Dna Prime(脫氧核糖核酸)到底是什麼？
Dna Prime 脫氧核糖核酸 - A DNA primer containing an artificial nucleoside analogue that stabilizes O6-methylguanine in the duplex allowed replication of DNA by an engineered DNA polymerase only when the artificial nucleotide was paired with O6-methylguanine. [1] This chapter revises our current knowledge about the mechanism of synthesis of DNA primers by human PrimPol, and the importance of its distinctive Zn-finger domain (ZnFD). [2] In this strategy, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-catalyzed DNA extension reaction is used to prepare a thick DNA layer on a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) surface by extending long poly(C) sequences from DNA primers immobilized on AuNPs. [3] Thus, silica-induced self-DNA primes the host response to M. [4] Here, using the data obtained from four macaque studies, we show that the DNA prime/modified vaccinia Ankara boost vaccine induced interferon γ (IFNγ+) CD4 T cells [T helper 1 (TH1) cells] rapidly migrate to multiple tissues including colon, cervix, and vaginal mucosa. [5] We reisolated the pathogen from the symptomatic tissues and confirmed it to be Pcb using PCR with 16S rDNA primers. [6] Upon telomerase introduction, a DNA primer was elongated in the presence of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, accompanying formation of the by-product (pyrophosphate ion; P2O74-). [7] Here we vaccinated rhesus macaques (RMs) with a recombinant (r)DNA prime (without any exogenous adjuvant), followed by a booster with rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV)−a herpesvirus that establishes persistent infection in RMs (Group 1). [8] The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a fusion gene-based DNA prime-protein boost vaccination strategy to improve the efficacy of both DNA and subunit vaccines against Newcastle disease virus (NDV). [9] Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with PSA detection antibodies and DNA primers are introduced. [10] Further boosting with recombinant E1E2 proteins but not DNA nor virus-like particles (VLPs) expressing E1E2 increased the immunogenicity of the DNA prime-boost regimen. [11] We found that widely-used 18S rDNA primers can amplify numerous stretches of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, preventing the high-throughput detection of rare eukaryotic species, particularly in bacteria-rich samples such as faecal material. [12] The results showed that both SeV85AB prime-DNA boost (SeV85AB-DNA) and DNA prime-SeV85AB boost (DNA-SeV85AB) vaccination strategies significantly enhanced the antigen-specific T cell responses induced by the separate vaccines. [13] We newly designed a pair of oligotrich-specific LSU rDNA primers covering the 600-bp D1/D2 region, and it was effective for detecting oligotrich species. [14] Here, we tested a cDNA encoding a phosphoglycerate kinase from Fasciola hepatica (cDNA-FhPGK/pCMV) as a vaccine against ovine fasciolosis and investigated whether a DNA prime/protein boost regime or CTLA-4 (cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4) mediated targeting improved DNA vaccine efficacy. [15] The trial tested a HIV-1 subtype C vaccine in a prime-boost regimen, comprising of a DNA prime (ADVAX) and Modified Vaccine Ankara (MVA) (TBC-M4) boost. [16] The DNA primer (P8) was then attached to T30, and the second strand was subsequently elongated by DNA polymerase assembling nucleotides from the surrounding fluid. [17] Optimized PCR was performed using specific kDNA primers on all the slides. [18] Here, to establish a complete kinetic framework for the reaction and to identify conditions that more efficiently capture acceptor RNAs or DNAs, we used a thermostable group II intron RT (TGIRT; GsI–IIC RT) that can template switch directly from synthetic RNA template/DNA primer duplexes having either a blunt end or a 3′-DNA overhang end. [19] As object of the study, DNA primers and PCR products of Trichinella britovi and Trichinella spiralis were chosen. [20] An integrase‐defective SIV (idSIV) vaccine delivered by a DNA prime and viral particle boost approach can suppress viral loads (VLs) during the acute infection stage after intravenous SIVmac239 challenge. [21] Here, we show that purified hpol η adds rNTPs to DNA primers at physiological rNTP concentrations and in the presence of competing dNTPs. [22] This was done with generic fungal ITS rDNA primers, as well as Endogonales- and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-selective primer sets targeting the 18S rDNA, and generic bacterial primers targeting the V4 region of the 16S rDNA. [23] In this study, we hypothesized that a DNA prime with naked plasmids encoding PRRSV antigens containing conserved T-cell epitopes may improve the protection of MLV against a heterologous challenge. [24] The DNA primer pairs which were drawn so far are not specific and a genomic region of the same size is amplified for both species or they are too specific, and in this case, the DNA of a single species is amplified. [25] aeruginosa DNA in seven isolates by using 16SrDNA primers at 956bp. [26] Here, we used the ability of a thermostable group II intron RT (TGIRT; GsI-IIC RT) to template switch directly from synthetic RNA template/DNA primer duplexes having either a blunt end or a 3’-DNA overhang end to establish a complete kinetic framework for the reaction and identify conditions that more efficiently capture acceptor RNAs or DNAs. [27] Furthermore, we evaluated changes in the LSPR absorption peaks of Ag@Au1 BNPs and bare Ag NPs in the presence of a DNA primer decamer at fM concentrations, to find that Ag@Au1 BNPs were more sensitive biosensor chips within a short response time as compared to bare Ag NPs. [28] Napredna primena ultrazvucne diјagnostike јe dovela do toga da se u danasnje vreme slobodno mogu povezati broјna patoloska stanja reproduktivnog trakta kako ženskih, tako i muskih životinja, koјa direktno uticu na zdravstveno stanje ostalih unutrasnjih organa. [29] Certain inherited diseases, caused by single nucleotide mutations, however, are difficult to identify by PCR, using DNA primers and probes, in a situation where a false diagnosis may lead to incorrect or delayed treatment. [30] Mice immunized with DNA prime-protein boost vaccine with nano-adjuvants produce more vigorous specific lymphoproliferative responses than mice immunized with other antigen formulations. [31] DNA prime and vectors and/or protein boost regimens are at less advanced development stage. [32] The cE80 DNA vaccine was administrated using either a homologous (DNA alone, DDD) or heterologous (DNA prime-protein boost: DDP or DPP) regimen, and evaluated for immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mice. [33] Then, Cu(OH)2 nanocages with fine regulation were used as the label to capture the secondary antibody for immunoreaction and the DNA primer for propagation, followed by using hybridization chain reaction to amplify the DNA primer, thus numerous DNAzymes (G-quadruplex/hemin) can be formed on the surface of Cu(OH)2 nanocages with the aid of hemin. [34] Based on a conventional sandwich-type immunoreaction on beads, the detection antibodies were conjugated with DNA primers, so RCA could be implemented to generate long-stranded DNA with abundant repeated sequences allowing for hybridization with fluorochrome-labeled oligonucleotide probes. [35] BALB/c mice were immunized with a DNA prime‐protein boost immunization strategy and challenged with a newly isolated Leishmania strain from an individual with visceral leishmaniasis. [36] However, the effect of IL-21 as a vaccine adjuvant on the quantity and quality of antigen-specific Abs elicited by DNA prime and MVA boost vaccine, a commonly used vaccine strategy, remains unknown. [37] To this aim, graphene oxide nanocolloids (GONCs) were first conjugated to the DNA primers either by physical adsorption or by the formation of a covalent bond. [38] DNA primers were chemically modified by methacrylamide, which were used as modular primers in PCR to hybridize with template plasmid DNA, yielding methacrylamide functionalized gene (Acry-gene). [39] DNA was extracted from these sorted cells from both stations for PCR amplification using 16S rDNA primers. [40] All growing colonies were identified using MALDI-TOF (Bruker; matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight), and the entire bacterial microbiota composition was determined in the first sample by PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis), using 16 rDNA primers and selective nucleotide sequencing. [41] The representative of each LAB cluster was amplified using 16S rDNA primer then sequenced. [42] Followed by DNA extraction, Multiplex PCR reactions were performed using specific 16srDNA primers for S. [43] In many studies, viral vectors were combined with a DNA prime or a protein boost. [44] In a pilot NHP study, immunogenicity of RV-HIV viruses used as a prime or boost for DNA or NYVAC candidates was compared to a DNA prime/NYVAC boost benchmark scheme when administered together with adjuvanted gp120 protein. [45] A large fraction of DNA primers is released by the analyte from the bar to the supernatant and open hairpins with G-quadruplex DNA sequence. [46]僅當人工核苷酸與 O6-甲基鳥嘌呤配對時，含有穩定雙鏈中 O6-甲基鳥嘌呤的人工核苷類似物的 DNA 引物才允許通過工程 DNA 聚合酶複製 DNA。 [1] 本章修訂了我們目前關於人類 PrimPol 合成 DNA 引物的機制的知識，以及其獨特的鋅指結構域 (ZnFD) 的重要性。 [2] 在該策略中，末端脫氧核苷酸轉移酶 (TdT) 催化的 DNA 延伸反應用於通過從固定在 AuNP 上的 DNA 引物延伸長 poly(C) 序列，在金納米顆粒 (AuNP) 表面製備厚 DNA 層。 [3] 因此，二氧化矽誘導的自身 DNA 引發了宿主對 M. [4] 在這裡，使用從四項獼猴研究中獲得的數據，我們表明 DNA 引發/修飾的痘苗安卡拉加強疫苗誘導干擾素 γ (IFNγ+) CD4 T 細胞 [T helper 1 (TH1) 細胞] 迅速遷移到包括結腸在內的多個組織，子宮頸和陰道黏膜。 [5] 我們從有症狀的組織中重新分離了病原體，並使用帶有 16S rDNA 引物的 PCR 確認它是 Pcb。 [6] 在端粒酶引入後，DNA 引物在脫氧核糖核苷三磷酸存在下被拉長，伴隨著副產物（焦磷酸離子；P2O74-）的形成。 [7] 在這裡，我們用重組 (r)DNA 啟動子（沒有任何外源佐劑）給恒河猴 (RM) 接種疫苗，然後用恒河猴 rhadinovirus (RRV) 加強免疫 - 一種在 RM 中建立持續感染的皰疹病毒（第 1 組）。 [8] 本研究的目的是開發和評估基於融合基因的 DNA 啟動蛋白加強疫苗接種策略，以提高 DNA 和亞單位疫苗對新城疫病毒 (NDV) 的功效。 [9] 介紹了用 PSA 檢測抗體和 DNA 引物功能化的金納米粒子 (AuNP)。 [10] 用重組 E1E2 蛋白而不是 DNA 或表達 E1E2 的病毒樣顆粒 (VLP) 進一步加強增加了 DNA 初次加強方案的免疫原性。 [11] 我們發現廣泛使用的 18S rDNA 引物可以擴增細菌 16S rRNA 基因的大量片段，從而阻止對稀有真核物種的高通量檢測，特別是在富含細菌的樣本（如糞便材料）中。 [12] 結果表明，SeV85AB prime-DNA boost (SeV85AB-DNA) 和 DNA prime-SeV85AB boost (DNA-SeV85AB) 疫苗接種策略均顯著增強了單獨疫苗誘導的抗原特異性 T 細胞反應。 [13] 我們新設計了一對寡核苷酸特異性 LSU rDNA 引物，覆蓋 600 bp D1/D2 區域，可有效檢測寡核苷酸物種。 [14] 在這裡，我們測試了編碼肝片狀吸蟲 (cDNA-FhPGK/pCMV) 的磷酸甘油酸激酶的 cDNA 作為羊片狀吸蟲病的疫苗，並研究了 DNA 引發/蛋白質增強方案或 CTLA-4（細胞毒性淋巴細胞抗原 4）是否介導靶向改善的 DNA疫苗效力。 [15] 該試驗在初免加強方案中測試了 HIV-1 C 亞型疫苗，包括 DNA 初免 (ADVAX) 和改良疫苗安卡拉 (MVA) (TBC-M4) 加強。 [16] 然後將 DNA 引物 (P8) 連接到 T30 上，隨後通過 DNA 聚合酶從周圍流體中組裝核苷酸來延長第二條鏈。 [17] 在所有載玻片上使用特定的 kDNA 引物進行優化的 PCR。 [18] 在這裡，為了建立反應的完整動力學框架並確定更有效地捕獲受體 RNA 或 DNA 的條件，我們使用了熱穩定的 II 組內含子 RT（TGIRT；GsI-IIC RT），它可以直接從合成 RNA 模板轉換/具有平端或 3'-DNA 突出端的 DNA 引物雙鏈體。 [19] 作為研究對象，選擇了旋毛蟲和旋毛蟲的DNA引物和PCR產物。 [20] 通過 DNA 引發和病毒顆粒加強方法遞送的整合酶缺陷型 SIV (idSIV) 疫苗可以在靜脈 SIVmac239 攻擊後的急性感染階段抑制病毒載量 (VLs)。 [21] 在這裡，我們展示了純化的 hpol η 在生理 rNTP 濃度和存在競爭性 dNTP 的情況下將 rNTP 添加到 DNA 引物中。 [22] 這是通過通用真菌 ITS rDNA 引物，以及針對 18S rDNA 的內皮單胞菌和叢枝菌根真菌 (AMF) 選擇性引物組以及針對 16S rDNA V4 區域的通用細菌引物完成的。 [23] 在這項研究中，我們假設帶有編碼含有保守 T 細胞表位的 PRRSV 抗原的裸質粒的 DNA 引發可以提高 MLV 對異源攻擊的保護。 [24] 到目前為止繪製的 DNA 引物對不是特異性的，並且對於兩個物種都擴增了相同大小的基因組區域，或者它們過於特異性，在這種情況下，單個物種的 DNA 會被擴增。 [25] 使用 956bp 的 16SrDNA 引物對 7 個分離株中的銅綠假單胞菌 DNA。 [26] 在這裡，我們使用熱穩定性 II 組內含子 RT (TGIRT；GsI-IIC RT) 直接從具有平端或 3'-DNA 突出端的合成 RNA 模板/DNA 引物雙鏈進行模板轉換的能力，以建立完整的反應的動力學框架，並確定更有效地捕獲受體 RNA 或 DNA 的條件。 [27] 此外，我們評估了在 fM 濃度的 DNA 引物十聚體存在下 Ag@Au1 BNP 和裸 Ag NPs 的 LSPR 吸收峰的變化，發現 Ag@Au1 BNP 在較短的響應時間內是更敏感的生物傳感器芯片。裸Ag NPs。 [28] 超聲診斷技術的先進應用導致當今雌雄動物生殖道的許多病理狀況可以自由關聯，直接影響其他內臟器官的健康。 [29] 然而，某些由單核苷酸突變引起的遺傳性疾病很難通過 PCR、使用 DNA 引物和探針來識別，在這種情況下，錯誤診斷可能導致不正確或延遲治療。 [30] 與用其他抗原製劑免疫的小鼠相比，用含有納米佐劑的 DNA 引發蛋白加強疫苗免疫的小鼠產生更強烈的特異性淋巴增殖反應。 [31] DNA 啟動和載體和/或蛋白質增強方案處於不太先進的開發階段。 [32] cE80 DNA 疫苗使用同源（單獨的 DNA，DDD）或異源（DNA 初始蛋白加強：DDP 或 DPP）方案進行管理，並評估了小鼠的免疫原性和保護功效。 [33] 然後，以具有精細調控的Cu(OH)2納米籠為標記，捕獲免疫反應的二抗和增殖的DNA引物，再利用雜交鍊式反應擴增DNA引物，從而產生大量DNA核酶（G-quadruplex/氯化血紅素可以在 Cu(OH)2 納米籠的表面形成。 [34] 基於珠子上的傳統夾心型免疫反應，檢測抗體與 DNA 引物結合，因此可以實施 RCA 以產生具有豐富重複序列的長鏈 DNA，從而與熒光染料標記的寡核苷酸探針雜交。 [35] BALB/c 小鼠採用 DNA 初始-蛋白質加強免疫策略進行免疫，並用來自內臟利甚曼病個體的新分離的利甚曼原蟲菌株進行攻擊。 [36] 然而，IL-21 作為疫苗佐劑對 DNA 引發和 MVA 加強疫苗（一種常用的疫苗策略）引發的抗原特異性 Abs 的數量和質量的影響仍然未知。 [37] 為此，首先通過物理吸附或形成共價鍵將氧化石墨烯納米膠體 (GONC) 與 DNA 引物結合。 [38] DNA引物經甲基丙烯酰胺化學修飾，作為PCR中的模塊化引物與模板質粒DNA雜交，得到甲基丙烯酰胺功能化基因（Acry-gene）。 [39] 使用 16S rDNA 引物從兩個站的這些分選細胞中提取 DNA 用於 PCR 擴增。 [40] 使用 MALDI-TOF（Bruker；基質輔助激光解吸/電離飛行時間）鑑定所有生長的菌落，並通過 PCR-DGGE（聚合酶鏈反應變性梯度凝膠電泳）測定第一個樣品中的整個細菌微生物群組成)，使用 16 條 rDNA 引物和選擇性核苷酸測序。 [41] 使用 16S rDNA 引物擴增每個 LAB 簇的代表，然後進行測序。 [42] 隨後進行 DNA 提取，使用特定的 16srDNA 引物進行多重 PCR 反應。 [43] 在許多研究中，病毒載體與 DNA 啟動或蛋白質增強相結合。 [44] 在 NHP 試點研究中，將 RV-HIV 病毒用作 DNA 或 NYVAC 候選者的初免或加強免疫原性與 DNA 初免/NYVAC 加強基準方案與佐劑 gp120 蛋白一起給藥時進行了比較。 [45] 大部分 DNA 引物被分析物從棒釋放到上清液和具有 G-四鏈體 DNA 序列的開放髮夾。 [46]
random amplified polymorphic 隨機擴增多態性
marinum collected from five Tunisian bioclimatic sites were screened for polymorphism with 13 selected random amplified polymorphic DNA primers. [1] Four random amplified polymorphic DNA primers polymorphism were detected among the treatment groups. [2] Successful PCR amplification with random amplified polymorphic DNA primer, NPTII gene, and the complete digestion of the isolated DNA with the HindIII restriction enzyme validated the quality of the isolated DNA. [3]用 13 種選擇的隨機擴增多態性 DNA 引物篩選從五個突尼斯生物氣候站點收集的 marinum 的多態性。 [1] 在治療組中檢測到4個隨機擴增的多態性DNA引物多態性。 [2] nan [3]
kinetic results demonstrating 動力學結果表明
HIV-1 RT ternary crystal structures with (−)-FTC-TP and (−)-3TC-TP corroborate kinetic results demonstrating that their oxathiolane sulfur orients toward the DNA primer 3′-terminus and their triphosphate exists in two different binding conformations. [1] HIV-1 RT ternary crystal structures with (-)-FTC-TP and (-)-3TC-TP corroborate kinetic results demonstrating that their oxathiolane sulfur orients toward the DNA primer 3'-terminus and their triphosphate exists in two different binding conformations. [2] HIV-1 RT ternary crystal structures with (−)-FTC-TP and (−)-3TC-TP corroborate kinetic results demonstrating that their oxathiolane sulfur orients toward the DNA primer 3′-terminus and their triphosphate exists in two different binding conformations. [3]具有 (-)-FTC-TP 和 (-)-3TC-TP 的 HIV-1 RT 三元晶體結構證實了動力學結果表明它們的氧雜硫雜環戊烷硫朝向 DNA 引物 3'-末端定向，並且它們的三磷酸鹽以兩種不同的結合構象存在。 [1] 具有 (-)-FTC-TP 和 (-)-3TC-TP 的 HIV-1 RT 三元晶體結構證實了動力學結果，表明它們的氧雜硫雜環戊烷硫朝向 DNA 引物 3'-末端，並且它們的三磷酸鹽以兩種不同的結合構象存在。 [2] nan [3]
Polymorphic Dna Prime 多態 DNA Prime
marinum collected from five Tunisian bioclimatic sites were screened for polymorphism with 13 selected random amplified polymorphic DNA primers. [1] Four random amplified polymorphic DNA primers polymorphism were detected among the treatment groups. [2] Successful PCR amplification with random amplified polymorphic DNA primer, NPTII gene, and the complete digestion of the isolated DNA with the HindIII restriction enzyme validated the quality of the isolated DNA. [3]用 13 種選擇的隨機擴增多態性 DNA 引物篩選從五個突尼斯生物氣候站點收集的 marinum 的多態性。 [1] 在治療組中檢測到4個隨機擴增的多態性DNA引物多態性。 [2] nan [3]
Specific Dna Prime 特定的 DNA Prime
The method termed On-Slide "Rolling circle Enhanced Enzyme Activity Detection (REEAD)" relies on the specific capture and lysis of CD133 positive cells on glass slides dual functionalized with anti-CD133 antibodies and a specific DNA primer. [1] The duplex system included two types of specific DNA primers and fluorescent probes: the 1st was for identifying of the event-specific EH92-527-1 DNA, the 2nd was for identifying of the taxon-specific potato gene Stp23. [2]稱為 On-Slide“滾環增強酶活性檢測 (REEAD)”的方法依賴於 CD133 陽性細胞在載玻片上的特異性捕獲和裂解，該載玻片用抗 CD133 抗體和特異性 DNA 引物雙重功能化。 [1] 該雙鏈系統包括兩種特異性DNA引物和熒光探針：第一種用於鑑定事件特異性EH92-527-1 DNA，第二種用於鑑定馬鈴薯類群特異性基因Stp23。 [2]
dna prime followed Dna Prime 已關注
Utilizing a novel interferon-induced protein 10 (IP-10)-adjuvanted HIV-1 DNA prime followed by a monophosphoryl lipid A and QS-21 (MPLA+QS-21)-adjuvanted Env protein boost (DIP-10 PALFQ) in macaques, we observed higher anti-Env serum IgG titers with greater cross-clade reactivity, specificity for V1V2, and effector functions than in macaques primed with DNA lacking IP-10 and boosted with MPLA-plus-alum-adjuvanted Env protein (DPALFA) The DIP-10 PALFQ vaccine regimen elicited higher anti-Env IgG1 and lower IgG4 antibody levels in serum, showing for the first time that adjuvants can dramatically impact the IgG subclass profile in macaques. [1] Subjects were randomized to receive one of the following vaccination regimens: trivalent hemagglutinin (HA) DNA prime followed by trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3) boost with a 3. [2] However, we show for the first time that SIV gag delivered in a DNA prime followed by a boost with an rAd vector confers resistance to SIV intrarectal challenge. [3] BALB/c mice were immunized with DNA vaccine alone, protein vaccine alone, and DNA prime followed by recombinant protein boost immunization strategy, respectively. [4]在獼猴中使用新型乾擾素誘導蛋白 10 (IP-10)-佐劑 HIV-1 DNA 啟動子，然後是單磷酰脂質 A 和 QS-21 (MPLA+QS-21)-佐劑 Env 蛋白增強 (DIP-10 PALFQ) ，我們觀察到與用缺乏 IP-10 的 DNA 引發並用 MPLA 加明礬佐劑 Env 蛋白 (DPALFA) 加強的獼猴相比，具有更高的抗 Env 血清 IgG 滴度，具有更高的交叉進化枝反應性、V1V2 特異性和效應功能。 DIP-10 PALFQ 疫苗方案在血清中引發了更高的抗 Env IgG1 和更低的 IgG4 抗體水平，這首次表明佐劑可以顯著影響獼猴的 IgG 亞類譜。 [1] 受試者被隨機分配接受以下疫苗接種方案之一：三價血凝素 (HA) DNA 初免，然後是三價滅活流感疫苗 (IIV3) 加強免疫，接種 3。 [2] 然而，我們首次表明，SIV gag 在 DNA 啟動中遞送，然後用 rAd 載體加強，賦予對 SIV 直腸內攻擊的抗性。 [3] BALB/c 小鼠分別用單獨的 DNA 疫苗、單獨的蛋白質疫苗和 DNA 引髮劑免疫，然後分別採用重組蛋白質加強免疫策略。 [4]