Introduction to Folic Acid

BACKGROUND Despite the success of folic acid fortification programs, neural tube defects (NTDs) such as spina bifida, encephalocele, and anencephaly remain among the most substantial causes of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide.

Objective: Mandatory fortification of bread flour with folic acid has helped to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects in several countries.

The following laboratory tests were normal or negative: complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic profile, thyroidstimulating hormone, methylmalonic acid, folic acid, thiamine, pyridoxine, hemoglobin A1c, serum and urine electrophoresis with immunofixation, serum-free light chains, HIV antibody, Lyme antibody, sedimentation rate, anti-double-stranded DNA antibody, rheumatoid factor, anti-Smith antibody, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, anti-SSA/SSB antibodies, complement levels, and a serum paraneoplastic antibody profile.

Materials and methods Complete blood count and serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, and GPCA levels in 68 BMS patients with microcytosis, 816 BMS patients without microcytosis, and 442 healthy control subjects were measured and compared.

In this study, a novel, folic acid-decorated graphene oxide (FA-GO)-mediated drug delivery system was synthesized by loading the chemotherapy drug cisplatin (CDDP) or paclitaxel (PTX) to the large surface area of GO for ovarian cancer target therapy.

Herein, a novel dual-targeted and tumor microenvironment-triggered Fe3O4@carbon(C)/ZnO-doxorubicin (DOX) -folic acid (FA) drug delivery system with porous structure was designed and fabricated for the first time.

The triggered biodegradable organic-inorganic hybrid nanocapsule is a new and unique hollow mesoporous nanocapsule that is sequentially coupled with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and folic acid (FA) for the targeted release of adriamycin.

The formulation was prepared using desolvation technique, glutaraldehyde as a cross linker, bovine serum albumin as a nanocarrier and folic acid as a targeting ligand.

Logistic regression was used to adjust for the effects of the main potential confounders, including age, body mass index, education, occupation, ethnicity, folic acid use, and parity.

Irrespective of confounding adjustment, eight independent factors were consistently and significantly associated with GDM, including pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), pre-pregnancy intake of folic acid, white cell count, platelet count, alanine transaminase, albumin, direct bilirubin, and creatinine (p < 0.

Folic acid (FA)-induced renal tubule damage, which is characterized by extensive inflammation, is a common model of acute kidney injury (AKI).

Its effect on folic acid‐induced acute kidney injury, however, remains unknown.

To investigate the effect of STAT6 inhibition on myeloid fibroblast activation, macrophage polarization, and kidney fibrosis, wild-type mice were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction or folic acid administration and treated with AS1517499.

Cpt1a knock-in mice subjected to three different models of renal fibrosis (unilateral ureteral obstruction, folic acid nephropathy-FAN and adenine induced nephrotoxicity) exhibited decreased expression of fibrotic markers, a blunted pro-inflammatory response and reduced epithelial cell damage and macrophage influx.

New specialized food product for clinical use (SPP1) consisted of (% of the RDAs): protein 8%; fat 7% (including ω-3 PUFA 40%); soluble dietary fiber 160%; phospholipids 25%; alpha-lipoic acid 33%; betaine 10%; minerals 13%–44%; vitamins (A, E, D3, K1, C, B1, B2, B6, B12, PP, Folic acid, Pantothenic acid, Biotin) 24%–140%.

Seventy-seven men from couples who had an ICSI attempt with unexplained <60% fertilization rate took an antioxidant mix of myo-inositol, alpha-lipoic acid, folic acid, coenzyme Q10, zinc, selenium, and vitamins B2, B6, and B12.

In recent months, the greatest health challenge worldwide has been the outbreak of the novel coronavirus, COVID-19 During pregnancy, women are especially vulnerable perhaps in part because of fluctuations in levels of hormones that are involved in the immune response, and therefore, they need to take special preventive measures In addition to measures to avoid the spread of the virus, such as handwashing, masks, and social distancing, it is important to ensure that food intakes are healthy, adequate, and high in both nutritional quality and food safety Supportive nutrition through the provision of food baskets adequate in energy, protein, calcium, iron, folic acid, choline, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D at levels sufficient for pregnancy is likely to be needed for many pregnant women in low-income families or families where spouses, jobs, and income have been lost because of COVID-19.

Five studies did not report a significant beneficial effect of nutritional supplementation (omega-3 fatty acids, folic acid, tryptophan, broad range supplement containing vitamins and fatty acids, and fatty acids in augmentation with valproic acid), while four studies reported mixed effects (on l-tryptophan, broad-range micronutrient formula, folic acid, and omega-3 fatty acids).

BACKGROUND: Folic acid supplementation, typically as a prenatal vitamin in addition to a diet, has shown to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs).

Canadian expert guidelines recommend low-risk women to consume a daily multivitamin supplement containing 400 µg of folic acid (FA) to prevent neural tube defects.

The medical records of 81 patients with RAS and 69 healthy controls who presented to the dermatology clinic and whose neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume, serum iron, ferritin, iron-binding capacity, folic acid, and vitamin B12 levels were examined in the clinic were retrospectively reviewed and compared.

Methods: Retrospective cross sectional study has 480 cases of IBD (group I ) with controls 220 (group II), CBP, serum hsCRP, serum iron, TIBC (total iron binding capacity), sTfR, ferritin, fecal calprotectin, vitamin B12, folic acid were assessed.

We focused on two types of food supplements where content-related quality issues could result in public health risks: food supplements for supplementation with (a) folic acid (as 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF)) in pregnancy and (b) with vitamin D in the general population.

We aim to examine the relation of several folate forms (5-methyltetrahydrofolate [5-mTHF], unmetabolized folic acid [UMFA], and MeFox) with kidney function and albuminuria, which remained uncertain.

This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the relationship between the intake of specific micro- and macronutrients, including eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, alpha-tocopherol, magnesium and folic acid, and mental health, with particular reference to their beneficial effect on stress, sleep disorders, anxiety, mild cognitive impairment, as well as on neuropsychiatric disorders, all significantly affecting the quality of life of an increasing number of people.

BACKGROUND The neuroprotective benefits of combined folic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients are suggested but unconfirmed.

The aim of this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to evaluate the impact of high-dose folic acid supplementation on IVF-ICSI outcomes.

Methods and findings We nested a cluster randomized trial within a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized efficacy trial to assess the effect of 3 prenatal nutritional supplements (lipid-based nutrient supplement [LNS], multiple micronutrient supplement [MMS], or iron–folic acid [IFA]) on infant immune response (n = 53 villages and 1,525 infants with valid serology results: 794 in the vaccine group and 731 in the placebo group).

A promising ligand-receptor pair is folic acid (or its dianionic form, folate) combined with the folate receptor-α (FRα).

Our study aimed to synthesize a targeted folate receptor-α near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent agent, folic acid-zwitterionic NIR fluorophore (ZW-FA), and explore the feasibility for screening of endometrial cancer and precancerous change.

8 mg folic acid or 1 tablet containing 10 mg enalapril only.

8 mg folic acid or 10 mg enalapril alone.

We examined the relationship of pregnancy (iron and folic acid supplementation, smoking and alcohol consumption) and neonatal (low birth weight (LBW) gestational age, neonatal care interventions, and breastfeeding in the first hour) factors with child development.

MTHFR(677) CT and TT genotypes have been associated with a greater risk of low birth weight, especially in case of deficient intake of folic acid during pregnancy.

based on these findings, she was started on IM injections of hydroxocobalamin[hydroxycobalamin] 1 mg/day, along with levocarnitine [L-carnitine], betaine and folic acid.

Oral methotrexate (15 mg/week) and folic acid (1 mg/day) were administered 4-weeks before and during pegloticase therapy.

Mice with homozygous or heterozygous knockout of Manba showed increased susceptibility to acute and chronic kidney disease induced by injection of folic acid or cisplatin.

The researchers used knockout or conditional knockout animals to reduce Txndc5 expression, which reduced the accumulation of fibrous tissue in three models of chronic kidney disease (CKD), including unilateral ureteral obstruction, unilateral ischemia reperfusion injury, and folic acid nephropathy.

7% of WCBA did not meet the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for energy, protein, calcium, iron, zinc and folic acid, respectively.

Grouping the 10 nutrients showed folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, calcium, iron, zinc, copper, omega 3 in group 1, probiotics in group 2, and vitamin D in group 3.

Some of the mouse models of AKI are renal pedicle clamping (ischemia reperfusion injury), Cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity, sepsis (LPS, cecal slurry, and cecal ligation and puncture), folic acid, and rhabdomyolysis.

Here, we induced AKI by bilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of renal arteries or folic acid in lgmn WT and lgmn KO mice.

Gallic acid (GA) was used as the carbon resource and antitumor active molecule, folic acid (FA) was used as the nitrogen resource and tumor targeting molecule, and citric acid monohydrate (CA) was used as the auxiliary carbon source.

The mesoporous silica shell provided abundant sites for modification of the NO donor, N-diazeniumdiolate, and tumor-targeting molecule, folic acid (FA), and enabled high encapsulation capacity for doxorubicin (DOX) loading.

Methotrexate (MTX) is known antagonist of folic acid and widely used as an anti-cancer drug.

The aim of the present study was to prepare chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (NPs) with previously synthesized folic acid (FA) capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) loaded with the anti-cancer drug gemcitabine (GEM) (FA-GEM-AgNPs).

The present study determined whether delivery of PHD2 siRNA using a siRNA carrier, folic acid (FA)-decorated polyamidoamine dendrimer generation 5 (G5-FA), would mainly target kidneys and protect against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R).

The present study determined whether delivery of PHD2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) using an siRNA carrier, folic acid (FA)-decorated polyamidoamine dendrimer generation 5 (G5-FA), would mainly target kidneys and protect against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R).

This paper reports the fabrication of a new, portable, and user-friendly zeolite-based sensor – the Mn-zeolite/graphite modified Screen-printed Carbon Electrode (MnZG-SPCE) and its application in the highly-sensitive determination of folic acid (FA) by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV).

A Cu2O–CuO/rGO/CPE was used for simultaneous measurement of propranolol (PRO), Acetaminophen (AC) and folic acid (FA) using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and amperometric techniques.

The paclitaxel-loaded and folic acid-modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nano-micelles(PTX@FA-PLGA-NMs) were prepared by the emulsion solvent evaporation method, and the parameters of paclitaxel-loaded nano-micelles were optimized with the particle size and PDI as evaluation indexes.

For enhancing bioavailability of siRNA, folic acid (FA)-modified PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid))-TK (thioketal)-PEG (polyethylene glycol) nanomedicine was designed for siRNA delivery.

ObjectivesTo investigate the independent and collective effects of maternal folic acid supplementation or dietary folate intake upon the risk of low birth weight (LBW), and to further comprehensively examine the joint associations of folic acid supplementation and dietary folate intake with LBW by various clinical subtypes.

Previous studies suggest a beneficial effect of supplemental folic acid use and dietary folate intake on fertility, while results for fetal loss are conflicting.

OBJECTIVES We investigated the interaction between baseline ω-3 fatty acid statuses and folic acid treatment on cognitive decline in a placebo-controlled trial [FACIT (Folic Acid and Carotid Intima-media Thickness)].

More than half of women of reproductive age in India are anemic, a condition treatable through regular iron folic acid uptake.

Nutrition education, iron folic acid supplementation program, deworming, good hygiene, and sanitation are playing an important role in the prevalence of anemia and we recommend to give them more attention from ministry of education and ministry of health in Somaliland.

Background Survey-based studies have examined the timing of receiving periconceptional folic acid supplementation.

BACKGROUND Associations between the periconceptional folic acid only (FAO) or multiple micronutrients containing folic acid (MMFA) supplementation and risk for limb defects are inconsistent.

Along with locus-specific mutation, numerous SNP and CNV, miRNA, use of maternal folic acid during pregnancy and signalling pathways are also reported to contribute to the formation of CHD in patients with DS.

The association of maternal alcohol or coffee consumption with congenital anomalies was not significant, and maternal folic acid supplementation had a preventive effect on congenital heart defects.

This is the most severe form of NTDs, and recent evidence shows that taking folic acid periconceptionally reduces the occurrence of NTDs by 50-70%.

2%) were high and 55% of participants were not taking folic acid.

Serum vitamin B12 and serum folic acid level were reduced.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum folic acid (FA) level and ED evaluated by International Index of Erection Function 5 score (IIEF-5 score) and penile duplex ultrasonography.

We assessed B-vitamin status, and the distribution of folate forms, including unmetabolized folic acid (UMFA), in Canadian children with SCD supplemented with 1 mg/d folic acid (current routine practice).

We aim to examine the relation of several folate forms (5-methyltetrahydrofolate [5-mTHF], unmetabolized folic acid [UMFA], and MeFox) with kidney function and albuminuria, which remained uncertain.

However, an elevated serum antitransglutaminase (anti-tTG) IgA level was noted along with low folic acid and low vitamin D.

Many women in the UK are inadequately prepared for pregnancy, with reports of a high prevalence of smoking, low folic acid supplement use, and suboptimal diet and physical activity.

BACKGROUND North American women consume high folic acid (FA), but most are not meeting the adequate intakes for choline.

Conversely, high folic acid (FA) intake has also been associated with higher CRC risk.

In this study, biodegradable and thermosensitive F127 hydrogel containing folic acid.

The embryos utilized were from eggs collected from 34-week-old Cobb 500 broiler breeders that were fed either a control diet containing folic acid (1.

The myo-inositol group, receiving 2000 mg plus 200 μg folic acid daily and the control group, receiving 400 μg of folic acid daily from 14 - 24 gestational weeks.

Methods This study is a double-blinded randomized controlled study that involved 60 poor ovarian responders included in an ICSI program and divided into two groups; intervention group: 30 patients who have been assuming Inofolic (4 g myo-inositol + 400 μg folic acid) for the before the enrollment day; control group: 30 patients assuming folic acid (400 μg) for the same period.

As an antagonist, methotrexate (MTX) uses folic acid to obstruct the production of some biomolecules involved in synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein.

Women who did not use folic acid supplements tended to have a higher odds of developing adverse pregnancy outcomes (aOR 1.

Prevention, survival, and quality of life for those with MMC have significantly improved because of advances in medical, surgical, and rehabilitative care during the past 60 years, with prenatal folic acid food fortification, intermittent straight catheterization of the bladder, and fetal surgical repair having the greatest impact.

We tested the hypothesis of a protective association between prenatal folic acid use and neonatal diabetes or hyperglycemia and type 1 diabetes in an observational cohort study using data from the national population health registers in Norway.

Using a macrophage-mediated anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) glomerulonephritis (GN) in WKY rats, we investigated the effect of a novel folic acid-aminopterin (AMT) conjugate (EC2319) designed to intracellularly deliver AMT via the FR.

A novel folic acid mediated chitosan oligosaccharide-grafted disulfide-containing polyethylenimine copolymer-based silica nanohybrids were fabricated for co-delivering paclitaxel and P-shRNA.

8 mg folic acid or 1 tablet containing 10 mg enalapril only.

8 mg folic acid or 10 mg enalapril alone.

0%) and free folic acid supplements (71.

In the present study, a proficient way for targeted bioimaging of folate receptor (FR)-positive cancer cells using free folic acid (FA)- and MoS2 QD-based nanoprobes is discussed along with its adv.

Renal damage was reversed, while neurodevelopmental profile and eye contact improved after supplementation with parenteral hydroxycobalamin, oral folic acid, betaine and levocarnitine.

All women reported taking preconception oral folic acid supplementation.

A pretreatment with a daily resveratrol based nutraceutical was administered to the Study Group; Control Group received folic acid.

All patients received folic acid at a standard dose of 5 mg 24 hours after parenteral MTX administration.

5 to 2 per 1000 births in countries without folic acid supplementation.

The presence of FR on the cell membrane led to a significantly larger uptake of BSA/ALG–Fol nanoparticles compared with the equivalent nanoparticles without folic acid on their surface.

The studies increased knowledge about, and use of, iron supplements, and improved iron status and smoking cessation rates in pregnant women, while improving knowledge regarding, and increasing the use of, preconception folic acid.

We calculated associations between maternal factors and perinatal deaths using a regression model, including diabetes type and duration, maternal age, BMI, deprivation quintile, first trimester HbA1c, preconception folic acid, potentially harmful medications, and third trimester HbA1c.

In a 12-month period, 120 women with a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus were consecutively enrolled with an allocation of 1:1 in each group and randomly treated with myo-inositol plus α-lactalbumin plus folic acid (treated group) or folic acid (control group) for 2 months.

Antimicrobials included co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim 160 mg/sulfamethoxazole 800 mg twice daily plus folic acid 5 mg daily, n = 128) or doxycycline (100 mg once daily if body weight <50 kg or 100 mg twice daily if ≥50 kg, n = 126).

Through the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) reaction, the tumor-specific targeting ligand folic acid (FA) and fluorophore (Cy5) can be chemically conjugated to azido-functionalized CuC@BSA-N3 quickly and efficiently under biocompatible conditions.

The targeting ligand folic acid (FA) was conjugated to one end of PP123 forming FA-PP.

95%), not consuming folic acid (p-value = 0.

Contraceptive usage before pregnancy, utilization of pre-conceptional health care services, planning pregnancy and consuming folic acid was significantly low among adolescents (p < 0.