transmembrane heat and moisture transfer process, which can be observed in a membrane-type total heat exchanger (THX).

We, therefore, use the non-equilibrium thermodynamics along with continuum mechanics to derive a thermodynamically consistent formulation for the constitutive equations of mechanical, hydraulic and sorption processes in gas sorbing media considering the time dependency of the involved coupling processes.

The model is developed using non-equilibrium thermodynamics to guarantee thermodynamic admissibility.

After an introduction to the balance laws for continuous media, we discuss the field of the classical irreversible thermodynamics (CIT) and the role of the local-equilibrium postulate within this branch of non equilibrium thermodynamics.

These values allow to calculate the proper functions of non equilibrium thermodynamics with internal variables.