Introduction to Fluorescent Dye

After 64h, biofilms were either harvested and quantified by cultural analyses or stained for confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analyses using either Live/Dead kit or different fluorescent dyes.

Fluorescence images of the aggregates of mAb tagged by a fluorescent dye were captured using widefield fluorescence microscope, confocal laser scanning microscope, and Cytell Cell Imaging System and the images were processed using a series of denoising steps followed by thresholding and morphological operations.

In the present report, a highly sensitive solvatochromism, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) based 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-3H-benzocoumarin fluorescent dye (CFD) was fabricated with the help of ultrasonication protocol.

The aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active fluorescent dye ASCPI was used as the gain medium in this study.

Converting natural fluorescent dyes with aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) properties into functional fluorescent dyes with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties has attracted great attention in recent years.

In the field of tumor imaging and therapy, the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect of fluorescent dyes at high concentration is a great challenge.

The fluorescent dye JC-1 was used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential.

JC-1 and DCFH-DA fluorescent dyes were used to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species concentrations, respectively.

Moreover, the hydrophobic fluorescent dye, Eosin Y ( ESY ) or Nile red ( NiR ), was encapsulated in WPCTX ⊃ G NPs, respectively, to construct two types of artificial light-harvesting systems.

An artificial light-harvesting system (ALHS) has been designed and constructed based on supramolecular organogels made of a simple hydrazide-functionalized benzimidazole derivative (HB), as well as the fluorescent dye rhodamine B (RhB).

The lipophilic fluorescent dye coumarin 6 (Cou6) was encapsulated into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA nanoparticles (NPs).

Methods By a double emulsion technique, the drug nanocarrier, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) or PLGA, was applied for co-loading of a fluorescent dye, indocyanine green (ICG) and a toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonist resiquimod (R848) to synthesize PLGA-ICG-R848 NPs.

We developed an absolute counting method for mycobacteria in liquid cultures using a bench-top flow cytometer, and the low-cost fluorescent dyes Calcein-AM (CA) and SYBR-gold (SG).

We developed an absolute counting method for mycobacteria in liquid cultures using a bench-top flow cytometer, and the low-cost fluorescent dyes Calcein-AM (CA) and SYBR-gold (SG).

rhodamine B fluorescent dye or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) brush precursor) by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and, 3) optional N-alkylation of the 1,2,3-triazole groups followed by anion exchange reaction to afford covalently-tethered 1,2,3-triazolium ionic liquids with iodide or cresol red counter-anions.

Finally, we proved capability of azide-functionalized GO for conjugation by strain promoted [3 + 2] azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) with BCN derivative of organic fluorescent dye JOE.

patent or methylene blue, and near infra-red fluorescent dyes, e.

Using particles labelled with the near infra-red (nIR) fluorescent dye, indocyanine green, selective uptake of particles by tumours was observed.

They are best investigated using non-invasive advanced optical methods, such as high-resolution live-cell fluorescence microscopy, which require stable labelling of nanoparticles with fluorescent dyes.

This is best investigated using noninvasive advanced optical methods, such as high-resolution live-cell fluorescence microscopy, which require stable labeling of nanoparticles with fluorescent dyes.

Methods We designed and optimized a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) involving fluorescent dye-labeled specific primers to detect 18 pathogens and nine resistance genes.

We therefore invented a fluorometric paper-based LAMP by incorporating LAMP reagents, including a biotinylated primer, onto a cellulose membrane paper, with a simple DNA fluorescent dye incubation that demonstrated rapid and accurate results parallel to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methods.

The formulations were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential and stability over time and micelles performance on the skin was evaluated through the quantification of imiquimod retention in the skin layers and the visualization of a micelle-loaded fluorescent dye by two-photon microscopy.

Cerebral vessels and leukocytes were labelled with fluorescent dyes and imaged by in vivo two-photon microscopy before and three hours after SAH induced by filament perforation.

Investigations on sporogony by live cell imaging techniques of ruminant Eimeria species are still absent in literature as commonly used fluorescent dyes do not penetrate resistant oocyst bi-layered wall.

Since plaques are clonal lesions produced by virus-induced cytopathic effect, we applied DNA fluorescent dyes with differential cell permeability to visualize them by live-cell imaging.

The tibialis anterior (TA) muscle microcirculation was imaged using intravenously infused rhodamine b isothiocyanate dextran fluorescent dye via two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) and dye extravasation at 3 and 7 days post-AL quantified to assess microvascular permeability.

The three Zr phthalocyanines bearing dehydroacetic acid residue (PcZr(L1)2) and its condensed derivatives (PcZr(L2)2 and PcZr(L3)2) as out-of-plane ligands were synthesized and their influence on insulin fibril formation was studied by amyloid-sensitive fluorescent dye based assay, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescent and absorption spectroscopies.

First, increases in IR-induced free radical concentrations using oxidant-sensitive fluorescent dyes in a cell-free system were measured and verified.

The research method was that the near-infrared fluorescent dye was labeled on the degradable materials by chemical reaction, and then using the change of fluorescence intensity to reflect the degradation degree of the materials.

Furthermore, indocyanine green (ICG), a near-infrared fluorescent dye was chosen as a model drug to study the drug distribution in the brain in vivo.

The hydrodynamic diameters and concentrations of organic fluorescent dyes and fluorescently labeled proteins were successfully measured.

Organic fluorescent dyes are stable in nature and can be linked to a variety of molecules.

Methods Single cell suspensions were made from 21 surgically resected CRC specimens, and immunostained with various mAbs conjugated with different fluorescent dyes.

In order to study the distribution of chemicals in the FET, the present study investigated the individual distribution of seven different fluorescent dyes in different compartments of the zebrafish egg (chorion, perivitelline space, different organs of the embryo).

We use two fluorescent dyes as analogues to emulate the key spectral feature of the on and off states of Cph8; in this way, we focus on the initial photoactivation step and abstract from the complicated subsequent dynamics.

Finally, we have confirmed that incubation at 60°C increases MV in the mutant strain DdegP strain about fivefold by using two fluorescent dyes, DiI and FM4-64, which is followed by TEM analysis.

Thereafter, a dye assay with specific fluorescent dyes rhodamine B and rhodamine 123 was performed.

In healthy donors RP are identified by staining with the RNA specific fluorescent dyes by flow cytofluorimetry or using standard protocols in modern flow haematological analyzers.

Two halochromic red fluorescent dyes, whose chromophores are the same as Nile red, were synthesized by introducing dibutyl- and dihexyl-substituents for improving their affinity toward chemically resistant and hydrophobic fibers made of high molecular weight polyethylene.

To demonstrate the stepinjector's ability to perform contamination-sensitive enzymatic assays, we inject casein fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-casein) into a mixture of savinase and savinase-free (labeled with a red fluorescent dye) droplets.

The lipophilic fluorescent dye coumarin 6 (Cou6) was encapsulated into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA nanoparticles (NPs).

RBCs were labelled with the red lipophilic fluorescent dye PKH26 and incubated with PMA-treated THP-1 cells.

In recent years nanomaterials have been explored as luminescent probes for super resolution microscopy, as many have advantages over traditional fluorescent dye molecules.

Quantum dots (QDs) are fluorescent NMs with superior properties than the traditional fluorescent dyes but the toxicity and mechanisms of QDs should be firstly evaluated before their safe use (Huang & Tang, 2020).

Results: HF-MSCs labeled with the green fluorescent dye PKH67 were found to colocalize with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and neural-specific markers.

EV internalization assay was performed by labeling the SEV with PKH67 green fluorescent dye.

Moreover, the hydrophobic fluorescent dye, Eosin Y ( ESY ) or Nile red ( NiR ), was encapsulated in WPCTX ⊃ G NPs, respectively, to construct two types of artificial light-harvesting systems.

Fluorescence polarization is a method to determine membrane fluidity using a hydrophobic fluorescent dye that intercalates into the fatty acid bilayer.

To overcome quenching limitations of conventional fluorescent dyes and further improve intensity, nanoparticle-based constructs have been the subject of intense investigation, and within this realm, dye-doped silica-coated nanoparticles have garnered significant attention.

Moreover, the photostability of AuNCs in comparison to conventional fluorescent dyes has allowed their widespread use as sensitizing materials for enhanced photothermal, photodynamic and radiotherapy.

However, their fluorescence efficiency (ΦF) is still highly inferior to those of conventional NIR fluorescent dyes, seriously hindering their applications.

Here we present the first reported case of successful NIR in vivo and ex vivo visualization of a common peroneal nerve (CPN) schwannoma - a proof of concept for the novel use of intraoperative NIR fluorescent dyes for peripheral nerve tumor resection.

Several fluorescent dyes including near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent agents have been already well studied in the field of photodynamic therapy (PDT).

The potential of MdtF to participate in the export of agents with different physicochemical properties was additionally assessed using accumulation and real-time efflux assays with several fluorescent dyes.

Overall, these results suggested that ISOs can have promising applications as novel fluorescent dyes of the cell nuclei.

Novel fluorescent dyes such as difluoroborane complexes of 1-phenylazonaphthalen-2-ol derivatives were successfully synthesized and characterized with a focus on the influence of a substituent and a solvent on the basic photophysical properties.

Herein, we report a novel chemical approach for the robust attachment of commercial fluorescent dyes to the exosome surface with covalent binding.

By employing polymeric quaternary ammonium salt with an ionic bonding matrix and heavy atoms, commercial fluorescent dyes are directly endowed with phosphorescence emission.

We developed an absolute counting method for mycobacteria in liquid cultures using a bench-top flow cytometer, and the low-cost fluorescent dyes Calcein-AM (CA) and SYBR-gold (SG).

We developed an absolute counting method for mycobacteria in liquid cultures using a bench-top flow cytometer, and the low-cost fluorescent dyes Calcein-AM (CA) and SYBR-gold (SG).

Among many kinds of small molecular fluorescent dyes, 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (BD) derivatives have been widely applied in many chemical and biological applications due to their excellent photophysical properties.

ATPOS is synthesized by labeling an ATP-binding protein, Bacillus FoF1-ATP synthase ε subunit, with a small-molecular fluorescent dye Cy3.

A new class of NIR distyryl Bodipy fluorescent dyes were developed with sulfone- and quaternary ammonium-modified piperidines as auxochromes instead of conventional dialkylamino auxochromes.

Here we reported a BODIPY fluorescent dye ((3-(4-(5,5-difluoro-2-(4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl))-1,3,7,9-tetramethyl-5H-5l4,6l4-Bispyrrole[1,2-c:2′,1′-f] [1,3,2]borothiaserine-10-yl)phenyl)-2-(4-nitro)phenylnier (BCNOH)) modified with p-nitrodiphenylacrylonitrile, and hydroxymethyl phenyl group for the affinity and sensing of PAEs.

While these advantages have positioned OPM as a valuable tool to probe biological questions in animal models, its potential for in vivo human imaging is largely unexplored due to its typical use with exogenous fluorescent dyes.

These tools fall largely in two categories: exogenous fluorescent dyes, or endogenous labels such as genetically encoded fluorescent proteins.

This chapter reviews the current progress of NIR-II fluorescent dyes-based bioimaging.

Most NIR-II fluorescent dyes, especially polymethine cyanine, face the inevitable self-quenching phenomenon in an aqueous solution.

The formulations were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential and stability over time and micelles performance on the skin was evaluated through the quantification of imiquimod retention in the skin layers and the visualization of a micelle-loaded fluorescent dye by two-photon microscopy.

The fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime of the loaded fluorescent dyes showed that the dyes could not produce effective tunneling in the mesoporous materials, which was limited to the surface of the particles, which is beneficial for the subsequent research on the loading or release of nanoparticles.

Here we report a method based on flow cytometry (FC) measurements complexes made from guanosine-based particles and a variety of commercially available fluorescent dyes.

Here, we report a method based on flow cytometry measurements for complexes made from guanosine-based particles and a variety of commercially available fluorescent dyes.

Here we detailed an adapted protocol for the simultaneous measurement of lysosomal pH and calcium using dextran-conjugated ratiometric fluorescent dyes.

We monitored ABA effects on the H+-pump activities in the BSCs cytosol-delimiting membranes (plasma membrane and tonoplast) by monitoring the cytosol and the xylem pH, and the membrane potential (EM), by imaging the fluorescence of pH- and membrane potential (EM)-reporting probes: (a) the BSCs’ pHEXT – with the ratiometric fluorescent dye FITC-dextran petiole-fed into detached leaves in unbuffered xylem perfusion solution (XPS), (b) the BSCs’ pHCYT – with the ratiometric dye SNARF1 loaded into BSCs isolated protoplasts, and (c) the BSCs’ EM – with the ratiometric dye di- 8-ANEPPS.

We performed a BBB permeability assay using sodium fluorescein, a small-molecule fluorescent dye, to evaluate endothelial transport from the blood to the central nervous system.

These NPs are derived by encapsulating small-molecule fluorescent dyes with AIE property inside the cores of NPs assembled by amphiphilic polymers.

To develop a new class of neutral fluorescent dyes with mitochondrial staining capacity, a series of functional dyes were obtained from Nile Red (2a-e) and coumarin (3a-e) with different amide compounds via Suzuki coupling reactions.

An artificial mixture composed of IgG and BSA, labeled with different thiol-reactive neutral fluorescent dyes, was used as a model to quantitatively optimize the performance (yield and purity) of the separation through a primary capture step, in which the selective binding of IgG to the beads was envisioned.

In many laboratories, small molecular weight fluorescent dyes are used to examine the dynamics, both spatial and temporal, of plant regulators and signalling molecules.

We injected a high molecular weight fluorescent dye into the interstitial space or directly into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

After a period of week 4, the bone cores were retrieved from the bioreactor and tested for viability using calcein-AM and ethidium homodimer −1 fluorescent dyes and were compared with the cores that were placed in static culture with and without any loads on them and Day 0 bone core that acted as a positive control.

Higher uptake and translocation of Zn in wheat compared to maize was also visualized and demonstrated by using Zinpyr-1 fluorescent dye.

To this aim, we assessed the acetylcholinesterase activity by Ellman’s colorimetric method, the mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity by MTT assay, the nuclear morphology by Hoechst 33258, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by DCFH-DA fluorescent dye, and the electrophysiological activity of KV3.

JC-1 and DCFH-DA fluorescent dyes were used to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species concentrations, respectively.

The synthesized fluorescent dyes showed media dependant emission and their photophysical and electroluminescent properties were evaluated with respect to their application in OLED.

The synthesized fluorescent dyes were purified and characterized by analytical methods.

Herein, we developed three kinds of benzimidazole-derived fluorescent dyes, BZ1–BZ3.

Thus, this series of chalcone-derived fluorescent dyes with facile synthesis shows great potential for the development of antibiotics and cancer cell staining agents.

In this technical note, in vitro transcribed synthetic mRNA encoding green fluorescence protein (eGFP), and red fluorescent protein (m-cherry) as well as fluorescein and rhodamine fluorescent dyes were injected into a single-cell zebrafish embryo for volume quality control.

In this study, a novel far-red fluorescent probe ZJL-3 based on rhodamine fluorescent dye was designed, synthesized, and used for NO determination.

Here, we solved this problem and present the molecular design of a dual label (DL) compound comprising a highly fluorescent dye together with an EPR spin probe, which also renders the fluorescence lifetime to be concentration sensitive.

Bulky hydrophobic counterions (weakly coordinating anions) can insulate ionic dyes against aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) and enable preparation of highly fluorescent dye-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) for bioimaging, biosensing and light harvesting.

For this, the 384-pillar plate with bioprinted NSCs is sandwiched with a standard 384-well plate with growth medium for 3D culture, allowing researchers to expose the cells to test compounds and stain them with various fluorescent dyes for a suite of high-content imaging assays, including assays for DNA damage, mitochondrial impairment, cell membrane integrity, intracellular glutathione levels, and apoptosis.

Primary staining of female and male lymphocytes by monoclonal antibodies to CD45 conjugated with various fluorescent dyes (PC-5 and PC-7) was performed to assess the immune response of female lymphocytes to male ones and vice versa.

Here, we have designed and synthesized β-cyclodextrin grafted Graphene Oxide based fluorescent probe with encapsulated fluorescent dye.

The peptide-induced membrane leakage was followed using an encapsulated fluorescent dye.

PKH26 fluorescent dyes were used to observe intake of exosomes in vivo and in vitro.

Method: BMSCs were isolated and labeled with PKH26 fluorescent dye.