Introduction to Circumferential Crack

What is/are Circumferential Crack?

Circumferential Crack - Circumferential cracks in the host pipe were also successfully spanned under water pressure and pipe bending. ^[1] Two types of micro-cracks including axial crack and circumferential crack, which both could happen in the reality operations, are considered. ^[2] Due to the centrosymmetric structure of the flexible annular disk, two typical cracks are studied in this paper; one is radial crack parallel to diameter, including radial closed crack (RC-crack) and radial opening crack (RO-crack); the other one is vertical crack perpendicular to diameter, including circumferential crack (CF-crack) and tangential crack (TG-crack). ^[3] , the droop-like cracking in the thickness and at the vicinity of hole, the wrinkling in peak-to-valley with partial cracking on the peaks, and the circumferential cracking. ^[4] Field transfer matrix is developed for straight pipeline conveying fluid, and point transfer matrix is derived for circumferential cracks damage based on spring hinge model, which could estimate the equivalent rotational stiffness by local flexibility coefficient method. ^[5] 658 GW cm−2, the single layer fragmentation, multiple layer fragmentation, circumferential crack, and radial cracks occur in that sequence. ^[6] Heat exchanger tubes in industrial pressure vessels typically require periodic inspection, and detection of circumferential cracks is one of the foremost issues. ^[7] For indented ice sheet bending failures, analytical ice load models have been developed by assuming a radial-before-circumferential cracking pattern. ^[8] For the tests above the ballistic limit, the plug fracture in the front plate of the RSW specimen could be caused by the thinning-induced necking in the BM near the HAZ, while the plug fracture in the rear plate of the RSW specimens may be consist of the circumferential cracking from the rear surface and the bending fracture of the hinged part of material. ^[9] The macroscopic and mesoscopic analyses reveal that the failure mechanism of WIZ under complicated unloading stress paths lays in the accumulation and propagation of axial and circumferential cracks and fractures, as well as pervasive particle breakage, with the intergranular fractures, transcrystalline fractures, and the shear scratches on a meso level. ^[10] The formation of circumferential cracks and higher porosity are the major issues of this process. ^[11] First, based on the J-integral and displacement extrapolation methods, the stress intensity factors of thin-walled cylindrical shells with circumferential cracks and compound cracks are studied using linear elastic fracture mechanics, respectively. ^[12] In thermal power generation equipment, circumferential cracking in boiler tubes due to thermal cycling is a problem. ^[13] % alumina resulted in the formation of circumferential cracks followed by lower plate fracture at low loading levels, and joints tested at higher loading magnitudes promoted pull-out fracture mode in nugget zones. ^[14] Piping system elbow study is the most important part in all fields of hydrocarbons transportation which presents the behaviour of circumferential crack at elbow extrados. ^[15] The fatigue life curve and fatigue limit were predicted by assuming that the notch was equivalent to a circumferential crack. ^[16] By comparing orifices with different shapes, it was found that the discharge from the circumferential crack was most sensitive to the main pipe flow velocity. ^[17] The failure is in the form of circumferential cracks in the vicinity of the weld. ^[18] The reason for the failure of this batch pipe is that, a large number of circumferential cracks appear on the outer wall of the pipe under the external force dominated by the bending stress, which reduced the overall internal pressure performance and caused the leakage failure of the pipe line. ^[19] Under small break condition, the circumferential cracks are safer than axial cracks. ^[20] Cracks, including radial and circumferential cracks, will appear on the surface of the glass material after the head impacts on the windshield. ^[21] Motivated by this need, the current paper focuses on the bending failures of a semi-infinite ice sheet, with a breaking pattern of radial before circumferential cracking. ^[22] The fracture of the Stellite coating samples mainly occurred in the light zone, which was caused by the formation and growth of circumferential crack and radial crack under high temperature and pressure conditions. ^[23] The results show that the circumferential crack of the convection tube belongs to fatigue fracture. ^[24] This study proposed a long-range non-destructive pipe inspection approach using linearly-polarized circular TE11 mode microwaves, enabling rapid detection of both axial and circumferential cracks on the inner surface of a metallic pipe. ^[25] Combining with the detection data of multiple highway tunnels in the field, the different types of tunnel cracks are divided, and the classification numerical statistics method is used to obtain that the number and length of annular cracks in highway tunnel cracks are significantly higher than those of the other two kinds of cracks, and the longitudinal cracks in tunnel crack cracking degree are greater than the circumferential cracks and the inclinded cracks. ^[26] In this paper, the optical method of transmitted caustics is extended to study the stress singularity at the tip of a circumferential crack in a PMMA cylindrical shell. ^[27] During the nanoindentation, it is noticed that the circumferential cracking and delamination occur in the coating and interface, respectively. ^[28] 5 μm) were adopted to better simulate the real crack, where both axial and circumferential crack were considered. ^[29] Experiments are performed on artificial defects on the cladding tube of real control rods to simulate short-circumferential grooves (SCGs), sliding wears (SWs), and circumferential cracks (CCs). ^[30]

stress intensity factor

In this paper, mode I stress intensity factors (SIFs) are calculated numerically by finite element software ANSYS, for a single semi-elliptical circumferential crack on a thick cylinder. ^[1] By evaluating the evolution of the radial and circumferential cracks, we find that maximum stress intensity factor for the radial crack is larger than the circumferential crack, both for internal and external cracks, which indicates that the radial crack is more dangerous than the circumferential crack for a cylindrical anode. ^[2] The computed Mode-I stress intensity factor and the measured fracture load are used to quantify the geometry factor for different depths of spiral crack in cylindrical specimens following Benthem’s circumferential crack solution approach. ^[3] In this study, the strength evaluation method of bonded round bar with adhesive layer is proposed by using the stress intensity factor of the circumferential crack near the interface and the circumferential interface crack in the bonded round bar. ^[4] In this study, the stress intensity factors of the circumferential crack near the interface and the circumferential interface crack are analysed by the crack tip stress method. ^[5]

thermo mechanically induced

Two types of thermo-mechanically induced cracks were observed; radial cracks formed during heating and circumferential cracks that are formed during cooling. ^[1] This works aims at eliminating the formation of thermo-mechanically induced circumferential cracks in metallized through-glass via (TGV) substrates, aided by fundamental understanding the root cause for their formation. ^[2] This work aims at understanding and eliminating thermo-mechanically induced circumferential cracks that form during cooling for a 400 °C annealed copper (Cu) through-glass via (TGV) with a mean outer diameter of $47. ^[3]

Wall Circumferential Crack

The purpose of this study is to investigate bending moment and the axial load capacity of a pressurized pipe suffering from a through-wall circumferential crack repaired by a composite sleeve. ^[1] To extend the range of validity of parameter ‘T’ as a function of ‘q’, experimental results of six piping components with through-wall circumferential crack made of SA333 Grade 6 steel tested earlier were also used similarly. ^[2]

Induced Circumferential Crack

This works aims at eliminating the formation of thermo-mechanically induced circumferential cracks in metallized through-glass via (TGV) substrates, aided by fundamental understanding the root cause for their formation. ^[1] This work aims at understanding and eliminating thermo-mechanically induced circumferential cracks that form during cooling for a 400 °C annealed copper (Cu) through-glass via (TGV) with a mean outer diameter of $47. ^[2]

circumferential crack near

In this study, the strength evaluation method of bonded round bar with adhesive layer is proposed by using the stress intensity factor of the circumferential crack near the interface and the circumferential interface crack in the bonded round bar. ^[1] In this study, the stress intensity factors of the circumferential crack near the interface and the circumferential interface crack are analysed by the crack tip stress method. ^[2]