Introduction to Investment Climate

There are two categories for considering government influence on investments in the digital economy – the investment climate and the country’s investment policy.

There is also a deficiency in supporting small and micro enterprises that provide many opportunities for employment for the masses of youth and women, especially in rural areas, and the treatment of this problem is provided by providing financial and technical support for these projects, and the economic policies directed to the goal of employment are keen to address firmly the problem of unemployment and to prevent its aggravation in the short term , Either directly through the adoption of operating programs aimed at providing financial and technical support to small and micro enterprises and the informal sector, or indirectly through creating an investment climate through a package of economic measures and legislations that contribute effectively to increasing employment rates at a time The growth rate of the target economy in the plan.

, 2009) and the understanding of elements of the investment climate (Stern, 2002); and assisting managers, entrepreneurs and policymakers understand what defines a country’s entrepreneurial environment attractiveness to better evaluate potential locations for investment.

Government stability, the country's investment climate, socio-economic conditions, and corruption perception are essential in determining long-run productivity growth and technological changes.

The article presents an analysis of the investment climate of the Republic of Karelia.

In this chapter, the authors provide some answers to the following questions: (1) To what extent can FinTech enter the market? (2) Are the markets accommodative enough for new innovative financial projects? (3) What are the main drivers of FinTech phenomenon? (4) Will FinTech shape the financial landscape going forward? By constructing four indices that can influence and drive FinTech market entry, such as (1) demand factors, (2) supply factors, (3) business environment, and (4) investment climate and by applying a z-score methodology, the results point out which economy is better prepared for a challenging wave of innovative changes in the financial sector relatively to the other economies included in the study.

Key words: investments, investment attractiveness, international ratings and indices, investment activity, investment climate, investment potential, investment risk.

The concepts of investment, investment climate, border region are considered.

This study examined the impact of investment climate on the performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria.

According to this hypothesis, a country's investment climate is the primary determinant of its mining competitiveness.

Taking into account the experience of developed countries, the need to develop the stock market of Ukraine, identify problems and, taking into account the specifics of the domestic economic and geopolitical space, proposed effective steps to improve the investment climate in our country.

The investment climate is improving in Ukraine, so it is necessary to revise the list of business profiles of the enter­prises that may receive state support for their investment initiatives.

The existence of the covid-19 virus impacts several economic sectors in Indonesia so that it affects the investment climate, which has also decreased.

This article is devoted to the consideration of the concepts of "investment climate", "investment attractiveness", a review of factors and characteristics, analysis of methods for assessing the investment attractiveness of companies.

0 which emphasize more on strengthening the investment climate than following the rules in consistency.

Ensuring stable economic development of the country is the main task of state authorities Investment security is an important component of economic security, plays an important role during the sustainable development of the country's economy Modern globalization processes play an important role during the development of the system for the formation and protection of investment security In addition, the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the identification of new negative factors, endogenous and exogenous changes, which have made significant adjustments to the development of a stable economy in the country To combat this pandemic, a state of emergency was introduced, it concerned either an entire country or a separate region or a separate sphere The countries of the world, for their part, introduced sanitary and epidemiological measures to avoid the spread of the disease The rapid introduction of these measures, as well as the development and implementation of steps that dealt with mitigating the consequences of the pandemic, caused a slowdown in economic development not only in the countries of the world, but also in Ukraine The main factor in determining the level of investment security can be a study of the state of the investment climate in the country The pandemic significantly affected the stability of the economy, in particular, created a negative field for ensuring investment security Investments, being a long-term "feeding" of the economy, is not only a key condition for modernizing the national economy, but also the main factor of its economic security The "safe" properties of investments are determined by the ability to make capital investments and production savings at a level that guarantees sufficient rates of expanded reproduction, technological re-equipment and economic restructuring, directly increases the potential for protecting economic interests from threats of various approaches GDP Assessment of the current level of investment made it possible to determine the adequacy of the provision of the Ukrainian economy with investments, is an indicator of the country's investment security.

The purpose of writing this article is to identify ways to improve the investment climate in Ukraine.

As international experience and Russian practice of creating an investment climate show, the effectiveness of the efforts of the local government level is of decisive importance when investors choose their production locations and implement other direct investments.

To improve the investment climate and create a competitive Ukrainian economy, the priority measures should be the revision of domestic investment programs and similar measures in neighboring countries, the formation on this basis of an updated institutional mechanism to attract productive investment, establishing the rule of law by EU standards, cleansing law enforcement and government of corruption, optimization of the fiscal and tax mechanism for investors, renewal of infrastructure and introduction of system technological re-equipment.

It is concluded that, the greater the geological potential and investment climate, the higher investment in mineral exploration will be.

This article addresses the issue of improving ways to increase the attractiveness of the investment climate in the regions.

In the setting up a headquarter-company consideration is given to various key determinants such as political and investment climate, corporate laws and treasury considerations.

To identify the impact of the tax reform on the investment climate in the country and the subsequent GDP growth, we formulate a hypothesis and propose a regression model.

In addition, at the opening of the International Convention on Indonesian Upstream Oil and Gas 2020, which was organized by SKK Migas, the Government also supported the improvement of the investment climate in Indonesia's upstream oil and natural gas (oil and gas) sector, amid a decline in national oil and gas production and sluggish movement of strategic industries due to the the Covid-19 pandemic.

The purpose of this research  is to  know  and  analyze  government  policies  in  maintaining the investment climate in the MSME sector in West Java during the pandemic through investment policies and government policies in accommodating  the   interests of MSMEs during the Covid-19 pandemic.

The reduction of government borrowing in foreign currency was facilitated by the deterioration of the investment climate in the country due to the spread of the coronavirus pandemic.

The economic condition of a country will affect the investment climate in that country.

It is argued that the specifics of investment activities of agricultural enterprises are due to the following factors: natural and climatic conditions, organizational and economic mechanism of management, investment climate (regulatory regulation of investment), and features of agriculture.

The main approaches to the formation of the state policy for the development of the agro-industrial complex through public-private partnerships have been identified, which provide for the increase in the profitability of production, the implementation of the country's export potential, the improvement in the investment climate, the increase in the competitiveness of agriculture, the improvement in the legislative framework, and innovative development.

It also identifies institutional traps in local legislation and offers some recommendations to improve the investment climate.

The paper assesses the rationality of creating mechanisms for state regulation of investment activities at the level of regional government, in particular using the example of the Chechen Republic, as well as the dynamics of changes in the degree of attractiveness of the investment climate in the region, and the share of investments directed to environmental protection and rational use of natural resources.

The paper highlights measures to improve the formation of volume and structure of the monetary base and monetary aggregates, improve credit and investment climate, and increase the efficiency of monetary regulation.

Sci-hub” conducted a comparative legal analysis of the copyright laws of the United States (a developed country) and Russia (a developing country), revealed weaknesses in the laws of both countries and concluded that the current state of copyright does not keep pace with the digitalization of science, and such inflexibility adversely affects not only the prestige of copyright itself, but also the research and investment climate in the state.

The need for state-level change in the investment climate and stimulation of the reorientation of Ukrainian companies to high-tech markets is confirmed.

At the regional level, the idea of developing SEZ (Special Economic Zone) aims to prepare investment institutions in improving the investment climate in Southeast Asia region and manifesting ASEAN as a single market and production base as a component of the 2015 ASEAN Economic Community.

The problem of the deterioration of the investment climate and the loss of GDP is considered.

The article aims to determine the prospects for improving the investment climate of the Chelyabinsk Oblast.

As result of the study, the authors proposed directions of revitalization of capital investment and improvement of the investment climate of Lviv region.

The authors make a valid conclusion that an economically literate policy of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex and other sectors of the economy can become a catalyst for overcoming the technical gap, reviving the investment climate, and increasing its own production of food in necessary quantities in accordance with medical norms of consumption.

The note follows the diagram below: 1) An introduction to the economic, political and social frameworks, including key indicators 2) A sector analysis to identify one to three sectors that are likely to be the subject of accelerated investment and in which reforms will have a particularly high chance of improving the business and investment climate and having an impact on development.

The methodology allows, depending on the priorities and policies of the enterprise, its industry affiliation, investment climate, economic development conditions, to choose other criteria and indicators to assess the level of investment attractiveness.

Key words: investment risks, investment policy, uncertainty, investment climate, COVID-19 pandemic, investment activity, investment security.

The general economic situation of the countries can be characterized by one important factor – the investment climate.

To analyse the socio-economic development of the single-industry town of Alexandrovsk and the Alexandrovsky district, an assessment of the demographic situation, the investment climate, and the development of small and medium-sized businesses was carried out.

The results of the study can be used by Ukrainian companies-recipients of foreign investment, investors in making decisions on investing in investment projects in the agricultural sector of Ukraine, public authorities to improve the investment climate.

This ignited the motivation for this study, to unveil the nexus between migrant’s remittance and investment financing and the modulating effect of the investment climate in this relation on a panel of 28 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 1995 to 2017.

The main purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of foreign trade on the investment attractiveness, develop projections for the investment climate in Ukraine.

The article contains the definition of political risk by different representatives, of the political risk influence on investment climate, of likelihood of adverse consequences in political decisions that were made in the face of uncertainty, when recourses are scarce, (in time, information and other), which leads to prejudice for the members of political actions and leads to unwanted events.

The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on social, economic, financial aspects, and investment climate.