Introduction to Change Mitigation

On the other hand, organic fertilization is recommended to maintain or improve soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks while contributing to climate change mitigation.

Despite the general agreement that maximizing carbon storage and its persistence in forest soils are top priorities in the context of climate change mitigation, our knowledge on how to steer soil organic carbon (SOC) through forest management remains limited.

Soil organic matter (SOM) performs an essential function in soil fertility, biomass and crop productivity, environmental sustainability, and climate change mitigation.

To improve soil health and to aid in climate change mitigation, the quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) should be maintained or increased over the long run.

The demands for climate change mitigation are mainly concentrated in technology and capital, and the priority areas are energy and electricity and waste management; for climate change adaptation, the demands differ significantly among regions.

The EU Taxonomy Regulation establishes six environmental objectives: Climate change mitigation, Climate change adaptation, the sustainable use and protection of water and marine resources, the transition to a circular economy and the pollution prevention and control.

Land use change is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity loss and, hence, a key topic for current sustainability debates and climate change mitigation.

Fragile ecosystems of the Himalayas have seen rampant land-use changes in recent times due to proliferation of hydropower development promoted as a climate change mitigation strategy for global energy transition.

The clean energy transition is an important and urgent issue in European islands contributing in the global effort for climate change mitigation.

This paper is thus focused on examining the impact of renewable energy technologies on climate change mitigation whilst analysing the role of Development Financial Institutions (DFIs) in unlocking the vast opportunities associated with renewable energy technologies/projects with a view to driving the clean energy transition in Africa.

Land management interventions can contribute to climate change mitigation through avoided emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and through negative emissions from increasing carbon dioxide removal via reforestation, soil carbon sequestration and more.

The large majority of climate change mitigation scenarios that hold warming below 2 °C show high deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR), resulting in a peak-and-decline behavior in global temperature.

Originality/value Given the major role of China in global climate change mitigation, significant future reductions in China’s CO2 emissions will require transformation toward low-carbon energy systems.

This article presents an empirical study carried out to evaluate and analyze green finance for low-carbon energy, sustainable economic development, and climate change mitigation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Tropical forests are a key component of the global carbon cycle and climate change mitigation.

Quantifying the net carbon flux from land use and land cover changes ( fLULCC ) is critical for understanding the global carbon cycle and, hence, to support climate change mitigation.

It has the potential to make an important contribution towards sustainable development, from rural development and poverty alleviation to energy security and climate change mitigation.

While more and more cities are planning towards sustainable development and climate resilience, a thorough understanding of the spatiotemporal pattern of building energy demand can be valuable for evidence-based city design and climate change mitigation.

Besides, the cultivation of microalgae does not need any fertile land and it provides opportunities for climate change mitigation by sequestering atmospheric carbon-dioxide (CO2), facilitating nutrient recovery from wastewater and regulating industrial pollutions/emissions.

Wetlands hold significant potential for climate change mitigation due to their high capacity to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2).

Agroforestry, or the intentional integration of trees on crop or pastureland, is a sustainable land use system that provides ecosystem services including climate change mitigation and private benefits for smallholders.

Thus, this study confirms that the land sector can strongly contribute to climate change mitigation if sustainable land-use options are applied.

Highlights • Vegetation community does not influence CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes from a tropical freshwater wetland soil under continuous flooding • High water level in a tropical freshwater wetland lowers CO 2 flux but increases CH 4 flux • A wetland’s role in climate change mitigation is a function of carbon sequestration and emission.

We investigated the impact of converting a natural tropical freshwater wetland in Uganda into a rice paddy wetland on climate change mitigation, by comparing carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes from the natural section (under different vegetation communities dominated by Cyperus papyrus, Typha latifolia and Phragmites mauritianus) and from a rice paddy section, during the dry and wet seasons.

The realization of the full objectives of international policies targeting global food security and climate change mitigation, including the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Climate Agreement COP21 and the European Green Deal, requires that we (i) sustainably increase the yield, nutritional quality and biodiversity of major crop species, (ii) select climate-ready crops that are adapted to future weather dynamic and (iii) increase the resource use efficiency of crops for sustainably preserving natural resources.

During the last years, the European Union (EU) has made significant progress in developing electricity and gas markets, promoting energy efficiency, renewable energy sources, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions (European Commission, 2010) In 2019, the EU proposed the European Green Deal (EGD), a set of 50 actions for the coming five years across all sectors of economy to prepare the EU economy for development of climate neutral society by 2050 (EC, 2019) Energy sector action is central to the EGD The EGD puts the aim to achieve a 90% reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transport by 2050 To support the low carbon transition in transport, 75% of inland road freight should shift onto rail and inland waterways and zero- and low-emission vehicles should appear on the road Under EGD, the EU initiated review of energy and climate package to scale up GHG emissions reductions, boost the deployment of renewables and energy efficiency, and review the Energy Taxation Directive The new Industrial Strategy for Europe, along with the Circular Economy Action Plan and the SME Strategy set for developing a competitive, climate-neutral and digital industry in EU The EU Sustainable Transport and The paper deals with challenges of low carbon transition of Baltic States and provides discussion of energy and climate policies and ranking of countries based on achievements in low carbon transition including energy poverty issues which are key issues during transition towards low carbon future The study applies MCDM tool - COPRAS for ranking Baltic States in terms the most important climate change mitigation and energy poverty indicators For this purpose, the framework of indicators was developed based on literature review Three scenarios were developed for ranking of countries based on results of just low carbon energy transition The paper provides also policy recommendations based on study conducted in three Baltic States.

The study gives policy and practice the empirical evidence needed to assess climate change mitigation impacts of urban transport measures and interventions aimed at mode shift to more sustainable modes of transport.

ABSTRACT Healthy soils play a critical role in supporting agricultural productivity, climate change mitigation and resilience, and a range of ecosystem services.

Overall, our study suggest that application of biochar and N fertilizer addition can decrease CO2 emission from SSA croplands under rainfed rice cultivation, increase essential labile Corg pools, protect labile Corg pools sensitive to losses and sequester Corg with positive implication for global change mitigation and soil quality improvement.

This represents a key understanding of trees and forests ecosystems responses to future climate changes, which is relevant to assess and design global change mitigation strategies.

Thus, this study investigates climate change awareness among secondary school students to guide climate change mitigation strategies and practices among young people for the attainment of the SDGs.

We expect this study could provide crucial baseline information required for the government to design climate change mitigation strategies for indigenous amphibians.

The study showed the importance of better understanding the factors affecting citizen’s consumption and climate change mitigation policies.

Mangroves can play a crucial part in climate change mitigation policies due to their high carbon-storing capacity.

The government has established various forest area management mechanisms to create livelihoods, environmental services, and climate change mitigation efforts.

The results contribute to a deeper understanding of climate change disbelief among the European population and have important implications for climate change mitigation efforts.

A new approach using logistic growth models identifies a coupling between storage resource base (pore space underground) and minimum growth rates necessary to meet global climate change mitigation targets (Zahasky & Krevor, 2020).

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) will have an essential role in meeting our climate change mitigation targets.

Here we document trends within the industry, examine projections of future installed capacity increases and compute the associated climate change mitigation potential at the global and regional levels.

While urbanization and urban density have climate change mitigation potential in short-distance travel (e.

This study models prospective environmental impacts of primary aluminium production according to different integrated assessment modeling scenarios building on Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and their climate change mitigation scenarios.

The large majority of climate change mitigation scenarios that hold warming below 2 °C show high deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR), resulting in a peak-and-decline behavior in global temperature.

Therefore, not only climate change mitigation measures but also adaptation solutions to more frequent extreme weather events are necessary.

A qualitative research method is applied to analyse the climate change mitigation measures linked to energy consumption in households based on systematic literature review.

Climate change mitigation requires developing zero-carbon, highly renewable energy systems, which require technologies to capture excess renewable electricity such as energy storage.

1 Climate change mitigation requires a transition towards a more sustainable system which eventually achieves circularity and climate-neutrality in all sectors, including agriculture.

This study aims to investigate the influencing factors and the processes for incorporating climate change mitigation actions into policies in the non-environment sector in Nepal.

In addition to driving mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, climate change mitigation actions can deliver non-climate benefits (co-benefits) but can also have adverse side-effects, working counter to other development objectives.

The silver lining is that climate vulnerability increases the ratio of patents on climate change mitigation technologies (CCMTs) in innovations.

In particular, significant progress has been made in the areas of environmental technologies and climate change mitigation technologies related to energy generation, transmission or distribution.

Paludiculture, the cultivation of crops on rewetted peatlands, is often proposed as a viable climate change mitigation option that reduces greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe), while simultaneously providing novel agricultural business options.

Process-based biogeochemical models can be used to simulate soil nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes and maize yields and draw insights on yields improvement and climate change mitigation options.

Numerical scenarios describing future energy and land-use systems that attain climate change mitigation goals have been considered important sources of guidance for climate policymaking.

Indonesia is among the countries with the largest planned coal power capacity additions worldwide, thereby posing a substantial challenge for global climate change mitigation goals.

By the integrated assessment modeling, we investigate climate change mitigation pathways compatible with the Paris Agreement goals under different carbon budget allocation principles, namely, cost-effectiveness, equality, and grandfathering for 11 world regions.

In this study we analyze a comprehensive portfolio of CDR options in terms of their regional and temporal deployment patterns in climate change mitigation pathways and the resulting challenges.

These DFs may provide insights on the wood-based products with a potential to replace emissions intensive alternatives but they do not reveal the actual climate change mitigation effects of wood use.

This contribution goes beyond the climate change mitigation effect and also includes SDGs, such as reduction of hunger, maintaining potable water quality, improving sanitation, responsible consumption and production and others.

This technique can provide long-term in situ monitoring of offshore CO2 reservoirs and hence provides a tool to support climate change mitigation activities.

Ocean-based climate change mitigation activities in such calcifying regions should be approached with caution and an understanding that net carbon sequestration may not be possible.

Old buildings and minimum code buildings only strive for structural protection, but they do not play a part in climate change mitigation solutions.

There are also concerns that the expansion of forestry framed as a climate change mitigation solution is coming at the cost of carbon rich and biodiverse native ecosystems and local resource rights.

It suggests (1) that the discount rate on climate change mitigation projects is lower than that on the stock market but higher than the risk-free rate and (2) that it is optimal to start investing into climate change mitigation projects as soon as possible.

An explorative analysis of 58 climate change mitigation projects was conducted in four countries with different degrees of maturity of crowdfunding market.

To realize this potentially huge dual livelihood/climate change mitigation outcome from improved grassland management, it is necessary to have detailed understanding of the processes involved in securing better livelihoods and sequestering carbon.

We show, however, that Lithuania, together with other Eastern European and Southern European countries, fluctuates on both the best and the worst social and climate change mitigation outcomes.

The proposed method is highly promising for modeling ET in a heterogeneous urban environment and can support climate change mitigation initiatives of urban areas worldwide.

This action research pilot project is a climate change mitigation initiative to treat wet waste at source through demonstration and techno-economic feasibility involving Rajkot citizens as participatory change agents.

This study takes several new angles in investigating farmers’ climate change mitigation behaviour.

This research developed and tested an integrated model of climate change mitigation behaviour that specifically focused on campaign relevant factors, and interviewed campaign designers to examine industry uptake of research and any associated issues.

Carbon capture and storage technologies are an integral part of the climate change mitigation portfolio.

CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) is gradually gaining global recognition as a vital technology to complement the climate change mitigation portfolio.

The institutional capacity of local authorities to integrate climate change mitigation aspects into spatial planning is of vital importance.

Nevertheless, the question of whether local authorities are building their institutional capacity for integrating climate change mitigation aspects into spatial planning remains under-researched.

This study may be of benefit for scientists, policy makers in environmental domain, and for natural resources management and climate change mitigation planning.

The inclusion of forest carbon in climate change mitigation planning requires the development of models able to project potential future carbon stocks—a step beyond traditional monitoring, reporting and verification frameworks.

Background British Columbia’s (BC) extensive forest resources provide climate change mitigation opportunities that are available to few other jurisdictions.

Background There are high estimates of the potential climate change mitigation opportunity of using wood products.

Our findings offer preliminary evidence-based support for a shift in thinking toward the fundamental determinants of health and calls for an upstream shift in climate change mitigation interventions to improve population health through the creation of equitable global political and economic systems.

If ground-based observations of peat motion can be linked to measured GHG fluxes and with satellite-based monitoring tools, this approach offers the potential for a large-scale peatland monitoring tool, suitable for identifying areas of active carbon loss, targeting climate change mitigation interventions, and evaluating intervention outcomes.

Based on our results, the climate change mitigation capacity of straw amendment may be further improved by decreasing N2O emissions during the basal fertilization period via changing plant residue species combined with improved N management.

Little knowledge exists about the potential of sustainable management for maintaining and restoring the climate change mitigation capacity of tropical forests.

Therefore, the electrification of this sector is a viable alternative for the country to rely on its own energy resources, while reinforcing its future climate change mitigation commitments.

Decarbonization of heating sector is an important part of the global low carbon energy transition, and an essential step towards implementing climate change mitigation commitments as this sector accounts for 40–50% of global energy consumption and is one of the main sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

Implementation of renewable energy support policies in many countries for the sake of energy security and climate change mitigation worldwide raises the importance of renewable energy power plants (REPPs) in analyzing power market features.

Our results offer valuable lessons on industrial cities’ strategies and initiatives for climate change mitigation worldwide, particularly in developing countries.

The recent study intends to estimate the climate change mitigation factor for a cleaner environment with the GDP of E7 countries and G7 countries from 2010 to 2018.

The recent study intends to estimate the climate change mitigation factor for a cleaner environment with the GDP of E7 countries and G7 countries from 2010 to 2018.

1%, offsetting climate change mitigation via reforestation by up to 4.

These results indicated that managed grasslands in Japan with the recommended level FYM application can contribute to climate change mitigation via SOC sequestration even under future climate change.

Shifting from cropland to grassland management on peatlands for climate change mitigation also requires consideration of the effects of livestock methane emissions, and displaced emissions resulting from increased land demand for crop production elsewhere.

In addition, three global agendas, namely the New Urban Agenda, Sustainable Development Goals and the Nationally Determined Contributions towards climate change mitigation also demand actions in the cities.

AimTo compare the climate change mitigation benefits of nature-based solutions for management of municipal green waste with conventional management.

In a developing country like Bangladesh, there exists research gaps on the long-term trend, regional variation, potential renewable energy use from livestock wastes in the urban areas as a means for circular economy adoption, associated climate change mitigation benefits, and policy regime analysis.

Participatory extension programmes (PEPs) are a popular policy tool to stimulate the uptake of climate change mitigation practices on a farm level.

Rewetting, a relatively new climate change mitigation practice, of organic soils and peatland (i.

Nitrogen (N) fertilization is another common practice in Scandinavia which, despite uncertainties regarding effects on soil C dynamics, is being promoted as a climate change mitigation tool.

Biochar (B) addition to soil is suggested as a climate change mitigation tool that supports carbon sequestration and reduces N losses and greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.