Introduction to Flexible Transparent

What is/are Flexible Transparent?

Flexible Transparent - Networks of metal nanowires are candidates for flexible transparent and conductive films, however the microand nanomechanical behaviour of nanowires is still only partially understood. ^[1] A flexible transparent is an important technology to improve flexible electronic and flexible display devices. ^[2]

indium tin oxide

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films have drawn extensive attention as one of the most promising flexible transparent conductive electrodes to replace traditional indium tin oxide. ^[1] The bilayer structure of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) coating on silver nanowires (AgNWs) film is a promising structure for replacing indium tin oxide (ITO) as a flexible transparent conductive electrode. ^[2] Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) with an embedded metal mesh are considered a promising alternative to traditional indium tin oxide (ITO) due to their excellent photoelectric performance, surface roughness, and mechanical and environmental stability. ^[3] Metal mesh-based flexible transparent conductive electrodes have attracted much interest as one alternative to conventional indium tin oxide electrodes. ^[4] A multidimensional graphene and ZnO-based heterostructure for flexible transparent ultraviolet photodetector (UV-PD) applications is successfully fabricated on an indium tin oxide-coated polyethylene terephthalate substrate (ITO-coated PET). ^[5] Low-cost flexible transparent conductive films (TCFs) with direct writing of metal grids have been explored as a promising alternative to conventional indium-tin-oxide-based TCFs for future flexible electronics. ^[6]

replace indium tin

Silver nanowire (Ag NW) has been considered as the best material to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) to fabricate flexible transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding films due to its superior comprehensive performance. ^[1] Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) are currently the most likely to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) as flexible transparent conducting electrodes (FTCEs), but conventional preparation methods such as solution deposition will lead to weak conductivity and low adhesion to the substrate. ^[2] The booming market of flexible electronic displays has urged the development of highly flexible transparent conductive electrodes (FTCE)1–3 with the ability to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films routinely used as transparent conductive electrodes in photoelectronic devices. ^[3]

organic light emitting

ABSTRACT Development of flexible transparent organic light-emitting devices (TOLEDs) still requires a number of advancements in transparent conducting electrodes with low reflection and absorption, a capping layer (CL) acting as refractive index-matching, and thin film encapsulation (TFE) with high water vapor barrier properties, among others. ^[1] In the final section, we evaluate three applications of flexible transparent conductors in: perovskite-based solar cells, organic light emitting diodes and electrochromic windows. ^[2] In this study, the performance stability of solution-processed flexible organic light-emitting diodes (f-OLEDs) in relation to the mechanical stability of their flexible transparent electrode (f-TE) bottom anodes and component functional layers was analyzed. ^[3]

low sheet resistance

In this study, we present a new and simple method that utilizes post-processing such as thermal treatment and mechanical compression to manufacture a grid patterned silver nanowire (AgNW) flexible transparent electrode with low sheet resistance, high transmittance, and high flexibility. ^[1] To keep up with the progress in wearable electronics, it is imperative to create flexible transparent heaters with low sheet resistance and high transmittance. ^[2] The flexible transparent conductive electrode fabricated with AgNWs exhibits outstanding mechanical flexibility and optoelectronic performance with a low sheet resistance of 9. ^[3]

Performance Flexible Transparent

This work presents various opportunities for developing high-performance flexible transparent electronics based on emerging ultrathin TCO candidates. ^[1] High-performance flexible transparent p-CuI films were prepared on polycarbonate substrates at room temperature by combining solid iodization and vacuum thermal evaporation. ^[2] The full room-temperature process further demonstrates the great potential of applying the proposed devices and the PIF platform to future high-performance flexible transparent electronics. ^[3] This work demonstrated that the flexible composite electrodes of PET/Ag-mesh/PH1000:AgNWs are promising alternatives for the conventional PET/ITO electrode, and open a new avenue for developing high-performance flexible transparent electrode for optoelectronic devices. ^[4]

Promising Flexible Transparent

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films have drawn extensive attention as one of the most promising flexible transparent conductive electrodes to replace traditional indium tin oxide. ^[1] Graphene is a promising flexible transparent electrode, and significant progress in graphene-based optoelectronic devices has been accomplished by reducing the sheet resistance and tuning the work function. ^[2] Silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been considered as one of the most promising flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) material for next-generation optoelectronic devices. ^[3] Electrospun metal fiber is a promising flexible transparent electrode owing to its extremely long length and facile fabrication process. ^[4]

Highly Flexible Transparent

The broad application of flexible optoelectronic devices is still hampered by the lack of an ITO-free and highly flexible transparent electrode. ^[1] The booming market of flexible electronic displays has urged the development of highly flexible transparent conductive electrodes (FTCE)1–3 with the ability to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films routinely used as transparent conductive electrodes in photoelectronic devices. ^[2] The present work, describes a ‘green’ method to fabricate a biodegradable and highly flexible transparent wood-polymer composite from poplar wood veneers and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). ^[3]

Area Flexible Transparent

Summary Designing large-area flexible transparent smart windows for high-efficiency indoor fine particulate matter (PM2. ^[1] In order to realize the mass production of the large-area flexible transparent film heater (FTFH) at low-cost, this paper presents a novel method which can achieve the direct fabrication of the large-area FTFH with Ag-grid by using an electric-field-driven jet deposition micro-scale 3D printing. ^[2]

Generation Flexible Transparent

Furthermore, the good heat and corrosion resistivity of these Al-based amorphous thin films makes them extremely promising as next-generation flexible transparent electrodes used under various environment. ^[1] PEDOT:PSS-based conductive films have emerged as promising next-generation flexible transparent electrodes. ^[2]

flexible transparent electrode

Flexible film heaters on plastic substrate is also demonstrated, suggesting a great potential of the solvent treatment process of Ag NWs for flexible transparent electrode and film heater applications. ^[1] Furthermore, the good heat and corrosion resistivity of these Al-based amorphous thin films makes them extremely promising as next-generation flexible transparent electrodes used under various environment. ^[2] PEDOT:PSS-based conductive films have emerged as promising next-generation flexible transparent electrodes. ^[3] The solution-processed flexible transparent electrode of AgNWs:PEI-Zn shows low surface roughness and good optoelectronic and mechanical properties. ^[4] The broad application of flexible optoelectronic devices is still hampered by the lack of an ITO-free and highly flexible transparent electrode. ^[5] 73% at 550 nm and a reduction in the sheet resistance were achieved using this plasma annealing from 1105 Ω/□ to 535 Ω/□ on the ITO/PEDOT:PSS nano composite making them excellent candidates to develop as cost effective flexible transparent electrodes that can be used as thin film heaters. ^[6] Graphene is a promising flexible transparent electrode, and significant progress in graphene-based optoelectronic devices has been accomplished by reducing the sheet resistance and tuning the work function. ^[7] In this study, indium-zinc oxide (IZO)/silver (Ag)/IZO (ZAZ) flexible transparent electrodes were prepared on polyethylene terephthalate substrate using radio frequency sputtering technique. ^[8] Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) play an important role in determining the performance of flexible organic solar cells (OSCs), Ag-nanowires (AgNWs) with the unique merits of high conductivity, excellent flexibility, and good thermal stability has been taken into more consideration in fabricating highly efficient FTEs. ^[9] Semi-crystalline graphene has the possible application of being flexible transparent electrodes, and the 3D shaping opens the possibility of more complex configurations and applications. ^[10] ABSTRACT Flexible transparent electrode is an irreplaceable part of flexible solar cells. ^[11] With the rapid development of flexible electronic devices (especially flexible LCD/OLED), flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) with high light transmittance, high electrical conductivity, and excellent stretchability have attracted extensive attention from researchers and businesses. ^[12] Silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been considered as one of the most promising flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) material for next-generation optoelectronic devices. ^[13] Many efforts have been made to improve the performance of flexible OSCs, including the development of flexible transparent electrodes, new organic materials, and optimization of the device structure. ^[14] Silver nanowires (Ag-NWs), which possess a high aspect ratio with superior electrical conductivity and transmittance, show great promise as flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) for future electronics. ^[15] Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks are among the most promising indium-free, flexible transparent electrodes for energy, lighting and heating devices. ^[16] Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) with an embedded metal mesh are considered a promising alternative to traditional indium tin oxide (ITO) due to their excellent photoelectric performance, surface roughness, and mechanical and environmental stability. ^[17] Although copper nanowires (Cu NWs) flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) have been considered as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation flexible electronics, its instinct electrochemical instability hindered its application in flexible electrochemical energy system, including EES device. ^[18] In this study, we present a new and simple method that utilizes post-processing such as thermal treatment and mechanical compression to manufacture a grid patterned silver nanowire (AgNW) flexible transparent electrode with low sheet resistance, high transmittance, and high flexibility. ^[19] The result exhibits the grain boundary effect of graphene on soft substrates on a macroscopic scale and a great promise toward realizing a tremendous performance improvement of graphene-based flexible transparent electrodes on a large scale. ^[20] A new ultrafast laser direct writing process to fabricate completely embedded silver mesh flexible transparent electrodes (TEs) using sputtered silver thin films and their applications for flexible transparent heaters (FTHs) are reported. ^[21] Highly oriented woven Ag-NW grids has great potential for enhancing the mechanical stabilities of flexible transparent electrodes (TEs) but few researchers reported. ^[22] Specifically, we considered that to elevate the performance of FPSCs, it is crucial to substantially improve film quality of each functional layer, develop more boost encapsulation approach and explore flexible transparent electrodes with high conductivity, transmittance, low cost and expandable processability. ^[23] This is due, in particular, to the lack of flexible transparent electrodes that simultaneously offer low resistance, high transparency and a smooth surface. ^[24] Using this method, flexible transparent electrodes were constructed on Cu micromesh-patterned plastic films with transmittance values higher than 75% and sheet resistance values below 0. ^[25] The lithographic process for flexible transparent electrodes is essential for constructing wearable optoelectronic devices with a well-defined active area. ^[26] The mechanical responses under cyclic bending of Ag nanowire composite electrodes coated with various metal oxide films of different thicknesses were explored, in an attempt to evaluate their applicability to flexible transparent electrodes. ^[27] A novel flexible transparent electrode (TE) having a trilayer-stacked geometry and high optoelectronic performance and operational stability was fabricated by the spin coating method. ^[28] By making aligned and suspended copper nanowires, a high performance, transferable, and flexible transparent electrode is reported. ^[29] Metal nanonetworks fabricated by chemical plating of metals on electrospun polymer nanofiber network templates have come into the spotlight for use as flexible transparent electrodes. ^[30] The application of metal grids as flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) in optoelectronic devices is significantly influenced by poor adhesion and thickness difference between metal and substrate, resistance distribution uniformity and high annealing temperature. ^[31] In this study, the performance stability of solution-processed flexible organic light-emitting diodes (f-OLEDs) in relation to the mechanical stability of their flexible transparent electrode (f-TE) bottom anodes and component functional layers was analyzed. ^[32] Electrospun metal fiber is a promising flexible transparent electrode owing to its extremely long length and facile fabrication process. ^[33] Highly robust and smooth silver nanowire flexible transparent electrodes (AgNW FTEs) with UV-curable polymeric resin as an overcoating layer were fabricated via successive Mayer rod method followed by UV light curing process, and the mechanical and chemical stabilities, electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) and film-heating property of the resultant overcoated AgNW FTEs were investigated. ^[34] This work demonstrated that the flexible composite electrodes of PET/Ag-mesh/PH1000:AgNWs are promising alternatives for the conventional PET/ITO electrode, and open a new avenue for developing high-performance flexible transparent electrode for optoelectronic devices. ^[35] Therefore, it is estimated that O2 plasma-treated and AgNW-coated fabrics and films can be applied to high-function smart wear, flexible transparent electrode materials, information and communication technology, and the Internet of Things(IoT). ^[36] The bilayer consists of two elements: (i) a nanoscale gate consisting of a layer of well-defined polypyridyl ruthenium complexes bound to a flexible transparent electrode, and (ii) a charge storage layer consisting of isostructural iron complexes attached to the surface of the gate. ^[37] Among recent explorations of flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) applied in photoelectric devices, Ag nanowires (AgNWs) are widely used due to the advantages of high conductivity, large-scale manufacture and superior flexibility. ^[38] Finally, the deposition methods used open the way towards stable, low-cost and flexible transparent electrodes for industrial applications. ^[39]

flexible transparent conductive

Ag nanowire suspensions are one of the indispensable materials in the design and fabrication of flexible transparent conductive films. ^[1] Flexible transparent conductive films (FTCFs) have attracted tremendous concern because it is a key component of next generation electronics and optoelectronic devices. ^[2] Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films have drawn extensive attention as one of the most promising flexible transparent conductive electrodes to replace traditional indium tin oxide. ^[3] The results from this study of curved-mechanical characteristic measurements of flexible transparent conductive substrates can provide designers with improved product development and can assist manufacturers in improving the manufacturing design of enhanced coating processes. ^[4] Metal grids have great potential in flexible transparent conductive electrodes (E-TCEs) due to their high conductivity and transparency. ^[5] Flexible transparent conductive electrodes (FTCEs) have received a great deal of attention for various applications due to their versatile ability. ^[6] The bilayer structure of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) coating on silver nanowires (AgNWs) film is a promising structure for replacing indium tin oxide (ITO) as a flexible transparent conductive electrode. ^[7] Further, AgNWs flexible transparent conductive films were fabricated by using inkjet printing process on the PET substrate, and the effects of the number printing layer, heat treatment temperature, drop frequency, and number of nozzle on the microstructures and photoelectric properties of AgNWs films were investigated in detail. ^[8] Reliable flexible transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) and high stability at the perovskite/transport layers interface are vital for increasing the performance of flexible- and stable-PSCs. ^[9] Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene (Gr) are promising materials for flexible transparent conductive films (TCFs) in optoelectronic application because of their exceptional electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. ^[10] The WO3@AgNW-PrePDMS electrode displays outstanding electrochemical stabilities and excellent bi-functionalities (flexible conductive film and electrochromic electrode): high conductivity (12 Ω/sq) as flexible transparent conductive film and wide optical modulation range (ΔT = 72% at 550 nm) as electrochromic electrode. ^[11] Metal mesh-based flexible transparent conductive electrodes have attracted much interest as one alternative to conventional indium tin oxide electrodes. ^[12] High-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) was used to deposit ITO/Ag/ITO (IAgI) and ITO/Cu/ITO (ICuI) sandwiched films on polyethylene naphthalate substrate at room temperature as flexible transparent conductive materials. ^[13] Flexible transparent conductive electrode (FTCE) is highly desirable due to the fast-growing flexible optoelectronic devices. ^[14] Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are promising candidate materials for flexible transparent conductive films (FTCFs), which are key parts in fabricating flexible optoelectronic devices. ^[15] The experimental results show that flexible transparent conductive patterns with a light transmittance of 550 nm of 83. ^[16] Silver nanowire films as a kind of bright flexible transparent conductive material are expected to have the sheet resistance as low as possible, the critically high optical transmittance and the wide range haze for different applications. ^[17] Facile strategies in flexible transparent conductive electrode materials that can sustain their electrical conductivities under 1 mm-scale radius of curvature are required for wider applications such as foldable devices. ^[18] In most electronic devices such as flexible transparent conductive electrodes, silver nanowires (AgNWs) need to be patterned with time-consuming processing. ^[19] In this paper, we systematically investigated the effects of concentration and amount of silver nanowires (AgNWs) suspension on the optoelectronic properties and microstructures of flexible transparent conductive films (FTCFs) composed of AgNWs with an average diameter of about 25 nm and length of 15. ^[20] The unstable mechanical properties of flexible transparent conductive films (TCFs) make it difficult for them to meet the requirements for displays or wearable devices. ^[21] The booming market of flexible electronic displays has urged the development of highly flexible transparent conductive electrodes (FTCE)1–3 with the ability to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films routinely used as transparent conductive electrodes in photoelectronic devices. ^[22] In order to improve the performance of silver nanowire (AgNW) flexible transparent conductive films (FTCFs), including the conductivity, uniformity, and reliability, the welding of high repetition rate femtosecond (fs) laser is applied in this work. ^[23] In this study, we fabricated ITO-free flexible ECDs by using flexible transparent conductive electrodes (TCE) based on silver nanowires (AgNWs) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate (PEDOT:PSS/AgNW/PET). ^[24] Low-cost flexible transparent conductive films (TCFs) with direct writing of metal grids have been explored as a promising alternative to conventional indium-tin-oxide-based TCFs for future flexible electronics. ^[25] Flexible transparent conductive film (TCF) is an important component in many modern smart devices. ^[26] Graphene exhibits properties of atomic thickness, high transparency, and high carrier mobility, which is highly desirable for a flexible transparent conductive material. ^[27] The flexible transparent conductive electrode fabricated with AgNWs exhibits outstanding mechanical flexibility and optoelectronic performance with a low sheet resistance of 9. ^[28]

flexible transparent electronic

As a result, it can be inferred that diffusion-induced enhanced carrier transporting mechanism is an economical and effective method to optimize the electrical performance of solution-derived InZnO/DyOx TFTs, indicating its potential application prospects in flexible transparent electronics with low power consumption. ^[1] The flourishing metal-oxide high-k dielectric materials have been regarded as the vital components of low voltage operated flexible transparent electronic devices. ^[2] This work presents various opportunities for developing high-performance flexible transparent electronics based on emerging ultrathin TCO candidates. ^[3] The challenges of making high-performance, low-temperature processed, p-type transparent conductors (TCs) have been the main bottleneck for the development of flexible transparent electronics. ^[4] The full room-temperature process further demonstrates the great potential of applying the proposed devices and the PIF platform to future high-performance flexible transparent electronics. ^[5] ALD doped ZnO is viewed as a transparent conducting oxide for application in solar cells, flexible transparent electronics, and light-emitting diodes. ^[6]

flexible transparent heater

Flexible transparent heaters based on photothermal energy conversion are highly desired for next-generation electronic devices. ^[1] Finally, a flexible transparent heater employing a hybrid film is realized. ^[2] In addition, the successful implementation of the flexible transparent heater demonstrates the practical application value of the electrode. ^[3] We believe that the results of this study is useful in the development of flexible transparent heaters, including lightweight deicing/defogging films, wearable sensors/actuators, and medical thermotherapy pads. ^[4] A flexible transparent heater was developed using the reported binary colloidal paste. ^[5] To keep up with the progress in wearable electronics, it is imperative to create flexible transparent heaters with low sheet resistance and high transmittance. ^[6]

flexible transparent conducting

Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) are currently the most likely to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) as flexible transparent conducting electrodes (FTCEs), but conventional preparation methods such as solution deposition will lead to weak conductivity and low adhesion to the substrate. ^[1] Ultra-thin and continuous metallic silver films are attracting growing interest due to the applications in flexible transparent conducting electrodes. ^[2] We demonstrated extraordinary easy and low-cost fabrication of flexible transparent conducting film (TCF) using graphite powder as conducting material. ^[3] Herein, the layer-dependent electrical and optical properties of RuO2 nanosheets films have been investigated for the application of the flexible transparent conducting electrodes due to their superior optical properties. ^[4] Metal mesh is a promising material for flexible transparent conducting electrodes due to its outstanding physical and electrical properties. ^[5]

flexible transparent film

On this basis, the masking of PVA/Gd2O3:Eu3+ (5 mol %)@BSA solution on a latent fingerprints results a flexible transparent film; a highly stable fingerprint images with well-defined ridge characteristics was developed on the film, which enabling personal individualization. ^[1] Flexible transparent film heaters (FTHs) are used in a variety of applications, including smart windows and wearable devices, because they are transparent to visible light while generating Joule heat. ^[2] Ultrathin flexible transparent film heaters (TFHs) with fast response time are fabricated by embedding single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into transparent poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film using a green all-water based solution process. ^[3] In order to realize the mass production of the large-area flexible transparent film heater (FTFH) at low-cost, this paper presents a novel method which can achieve the direct fabrication of the large-area FTFH with Ag-grid by using an electric-field-driven jet deposition micro-scale 3D printing. ^[4]

flexible transparent conductor

In the final section, we evaluate three applications of flexible transparent conductors in: perovskite-based solar cells, organic light emitting diodes and electrochromic windows. ^[1] However, pristine graphene sheets are not suitable as flexible transparent conductors and many more applications due to the presence of defects, agglomeration behavior, and grain boundaries, while having high sheet resistance which can be broken easily and facing objection for designing controlled functionality. ^[2] One key obstacle in fabricating efficient flexible and printable optoelectronic devices is the absence of ideal flexible transparent conductors with superior optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. ^[3] 8 Ω/sq, indicating a big potential for application in flexible transparent conductors. ^[4]

flexible transparent thin

67 at%Cr/Zn–SnOx multilayer thin film with reliable and reversible heating performance as a flexible transparent thin film heater was fabricated. ^[1] A flexible transparent thin film was developed by embedding complex 1 into poly(urethane) (PU) polymer. ^[2]

flexible transparent substrate

Flexible transparent substrate materials, which was able to withstand high dynamic strain, in contrast to traditional substrate materials. ^[1] Solution-processed metal oxides have been investigated as an alternative to vacuum-based oxides to implement low-cost, high-performance electronic devices on flexible transparent substrates. ^[2]

flexible transparent supercapacitor

PEDOT:PSS-glued MoO3 nanowires were anchored on AgNFs network to build all-solid-state flexible transparent supercapacitors with high performances. ^[1] Hierarchically ordered structures with low tortuosity, excellent mechanical flexibility, high optical transparency, and outstanding electrical conductivity are critically important in developing flexible transparent supercapacitor electrodes for innovative applications in electronics and displays. ^[2]

flexible transparent wood

Herein, inspired by a bioluminescent noctiluca, a wood-based e-skin with instrument- and naked eye-readable characteristics was sandwich assembled using silver nanowires and a super-flexible transparent wood (STW) film as an electrode and a pyramidal microstructure polydimethlysiloxane film as a stimuli-responsive layer. ^[1] The present work, describes a ‘green’ method to fabricate a biodegradable and highly flexible transparent wood-polymer composite from poplar wood veneers and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). ^[2]

flexible transparent electromagnetic

Silver nanowire (Ag NW) has been considered as the best material to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) to fabricate flexible transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding films due to its superior comprehensive performance. ^[1] Flexible transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials in visual windows are essential for the innovation of optoelectronic devices. ^[2]