Introduction to Modern Climate

Additionally, model intercomparisons show a large spread in the magnitude of Arctic warming for these warmer-than-modern climates.

Influence of the modern climate “agenda“ in basic countries of the world on the development of coal mining shown.

Modern climate is cooler and drier than that of the Middle Holocene and resembles that of the Early Holocene and the period after the last glacial maximum.

5 °C cooler summers, respectively, assuming ∼25% less annual precipitation, relative to modern climate.

While the turbulent latent heat flux has a sizable contribution to the surface mass balance uncertainty in central Greenland today, it dominates over the entire ice sheet during the cold climate of the LGM, in spite of its low impact on the overall surface mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet in the modern climate.

The isotope model reproduces the observed pattern of meteoric δ18O in the modern climate, and allows us to evaluate the relative importance of different processes for the temporal correlation between δ18O and temperature at high latitudes.

The plasma membrane proteins identified here present keys to an understanding of cold tolerance in monocot crops and the hope of addressing economic losses associated with modern climate-mediated increases in frost events.

The Southern Westerly Winds (SWW) are a symmetric component of the global climate system that govern the modern climate of all Southern Hemisphere landmasses south of ~30°S.

Relevance: Over the last century, the modern climate is characterized by an average annual increase in global air temperature.

<div> <p>The zonal-annual mean inter-hemispheric convergence zone (ITCZ) is located in the northern hemisphere in the modern climate.

Using a transient simulation of the global climate over the last 22,000 years as well as reanalysis data of the modern climate, we have shown that tropical precipitation has different characteristics over land and ocean grids.

A defining feature of Earth’s modern climate is that the deep tropics are wet and rainy (Hartmann, 2016), where precipitation exceeds evaporation and there is moisture flux convergence by the large-scale circulation.

Results show that NESM3 reasonably simulates the modern climate and the major internal modes of climate variability.

The variation suggests MAP may not capture the true erosional efficiency of the modern climate in some locations, but may in others, explaining the discrepancy of conclusions in previous studies.

sondaicus possibly reflect no or little seasonal variation with high annual precipitation due to a major influence of both Southwest and Northeast monsoons in the region, similar to the modern climate.

The Eocene-Oligocene Transition is a key interval in the evolution of the modern climate, representing the last greenhouse-icehouse transition faced by the Earth.

This upgrade enabled also to carry–out modern climate and space weather studies.

The results of simulation of extreme weather indices of modern climate by two versions of the INM RAS climate model (INMCM4, INMCM5) are considered.

We find that the effects of Quaternary paleoclimatic change are strongest in the Afrotropics, with communities in the Indomalayan realm showing mixed effects of modern climate and paleoclimate.

Previous studies indicate that species endemism is related to both past and modern climate, but studies of phylogenetic endemism are relatively rare and mainly focused on smaller regions.

Four major types of SLP fields accompanying high wind speed were revealed for the modern climate.

It corresponds to the modern climate of "Csa"-type according to the Koppen-Geiger classification (Mediterranean) or subtropical climate of the western coasts of the continents according to the Alisov classification.

We utilized the modern climate-analogue approach to explain the potential synoptic climatological processes associated with regional fire.

In summary, these components can be summarized in the following terms: (a) the geological lithostructure is of sedimentary and volcanic nature (Parana Basin) and was formed during the Phanerozoic; (b) they are common morphologies of inclined concordant structures and slopes of the cuesta type, whose reversals are designated as plateaus; (c) the modern climate was established during the Upper Holocene and is eminently subtropical humid, and the four seasons of the year are well marked by variations in temperature and a reduction in humidity during autumn and winter; (d) alternating climatic regimes between wet and dry were dominant from the Paleogene to the Middle Pleistocene, whereas from the late Pleistocene to the Middle Holocene, dry conditions prevailed; (e) the vegetation that gives its name to this landscape is a Mixed Ombrophilous Forest with Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.

Here, the authors reconstruct the phylogeny of lacertid lizards and investigate how the evolution of this clade has varied with paleoclimates and how closely adapted extant species are to modern climates.

Turbulent latent heat flux has a sizable contribution to the surface mass balance uncertainty in central Greenland today and over the entire ice sheet during the cold climate of the LGM, in spite of its low impact on the overall surface mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet in modern climate.

A succession of 19 paleosols of 5 pedotypes were recognized in the 19 m thick section, with shallow calcareous nodule (Bk) horizons as evidence of mean annual precipitation ranges from 100 to 400 mm, and mean annual range of precipitation of 50 mm, very similar to the modern climate of Alcoota (296 mm precipitation with 56 mm difference between wet and dry month).

Warm and humid (‘interglacial’) phases would have been wetter and slightly warmer than the modern climate.

Data on modern climate and environmental changes in Eastern Siberia are compared with the public perception of such changes through cognitive indicators.

The results show that patterns of climate change in Tengchong during the Last Glaciation were different from those in eastern China, and suggest that, compared with modern climates, SW China was cool and semi-humid during MIS 4, cold and semi-humid in the early and middle stages of MIS 3, and cool and humid in the late stage of MIS 3.