Introduction to Fluorescent Nanoprobe

7 μM with the detection limit as low as 8 nM, which is 1-3 orders of magnitude more sensitive than those based on other fluorescent nanoprobes.

Herein, hypoxia and acidic pH, two typical features strongly associated with tumor invasion, progression and metastasis in tumor microenvironment (TME), are chosen as dual stimuli to fabricate "dual lock-and-key" fluorescent nanoprobe for highly specific and precise imaging of tumor cells.

Herein, a luminescent pitaya-type nanostructure based on rhein-magnesium(II) (Rh-Mg) coordination polymer nanodots was used as a fluorescent nanoprobe to selectively image the mitochondria benefiting from the introduction of triphenylphosphine.

The fluorescent nanoprobes based ADP-Azo demonstrate the potential applications in fluorescence imaging and controlled drug release for treating hypoxic tumor and colon disease.

In this study, the application of carbon dots (CDs) modified NaYF4:Yb, Er nanoparticles (UCNPs@CDs) as the fluorescent nanoprobe for simultaneous detection of Fe2+ and Fe3+ was investigated.

A turn-on fluorescent nanoprobe (named AAP-1), based on an aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen), is disclosed for the detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is an essential element in the biological system.

Compared with the traditional detection methods, the carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have better selectivity, high sensitivity, easy operation, and is inexpensive which could be widely utilized as fluorescent nanoprobes to detect various compounds quantificationally.

Finally, a home-made portable gas sensor for reversibly sensing of toxic NO2 gas at room temperature was designed by utilizing graphitic carbon nitride nanobelts as the fluorescent nanoprobe, which can overcome the disadvantages of high operation temperature or the interference of humidity resulting from the common chemiresistive sensors.

In this work, a magnetofluorescent nanoprobe was prepared conjugating dye-labeled Aβ42 peptides with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs).

Finally, the TEF-CDs-based fluorescent nanoprobe was successfully applied to estimate chlorpyrifos and quinalphos with an effective accuracy in rice and fruit samples with rapid detection time.

However, current fluorescent nanoprobes generally involve complicated synthesis processes, background signal disturbance, and limited analyte detection.

Collection and automatic analysis of fluorescence turn-off response of three kinds of fluorescent nanoprobes which are coated onto filter papers by a smartphone-based device is the principle behind this study.

The CQDs show great advantages as fluorescent nanoprobe for metal ion detection, which present an apparent and selective fluorescence quenching effect on Fe3+.

The use of fluorescent nanoprobes based on QDs conjugated to uniformly oriented high-affinity single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) may significantly increase the sensitivity and specificity due to better recognition of analytes and deeper penetration into tissues due to small size of such nanoprobes.

This fluorescent nanoprobe with RGD peptide could be targeted for delivery into tumor cells and released in acidic environments such as endosomes/lysosomes, ultimately inducing cytotoxicity by arresting tumor cell cycling with inserted DNA.

Herein, we designed and prepared an metal-organic framework (MOF)-based fluorescent nanoprobe with Zr(IV) and boronate ester as an active center, which achieved simultaneous recognition of ROS and phosphorylation sites.

With the development of nanomaterials, fluorescent nanoprobes have attracted enormous attention in the fields of chemical sensing, optical materials, and biological detection.

Furthermore, the sensing experiment results indicated that FCQDs-Tb(TFA)3 is ideal as a fluorescent nanoprobe for Fe3+ ion detection, and the lowest detection limit for Fe3+ is 0.

Carbon nanodots (CDs) based fluorescent nanoprobes have recently drawn much attention in chemo-/bio-sensing and bioimaging.

Here, we report an eco-friendly synthesis of a nitrogen-doped carbon dot/Chromium (VI) [N–C dot/Cr (VI)] fluorescent nanoprobe for nanomolar detection of uric acid.

A fluorescent nanoprobe based on copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) has been developed for ratiometric detection of hydroxyl radicals ( • OH) and superoxide anion radicals (O 2 •− ).

The potential use of these C-dots as fluorescent nanoprobe for specific metal ions (Cu2+ and Hg2+) detection through chelation, radical scavenging and cellular imaging has been investigated.

In this work, a core-shell structured upconversion nanoparticles@zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8) fluorescent nanoprobe (NaErF4:Tm@SiO2@ZIF-8) has been designed for the detection of gallic acid (GA).

Here, a novel gold-selenium (Au-Se) fluorescent nanoprobe with excellent selectivity and strong anti-interference capability was designed for the simultaneous in situ imaging of uPA and MMP-2 and real-time monitoring of their changes in living cells.

The fluorescent nanoprobe was successfully applied to the determination of DA in human serum samples with recoveries ranging from 99.

Graphical abstractSchematic illustration of CdSe/ZnS quantum dot coated with carboxy-PEG and modified with the terbium(III)-GMP complex as a fluorescent nanoprobe for ratiometric determination of arsenate via its inhibition of ACP activity.

Graphical abstractSchematic illustration of the use of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA)-capped CaF2:Tb3+ nanocrystals as a fluorescent nanoprobe for the detection of nitroaromatic analytes.

Furthermore, mPEG-SA and N-alkylated mPEG-SA nanoparticles showed bright fluorescence due to the aggregation of AIE-active SA molecules in the nano-particles and could be successfully used as fluorescent nanoprobes for bioimaging applications in HeLa cancer cells.

4 to reveal that the nanoprobes can be a suitable candidate for FA targeted turn-off fluorescent nanoprobes for FA pre-treated FR-positive cancer cells in vivo study.

Fluorescent nanoprobes based on peptide-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely used in bioassays.

A photo-triggered cycloaddition reaction between the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid -N-ɛ-acryllysine (RGD-Acrk) peptides and the tetrazole compounds bound to the surface of biodegradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles (bMSN) has been used to construct a fluorescent nanoprobe (bMSN@T2-RGD-Acrk), which showed fluorescent emission at 550 nm and could selectively image the 4T1 cells and breast cancer.

Finally, this fluorescent nanoprobe was applied to the determination of Hg2+ in real water samples and demonstrated satisfactory results.

The APPA can be easily synthesized and self‐assembled into spherical nanoparticles in the presence of doxorubicin (DOX) (PAD), or can be used for construction of fluorescent nanoprobe in the presence of DiR (PA‐DiR).

Graphical abstract Schematic representation of the fluorescent nanoprobe for β-glucosidase activity detection and inhibitor screening by taking advantage of the fluorescence (FL) “turn-off” and “turn-on” feature of cysteine capped CuInS2 quantum dots (Cys-CuInS2 QDs).

The morphology of the fluorescent nanoprobe was characterized by transmission electron microscopy which revealed good spheroidal core-shell structure and a homogeneous distribution of the QDs.

Graphical abstract Schematic representation of sulfadiazine determination using Ag NP-GQDs as a fluorescent nanoprobe.

In this article, we have discussed about a variety of fluorescent nanoprobes of QDS, CDs, AuNPs and UCNPS, working on the fluorescent sensing mechanisms and applicable for the detection of H2S, CO and NO in biological and environmental samples.

6% were synthesized as a fluorescent nanoprobe for detection of Cr3+ with a detection limit of 0.

In this work, we presented a fluorescent nanoprobe based on dye-functionalized Au nanorods (NRs)@silica for sensitive and selective detection of H2S in vitro and living cells.

Graphical abstract Schematic representation of the synthesis of g-C3N4 quantum dots (QDs) as a fluorescent nanoprobe for selective detection of glucose.

Compared with fluorescent dye labeled IgG, the fluorescent nanoprobes display dramatically increased photostability.

By assembling DNAzyme on DNA nanowires through DNA hybridization, we have developed a novel accelerated DNAzyme-based fluorescent nanoprobe for fast, sensitive and selective detection of miRNA.

All nanohybrids demonstrated no in vitro cytotoxicity based on MTT results and were successfully internalized by glioma cells, behaving as fluorescent nanoprobes for bioimaging and biolabeling.

A fluorescent nanoprobe is designed for the determination of carbamazepine (CBZ) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of patients receiving CBZ.

The copolymers can function as a fluorescent nanoprobe (PEI-PDLLA NPs) via a facile nanoprecipitation method and the self-assembly mechanism of PEI-PDLLA NPs was also investigated in-depth by molecular dynamics simulation.

A sensitive and selective graphene oxide (GO)-based fluorescent nanoprobe has been developed for the relay recognition of Cu2+ and cysteine (Cys) by covalently grafting γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) onto GO.

A near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanoprobe that enables to circumvent the interference of background absorption and fluorescence in whole blood was developed for the direct sensing of blood glucose.