Introduction to Fluorescent Tags

Single subunit counting uses the irreversible photodestruction of fluorescent tags as means to directly count a labeled subunit and thereby derive the composition of the assemblies.

Green fluorescent proteins (GFP) are commonly used as fluorescent tags and biosensors in cell biology and medicine.

We found that among several endoglycosidases tested, wild-type endoglycosidase from Streptococcus pyogenes of serotype M49 (Endo-S2) exhibited remarkable activity in transferring the functionalized disaccharides carrying site-selectively modified azide, biotin, or fluorescent tags to antibodies without hydrolyzing the resulting transglycosylation products.

Such methodology typically employs confocal imaging of fluorescent tags in tumor-derived cell line infections on glass.

A series of aryl groups bearing different bioconjugation handles, affinity or fluorescent tags are well tolerated.

We have previously described a protocol for genome engineering of mammalian cultured cancer cells with CRISPR/Cas9 to generate homozygous knock-ins of fluorescent tags into endogenous genes 1.

Finally, carboxyl-functionalized nanospheres were used as fluorescent tags and imported into LFIA system to on-site high-sensitively assess the level of C-reaction protein (CRP).

To circumvent these issues, we adapted a protocol to label endogenous proteins with fluorescent tags in primary adult mouse neural stem cells in vitro.

These inhibitors became scaffolds for the development of ABPs; the O6-fluorescent tags of which bind in an allosteric site at the dimer interface.

Many assays visualise fibril formation, growth and inclusion formation by decorating monomeric proteins with fluorescent tags such as GFP.

The regio-isomeric alkynyl-substituted derivatives, 2 and 3, of the RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) transcription inhibitor CX-5461 (1) were prepared and the active one (compound 3) subjected to click reactions ([3 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions) with certain alkyl azides bearing biotin or fluorescent tags.

While GFPs, widely used as fluorescent tags in biomedical research, are the most famous cnidarian example, other novel proteins have also been identified within this phylum.

One of the most popular methods currently is using fluorescent tags to label biospecimens and decoding the information through microscopy.

The enzyme tolerated various lengths of fatty acid acyl chains on the phosphatidylglycerol, including fluorescent tags, but exhibited a preference for phosphatidylglycerol diacylated with longer fatty acid chains as indicated by the smaller Kd and Km values for substrates with chains with more than 14 members.

The glycosylation of exosomal PD-L1 (exoPD-L1) was imaged in situ using intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between fluorescent PD-L1 aptamers bound on exoPD-L1 and fluorescent tags on glycans introduced via metabolic glycan labeling.

fluorescent tags.

Herein, we report a highly selective theranostic nanocomplex, ZIPP-Apt:DOX/siHSPs, built with superparamagnetic zinc-doped iron oxide nano-octahedral core, cationic PAMAM dendrimer, and functional surface modifications such as PEG, AS1411 aptamer, and fluorescent tags (FITC or Cy5.

Here, by inserting DNA sequences of fluorescent tags into the genomic locus of daf-2 and that of its downstream transcription factor daf-16, we determined that both genes are expressed in most or all tissues from embryos through adulthood, in line with their diverse functions.

We create and share a new red fluorophore, along with a set of strains, reagents and protocols, to make it faster and easier to label endogenous Caenorhabditis elegans proteins with fluorescent tags.

This exceptional combination of properties positions fluorescent diamond particles as unique fluorophores with emerging applications in a variety of fields, including bioimaging, ultrasensitive metrology at the nanoscale, fluorescent tags in industrial applications, and even potentially as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents.

In addition, a variety of biophysical probes such as affinity handles and fluorescent tags can be introduced into Cys-containing peptides and proteins.

Mass spectrometry is superior to the use of fluorescent tags that alter the physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetics of the nanoparticles and can be cleaved from the gemini surfactant molecules within biological systems.

putida were constructed with fluorescent tags to either ribosomal proteins or the RNAP or both.

In addition, functional components, such as magnetic particles or fluorescent tags, can be encapsulated within the polymer core.

In this study, we assessed the possibility of viral titration by FACS, making use of the fluorescent tags that many of the HCMV-BACs hold.

Nevertheless, the employment of UV-visible absorbing dyes as fluorescent tags and markers typically suffer from several drawbacks including relatively high energy of excitation wavelength, photobleaching and competitive autofluorescence, which often limit their effectiveness and longevity both in vitro and in vivo.

The photophysical properties of both the substituted isoxazoles and the corresponding boron complexes were investigated to show the potentialities for the employment as fluorescent tags in imaging techniques.

Combining the specificity of RNA‐modifying enzymes with non‐natural substrates has emerged as a valuable strategy to modify RNA site‐ or sequence‐specifically with functional groups suitable for subsequent bioorthogonal reactions and thus label RNA with reporter moieties such as affinity or fluorescent tags.

HEK293 cells that express recombinant proteins of interest fused to fluorescent tags are imaged live to capture the formation of autophagosomes, fixed on stage to "snap-freeze" these structures, stained with appropriate antibodies, relocated, and imaged at super resolution by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy.

via autophagy) is by labeling vesicular structures such as endosomes, autophagosomes, lysosomes, or model substrates with fluorescent tags or by fluorescent antibody staining.

Subsequently, a number of fluorescent tags were introduced to the heteroduplexes through RAFT polymerization, leading to an amplification of the fluorescence signal.

Experimental methods to study protein-nucleic acid interactions require the use of fluorescent tags, radioactive isotopes, or other labels to detect and analyze specific target molecules.

However, single‐cell analysis often requires the use of fluorescent tags and cell lysis followed by genomic profiling to identify the cellular heterogeneity.

A visual, rapid, and sensitive method for the detection of two algal metabolites, geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) using a competitive displacement technique based on molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) and fluorescent tags was developed.

To this end, Aβ peptide chains are functionalized with fluorescent tags, often covalently bound to the disordered N-terminus region of the peptide, with the assumption that functionalization and presence of the fluorophore will not modify the process of self-assembly nor the final fibrillar structure.

Herein, we synthesized a new class of m7Gp3G cap derivatives modified with an alkyne handle at the N1-position of guanosine and, using alkyne-azide cycloaddition, we functionalized them with fluorescent tags to obtain potential probes.

The optical properties of silicon quantum dots (Si QDs) depend on the working conditions, which are critical for their application in optoelectronic devices and fluorescent tags.

We demonstrate the broad substrate scope of this bioconjugation by attaching a variety of tags to proteins such as NMR tags, fluorescent tags, affinity tags, and alkyne tags.

Difluoroboron-dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) are highly popular fluorescent dyes with applications as NIR probes for bioimaging, fluorescent tags/sensors and as photosensitizers in cancer therapy and organic photovoltaics.

A novel aggregation induced emission based 2-(1-(3, 5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) phenol (4) (IMD) fluorescent tags (FTs) was designed by simple acid catalyzed five-member N-heterocyclic ring forming reaction process.

We expand the vector series to include antibiotic resistance markers, promoters, fluorescent tags and terminators, and build a highly modular toolbox to introduce heterologous sequences.

Fluorescent tags and biochemical signals were spatially patterned into the channel wall through time-dependent perfusion of TCO-conjugated molecules into the lumen of the channel.

Expansion microscopy (ExM) creates an expanded, optically clear phantom of a fluorescent specimen that retains its original relative distribution of fluorescent tags.

The incorporation of fluorescent tags into synthetic acceptor molecules for in vitro biochemical assays allows quick and easy detection of enzyme activity.

We developed ORANGE: an Open Resource for the Application of Neuronal Genome Editing, that mediates targeted genomic integration of fluorescent tags in neurons.

A simple detection method was then developed using a dot-blot immunoassay with IgG-AuNCs as fluorescent tags.

Here, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of a toolbox of TMM‐based reporters bearing alkyne, azide, trans‐cyclooctene, and fluorescent tags.

In this context, the Surface Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering (SERRS) technique is being proposed as alternative to fluorescent methods in detection of biomarkers, because SERRS nanostructures are bright as fluorescent tags but more stable and clearly detectable using the narrow Raman "fingerprints" of a suitable reporter.

In addition, native and modified LOs can be used as ligands for production of fluorescent tags, affinity purification columns and antibodies.

Potential label-free alternatives to super-resolution fluorescence techniques have been the focus of considerable research due to the challenges intrinsic in the reliance on fluorescent tags.

These cloning vectors contain a variety of fluorescent tags, including blue, cyan, green or red fluorescent proteins, photoactivatable or photoswitchable fluorescent proteins, fluorescent timers, photosensitizers and bimolecular fluorescence complementation tags.