Introduction to Dilute Gas

We consider a dilute gas of bosons with repulsive contact interactions, described on the mean-field level by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, and bounded by an impenetrable "hard" wall (either rigid or flexible).

The model was based on the two-fluid theory considering momentum, heat, and mass transfer between the solid and gas phases for a dilute gas–solid suspension flow and for which solid interactions were neglected.

By controlling the external magnetic fields the transitions from a dilute gas of free anyons to various collective states of interacting ones are observed.

On the contrary, recently it has been claimed that the ground state of $^{12}$C is also well described by a nonlocalized cluster model without any of the geometrical configurations originally proposed to explain the dilute gas-like Hoyle state, which is now considered to be a Bose-Einstein condensate of $\alpha$ clusters.

The Boltzmann equation is the fundamental equation for dilute gases, while the Navier–Stokes (NS) equations are used for the description of continuum flow at $$\mathrm {Kn}_\mathrm{p}\le 10^{-3}$$Knp≤10-3.

The expression of the chemical potential for dilute gases is also shown.

While the nature of topological fluctuations in the confined phase is still unsettled, at temperatures well above that for the chiral phase transition, they can be described by a dilute gas of instantons.

In this article, we examine the effect of a transpiration interface on these correlations—specifically, we consider a dilute gas in a domain bisected by the interface.

Semiconductor photocatalytic technology has great potential for the removal of dilute gaseous NO in indoor and outdoor atmospheres but suffers from unsatisfactory NO-removal selectivity due to undesirable NO2 byproduct generation.

Heat transfers in dilute gas-particle mixtures are often modeled using hybrid Euler–Lagrange descriptions, treating the carrier fluid via an Eulerian representation and following each particle in a Lagrangian framework.

Current codes assume that gas behaves as a dilute gas, but the pressure effect is more pronounced at temperatures lower than ten times the critical temperature of each pure gas.

In particular, by analyzing eigenmodes of the staggerd and overlap Dirac operator we show that the dilute gas of calorons in the high temperature phase is very unlikely to play a major role in localization.

While both of these tacks promise improvements in applications, such as remote sensing and directed energy, they open up fundamental issues regarding the standard model used to calculate the nonlinear optical properties of dilute gases.

A Bose–Einstein condensate is the ground state of a dilute gas of bosons, such as atoms cooled to temperatures close to absolute zero1.

The obvious failure of the classical second virial coefficient determined for dilute gas (g) phase to represent the actual predominance of repulsive collective interactions between particles in the so-called overheated v-phase (termed the interphase by CVL-methodology) needs the additional experimental and/or simulation confirmation.

The Boltzmann equation is a fundamental kinetic equation that describes the dynamics of dilute gas.

On the one hand, the nanoconstriction is conceived as a dilute (degenerate) Fermi gas (relatively low electron concentrations are considered) and, on the other hand, non-dilute gas is considered.

There are technical challenges to giving a description of the thermal equilibrium of a dilute gas of such solitons.

Rosenfeld proposed two different scaling approaches to model the transport properties of fluids, separated by twenty-two years, one valid in the dilute gas, and another in the liquid phase.

Recent experiments with rotational diffusion of a probe in a vibrated granular media revealed a rich scenario, ranging from a dilute gas to a dense liquid with cage effects and an unexpected superdiffusive behavior at large times.

Both for a more homogeneous gas and a very inhomogeneous gas containing both dense clumps and channels with low gas density, the ionized region in the dilute gas above the galactic plane can cease to be radiation-bounded, allowing the ionizing radiation to leak into the intergalactic medium.

This paper explores the relationship between momentum accommodation of nanoparticles in dilute gases and surface adsorption.

Persimmon fruit are known to result in phytobezoars, a relation attributed to a soluble tannin called ‘Shibuol’, which forms a coagulum when the astringent unripe fruit comes into contact with dilute gastric acid.

A method is proposed for the calculation of bulk viscosity, μ_{b}, of dilute gases using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations.

In a dilute gas of triplet magnetoexcitons, complete thermalization does not occur because the energy and momentum cannot be conserved simultaneously.

The airflow quality and the related mass flow rate in the ventilation system should be sufficient to dilute gases and remove dust inside the tunnel.