Temperature Programmed(프로그래밍된 온도)란 무엇입니까?
Temperature Programmed 프로그래밍된 온도 - The CO2-temperature programmed-desorption (TPD) analysis indicated that the incorporation of (HO)2BDC into the MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 framework generated new OH sites besides unsaturated Cr- metal sites and NH2 sites. [1]CO2-온도 프로그램 탈착(TPD) 분석은 (HO)2BDC를 MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 프레임워크에 통합하면 불포화 Cr-금속 부위와 NH2 부위 외에 새로운 OH 부위가 생성됨을 나타냅니다. [1]
ray photoelectron spectroscopy 광선 광전자 분광법
The adsorption of the C2 hydrocarbons, including ethane, ethene, and ethyne, are studied on magnetite Fe3O4(001) by a combination of molecular beam dosing, temperature programmed desorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. [1] To investigate the crystal transformation of the VPO catalyst, the properties of fresh and evaluated VPO catalysts were measured by a series of characterization methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption and desorption, NH3-temperature programmed desorption (TPD), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). [2] According to the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), HCl adsorption experiments, and acetylene temperature programmed desorption (C2H2-TPD), it is reasonable to conclude that the interaction between Sn and S not only can retard the oxidation of Sn2+ in catalysts but also strengthen the reactant adsorption capacity of tin-based catalysts. [3] O2 adsorption on MnO(100) precovered with sodium (Na) multilayers was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). [4] In this work, differential thermogravimetric (DTG), electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) we re used to reveal the adsorption-regeneration process of H2S and the effect of adsorption products on carbon consumption. [5] The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, Scanning Electronic Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Ultraviolet-visible-Diffuse Reflection Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy as a function of the temperature, (Temperature Programmed Reduction) TPR-chemisorption, XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) and OH determination through DRIFTS (Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy). [6] 00 nominal atomic %) were synthesized by the sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and H2-temperature programmed reduction. [7] The relationship between the structure of catalysts and their performance was characterized in detail by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption, temperature programmed reduction with H2, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and in situ infrared. [8] The results obtained from X-ray diffractometry, hydrogen-temperature programmed reduction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed that the VxOy were mainly in a tetrahedral form when the V/Si molar ratios were lower than 0. [9] For this propose, Fe2O3-TiO2 support and Rh/Fe2O3-TiO2 catalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2-physisorption, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), Temperature Programmed Reduction of hydrogen (TPR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques. [10] Their surface properties, oxygen desorption behaviour, CO2 adsorption capacity, structure stability under working conditions, activation mechanism and CO2 electroreduction kinetics processes are studied by various characterization methods, such as O2 or CO2 temperature programmed desorption, in situ X-ray diffraction, near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, quasi situ infrared spectroscopy and distribution of relaxation time analysis. [11] Characterization using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR) reveals that the adsorption of aromatic ring is weakened on the RuFe alloy surface compared to Ru which leads to reduced hydrogenation of arenes, while oxophilic nature of Fe facilitates the adsorption of the aryl-ether bond that enhances the hydrogenolysis of C O bonds in DPE. [12] Results combining with the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption studies, indicate that the hydrogenation of DMO to MG on Ag/AS catalysts is mainly dominated by the number of active sites when the Ag particle size ≥ 5. [13] To explore green methodology for the synthesis of mixed oxide, its catalytic activity and temperature stability of series of ZrO2/MoO3 and ZrO2 were prepared by sol-gel method and characterized by XRD, FT-IR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature programmed Desorption (TPD), Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopes (TEM). [14] In this work, we investigated the reactive interaction of isopropanol with well-defined Co3O4(111)/Ir(100) and Pt/Co3O4(111)/Ir(100) model catalysts by means of synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy (SRPES), near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP XPS), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). [15] Observations from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning tunneling microscopy, and temperature programmed desorption (TPD), supported by a comparison with formic acid results, suggest that acetic acid reacts with Cu2O through deprotonation to form acetate species coordinated to copper sites and hydroxylation of nearby surface oxygen sites. [16] The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that N atoms can improve the dispersion of NPs, and core-shell structure of Ag-Pd has been successfully prepared. [17] Characterization of the catalysts was achieved by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). [18] The pre-oxidized chars have been subjected to Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) and to core-level high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis using Synchrotron radiation to infer the nature of the carbon oxides that populate the surface and their evolution throughout thermochemical processing. [19] The catalytic properties of the manganese ore/Co3O4 composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), the electron microscopy technique (FE-SEM), N2 adsorption (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), respectively. [20] The as-prepared samples were characterized by N2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), CO2-temperature programmed desorption (CO2-TPD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of pyridine adsorption and CO-diffuse reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (CO-DRIFTS). [21] In order to verify the proposed transformations, thorough characterization by temperature programmed desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, potentiometric titration and Boehm titration was carried out. [22] X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption of mercury confirmed that the adsorbed mercury existed on the surface as HgO and HgS, indicating that catalytic oxidation and chemisorption occurred on the surface of the adsorbent. [23] Further, the defective effects on acidities and conductive mechanisms of xerogels, especially structural changes of water clusters generated by varying temperatures are investigated by ion exchange capacity (IEC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature programmed desorption of NH3 (NH3-TPD) and in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). [24] Fourier infrared transform spectroscopy (FT–IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature programmed oxidation (TPO), and laser Raman spectroscopy (Raman) were used to analyze the change of char chemical structure. [25] Thermal stability of these films was studied using a combination of temperature programmed desorption (TPD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and low-energy ion scattering (LEIS). [26] Besides, temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterizations showed that an electronic interaction between Cu species and other components of the catalyst (especially, Si species) could inhibit the reduction of Cu species, resulting in the abundant Cu+ species on the catalyst surface. [27] The present work focuses on the formulation of two types of the supported catalysts namely supported tri metals alloy (CuNiRu/N-rGO) in paper forms and supported copper (Cu/N-rGO), analysing the properties of the synthesised catalyst support (N-rGO) by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD-NH3), Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR-H2) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as to investigate the catalytic performance of the two supported catalysts in the dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to the cyclohexanone. [28] According to temperature programmed desorption (TPD), Raman spectroscopy, N2-adsorption isotherms at −196 °C and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), this synthesis method results in the selective formation of nitrogen species, without significant changes in structural order or porosity. [29] In this study, the effects of urea hydrolysis temperature and Li amount on the catalyst structure, morphology, and particle size were analyzed combining various characterization techniques, including N2 adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2 temperature-programmed reduction, CO2 temperature programmed desorption, CO temperature programmed desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. [30] X-ray diffraction, Temperature programmed reduction together with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy disclose that highly dispersed NiO strongly interacting with SiO2 generates when prepared via micro-combustion method. [31] The Ca poisoning effects were investigated by many characterization methods including N2 adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, H2-temperature programmed reduction and NH3-temperature programmed desorption techniques. [32] Based on the results of Raman spectrum, H2-temperature programmed reduction (TPR), the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence spectra (PL) and photocurrent testing, it was proposed that visible light irradiation could cause the increase in surface electron density of Pd nanoparticles by the photo-induced electron (from O2p to Fe3d orbit) transfer from LaFeO3 to Pd. [33]에탄, 에텐 및 에틴을 포함한 C2 탄화수소의 흡착은 분자 빔 투여, 온도 프로그램 탈착 및 X선 광전자 분광법의 조합에 의해 자철석 Fe3O4(001)에 대해 연구됩니다. [1] VPO 촉매의 결정 변형을 조사하기 위해 X선 회절(XRD), N2 흡착 및 탈착, NH3-온도 프로그램 탈착(TPD), 라만 분광법 및 X선 광전자 분광법(XPS). [2] nan [3] nan [4] nan [5] nan [6] nan [7] nan [8] nan [9] nan [10] 표면 특성, 산소 탈착 거동, CO2 흡착 용량, 작업 조건에서의 구조 안정성, 활성화 메커니즘 및 CO2 전기 환원 동역학 과정은 O2 또는 CO2 온도 프로그램 탈착, 현장 X선 회절, 주변 환경과 같은 다양한 특성화 방법에 의해 연구됩니다. 압력 X선 광전자 분광법, 유사 위치 적외선 분광법 및 이완 시간 분포 분석. [11] nan [12] nan [13] nan [14] nan [15] nan [16] nan [17] nan [18] nan [19] nan [20] nan [21] nan [22] nan [23] nan [24] nan [25] nan [26] nan [27] nan [28] nan [29] nan [30] nan [31] nan [32] nan [33]
transmission electron microscopy 투과 전자 현미경
Various characterization techniques such as N2-physical adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and CO2 temperature programmed desorption (TPD) were utilized to analyze the structural and electronic properties. [1] The evolution of crystal phases during coprecipitation and the physicochemical properties of calcined and reduced catalysts by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TG)-mass spectrometry (MS) , Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2O titration, in situ CO-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) reveal that the promoter effect likely lies in the presence of Mg2+. [2] This mechanism is suggested by a hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) analysis, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. [3] A mixture of soybean oil, oleic acid and animal fat was used as a model compound of WCO, and the catalysts were characterised by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, temperature programmed reduction, thermogravimetric analysis and Raman spectroscopy. [4] Their properties were thoroughly characterized by a set of complementary techniques including N2-sorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), CO2 adsorption, temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). [5] The re-dispersion was confirmed by various characterization techniques of transmission electron microscopy, CO chemisorption, CO-diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform, CO-temperature programmed desorption, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. [6] The catalysts, x%Pd/α-MoC (x% is the molar ratio of Pd/Mo), were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Raman, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. [7] The properties of the catalysts were studied using elementary analysis, Brunauer‐Emmet‐Teller specific surface area measurements, X‐ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction, temperature programmed desorption, H2 chemisorption and transmission electron microscopy. [8] The obtained catalysts were subjected to soot temperature programmed oxidation (soot-TPO) activity tests and were further characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy/high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM/HR-TEM), N2 physisorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and H2- temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR). [9] N2 physisorption (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to analyze the used and fresh catalysts. [10] Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), O2-TPD and TGA were used to study the physicochemical properties of the catalyst. [11] The catalysts are characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). [12] The produced materials were then characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. [13] These catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, H2-temperature programmed reduction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. [14] The physcochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE/TEM), and hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR). [15] The solids were characterized by XRD, XPS, temperature programmed reduction and transmission electron microscopy. [16]N2-물리적 흡착, X-선 회절(XRD), 투과 전자 현미경(TEM), X-선 광전자 분광법(XPS) 및 CO2 온도 프로그램 탈착(TPD)과 같은 다양한 특성화 기술을 사용하여 구조 및 전자 특성을 분석했습니다. . [1] X-선 회절(XRD), 열중량(TG)-질량 분석(MS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET), 투과 전자 현미경(TEM)에 의한 공침 중 결정상의 진화 및 하소 및 환원 촉매의 물리화학적 특성 ), N2O 적정, 현장 CO-푸리에 변환 적외선 분광법(FTIR) 및 H2-온도 프로그램 환원(H2-TPR)은 촉진제 효과가 Mg2+의 존재에 있을 가능성이 있음을 보여줍니다. [2] 이 메커니즘은 수소 온도 프로그래밍 환원(H2-TPR) 분석, 현장 투과 전자 현미경(TEM) 및 밀도 기능 이론(DFT) 계산에 의해 제안됩니다. [3] nan [4] nan [5] nan [6] nan [7] nan [8] nan [9] nan [10] nan [11] nan [12] nan [13] nan [14] nan [15] nan [16]
scanning electron microscopy 주사 전자 현미경
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), simultaneous thermal analysis, in situ FTIR, and temperature programmed experiment were adopted to analyze its inhibiting effect and mechanism. [1] The physicochemical properties of the zeotypes were studied using XRD (X-ray diffraction), N2 adsorption-desorption, temperature programmed desorption of NH3 and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). [2] The growth mechanism of Co3O4 on silicalite-1/SiC catalysts were systematically studied as a function of synthesis time based on comprehensive characterization using N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), H2 temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). [3] The physicochemical properties of ceria samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption–desorption, H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and in situ diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). [4] Relevant samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption, temperature programmed desorption of NH3 or CO2 (NH3-TPD, CO2-TPD). [5] The obtained hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorpotion, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), NH3 temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) and pyridine adsorption Fourier-transform infrared (Py-IR). [6] The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, temperature programmed reduction, temperature programmed desorption of CO2 and thermogravimetric analysis and tested in the range of 450–650 °C. [7] The physical and chemical structures of Cu–Ni–Ce/AC0,1 were studied using scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, CO-temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and NO-TPD characterisation techniques. [8] The analysis is the Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption with BET-BJH, Temperature Programmed Desorption-NH3 (TPD-NH3) and the Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR). [9] The prepared catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption of CO2 and N2-adsorption/desorption. [10] The following techniques were used to characterise the synthesised catalysts: X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Temperature Programmed Desorption (CO2-TPD). [11] Temperature programmed desorption and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize the de/rehydrogenation performance, and X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to explore the phase structure and surface topography of the materials. [12] Techniques including N2 physisorption analysis, temperature programmed analysis, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used for characterization. [13] Catalysts were characterized by x-ray diffraction, BET surface area, laser Raman spectroscopy, temperature programmed reduction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray analysis and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. [14] The obtained heterogeneous catalysts were comprehensively characterized by powder FTIR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectra, NH3 temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). [15] A series of ZnSnPt supported defective MFI zeolites with different SiO2/Al2O3 ratios (30, 110, 700, and∞) and hydroxyl nests concentration were prepared and characterized by multiple techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen physisorption, NH3-TPD, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). [16]주사 전자 현미경(SEM), 동시 열 분석, 현장 FTIR 및 온도 프로그래밍 실험을 채택하여 억제 효과와 메커니즘을 분석했습니다. [1] zeotypes의 물리화학적 특성은 XRD(X-ray diffraction), N2 흡착-탈착, NH3의 온도 프로그램 탈착 및 SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy)을 사용하여 연구되었습니다. [2] nan [3] nan [4] nan [5] 얻어진 계층적 ZSM-5 제올라이트는 X선 회절(XRD), N2 흡착, 주사 전자 현미경(SEM), 투과 전자 현미경(TEM), NH3 온도 프로그램 탈착(NH3-TPD) 및 피리딘 흡착 푸리에 변환으로 특성화되었습니다. 적외선(Py-IR). [6] nan [7] nan [8] nan [9] nan [10] nan [11] nan [12] 특성화를 위해 N2 물리흡착 분석, 온도 프로그래밍 분석, X선 회절 및 주사 전자 현미경을 포함한 기술이 사용되었습니다. [13] nan [14] nan [15] nan [16]
field emission scanning 전계 방출 스캐닝
The prepared adsorbents were characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray (FESEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and CO2-temperature programmed desorption (CO2-TPD). [1] The crystalline, structural, textural and acid properties of the composite zeolites, as well as the parent ZSM-5, were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), nitrogen adsorption/desorption analyses (BET) and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) techniques. [2] The catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, H2-temperature programmed reduction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. [3] Physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts characterized with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), EDX, Nitrogen Adsorption-Desorption, Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and H2-Temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) analyses. [4] The catalyst was characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), NH3-TPD and Py-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Py-FTIR). [5] The influences of Zr content and the addition of ethanol into carboxylic acid on the OSC performance and thermal stability have been systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption, Raman analysis, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), hydrogen-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and pulse thermal analysis using H2 as reducing agent. [6] Various techniques were employed to characterize the prepared catalysts, including N2 adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), H2-temperature programmed desorption (H2-TPD) and CO2-temperature programmed desorption (CO2-TPD). [7]제조된 흡착제는 에너지 분산 X선(FESEM-EDX), X선 회절(XRD), N2 물리흡착, 푸리에 변환 적외선 분광법(FTIR), 열중량 분석(TGA)이 장착된 전계 방출 주사 전자 현미경으로 특성화되었습니다. ) 및 CO2 온도 프로그램 탈착(CO2-TPD). [1] 복합 제올라이트와 모 ZSM-5의 결정질, 구조적, 조직 및 산 특성은 X선 회절(XRD), 전계 방출 주사 전자 현미경(FESEM), 질소 흡착/탈착 분석(BET)으로 특성화되었습니다. ) 및 암모니아의 온도 프로그램 탈착(NH3-TPD) 기술. [2] nan [3] nan [4] nan [5] nan [6] nan [7]
scanning electron microscope 주사 전자 현미경
In order to validate the desired properties, the prepared MnOx/Ce-γAl2O3 samples are characterized using various physicochemical characterizations, including X-ray fluorescence (XRF), nitrogen adsorption, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). [1] To study the correlation between catalytic performance and the structure of carbon catalyst, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) analysis and Raman spectroscopy were performed on both fresh and spent catalysts. [2] Magnetic MnO2-Fe3O4 oxides were prepared by α-MnO2 and Fe3O4 and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature programmed desorption of NH3/CO2 (NH3/CO2-TPD) and Fourier transform infrared reflection spectra of pyridine adsorption (Py-FTIR). [3] The catalyst was characterized by Brunner–Emmet–Teller measurements (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). [4] The deposits on the wall and the electrode of the reactor under different voltages were measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and temperature programmed oxidation (TPO). [5] The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser Raman, transition electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and Brunauer-Teller-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area techniques. [6]원하는 특성을 검증하기 위해 준비된 MnOx/Ce-γAl2O3 샘플은 X선 형광(XRF), 질소 흡착, 열중량 분석(TGA), X선 회절(XRD), 스캐닝을 포함한 다양한 물리화학적 특성화를 사용하여 특성화됩니다. 전자 현미경(SEM), 온도 프로그래밍된 환원(TPR) 및 온도 프로그래밍된 탈착(TPD). [1] 촉매성능과 탄소촉매의 구조와의 상관관계를 연구하기 위해 원소분석, 주사전자현미경(SEM) 분석, 투과전자현미경(TEM) 분석, X선 분말 회절(XRD) 분석, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller 방법( BET) 분석, 푸리에 변환 적외선(FTIR) 분광법, 온도 프로그래밍된 산화(TPO) 분석 및 라만 분광법을 새로운 촉매와 사용한 촉매 모두에 대해 수행했습니다. [2] nan [3] nan [4] nan [5] nan [6]
diffuse reflectance infrared 확산 반사율 적외선
The synthesized solids were characterized by N2 physisorption, temperature programmed reduction (TPR-H2), diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy using NH3 as the probe molecule (DRIFT), temperature programmed desorption (TPD-NH3) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). [1] Pt/ZrO2 catalysts were prepared with several different Rb loadings and characterized using temperature programmed reduction mass spectrometry (TPR-MS), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), an X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) difference procedure, extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) fitting, TPR-EXAFS/XANES, and reactor testing. [2] The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2-physisorption, temperature programmed desorption of NH3, transmission electronic microscopy and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy Ppyridine adsorption. [3] Results from Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy coupled with Temperature Programmed Surface Reaction (DRIFTS-TPSR) point towards a highly reactive monodentate formate intermediate stabilized by the strong interaction of MoP and ZrO2. [4] In this study, we attempt selective, organic chemistry-based functionalization of a polymer-derived porous model carbon featuring high oxygen loadings, with the aim to establish analytical standards for temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). [5] In this work, how the number and properties of specific sites on alumina surfaces affect the specific interaction between Pt and alumina was investigated by using X-ray diffraction, ethanol temperature programmed desorption, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, H2 chemisorption, scanning transmission electron microscopy and benzene hydrogenation reaction. [6]합성된 고체는 N2 물리흡착, 온도 프로그래밍된 환원(TPR-H2), 프로브 분자로 NH3를 사용하는 확산 반사율 적외선 분광법(DRIFT), 온도 프로그래밍된 탈착(TPD-NH3) 및 X선 광전자 분광법(XPS)을 특징으로 합니다. [1] Pt/ZrO2 촉매는 몇 가지 다른 Rb 로딩으로 제조되었으며 온도 프로그래밍된 환원 질량 분석법(TPR-MS), 온도 프로그래밍된 탈착(TPD), 확산 반사율 적외선 푸리에 변환 분광법(DRIFTS), 가장자리 근처 X선 흡수 분광법을 사용하여 특성화되었습니다. (XANES) 차이 절차, 확장 X선 흡수 미세 구조 분광법(EXAFS) 피팅, TPR-EXAFS/XANES 및 반응기 테스트. [2] nan [3] DRIFTS-TPSR(Temperature Programmed Surface Reaction)과 결합된 확산 반사율 적외선 푸리에 변환 분광법의 결과는 MoP와 ZrO2의 강력한 상호 작용에 의해 안정화된 반응성이 높은 한자리 포름산염 중간체를 가리킵니다. [4] nan [5] nan [6]
situ diffuse reflectance 현장 확산 반사율
The characterization techniques of XRD, BET, hydrogen-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), ammonia-temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), XPS, TG and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) were adopted to further explore the promoting effect of Pr doping in MnOx catalyst on SO2 resistance performance. [1] The properties of the catalysts were investigated by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Raman spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption (TPD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy (DRIFTs), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). [2] The interaction between Pt and the spinel oxide facilitated the activation of the oxygen species as evidenced by the H2 temperature programmed reduction results, and weakened the adsorption strength of CO on the Pt atoms as revealed by the in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy results and kinetic investigation. [3] Temperature programmed desorption of NO and in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy confirmed the presence of several nitrogen species (adsorbed NO, NO-, NO2-, and NO3-) present on the catalyst surface and revealed that O2 desorption occurs at the high temperature region together with the NO desorption as the product of NO2- and/or NO3- decomposition. [4] Based on the characterizations, including laser Raman, H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (in situ DRIFT) analysis, we found that the addition of W and Mo increased the degree of polymerization in V/MPTiO2, which generated more reactive vanadia species. [5]XRD, BET, 수소 온도 프로그램 환원(H2-TPR), 암모니아 온도 프로그램 탈착(NH3-TPD), XPS, TG 및 원위치 확산 반사율 적외선 분광법(DRIFTS)의 특성화 기술을 채택하여 촉진 SO2 저항 성능에 대한 MnOx 촉매의 Pr 도핑 효과. [1] 촉매의 특성은 BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) 분석, 라만 분광법, TPD(온도 프로그램 탈착), TPR(온도 프로그램 환원), 원위치 확산 반사 적외선 푸리에 변환 분광법(DRIFT) 및 X선 광전자 분광법(XPS). [2] nan [3] nan [4] nan [5]
inductively coupled plasma 유도 결합 플라즈마
The promotion effect of Ce with different loading amounts on the physicochemical properties of the catalysts was systematically characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption, thermo elemental IRIS Intrepid inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV-Vis DRS), Fourier transformation infrared(FTIR) spectra, H2-temperature programmed reduction(H2-TPR) analysis, H2-temperature programmed desorption(H2-TPD), and The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) techniques. [1] ZSM-11 zeolites modified by Ni incorporation (1–8 wt%) where synthesized and characterized by means of X-Ray Diffraction, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, UV–vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectra and Temperature Programmed Reduction. [2] The textural, structural, and chemical properties of the catalysts were evaluated using N2 adsorption–desorption, powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), temperature programmed reduction, and temperature programmed desorption analysis. [3] Their physicochemical properties were characterized by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, N2-sorption, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, hydrogen-temperature programmed reduction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. [4] The Ni–Fe catalysts were characterized by XRD, inductively coupled plasma, and SEM-EDS measurements, and their performance and chemical properties were measured by H2 temperature programmed reduction experiments. [5]촉매의 물리화학적 특성에 대한 상이한 로딩량의 Ce의 촉진 효과는 투과전자현미경(TEM), X선 회절(XRD), N2 흡탈착, 열원소 IRIS에 의해 체계적으로 특성화되었다 Intrepid 유도 결합 플라즈마 원자 방출 분광계 (ICP-AES), UV-가시광선 확산반사분광법(UV-Vis DRS), 푸리에변환적외선(FTIR) 스펙트럼, H2-온도 프로그램 환원(H2-TPR) 분석, H2-온도 프로그램 탈착(H2-TPD), 및 X선 광전자 분광법(XPS) 기술. [1] X선 회절, 유도 결합 플라즈마 원자 방출 분광법, 적외선 푸리에 변환 분광법, UV-vis 확산 반사 스펙트럼 및 온도 프로그램 감소를 통해 합성되고 특성화되는 Ni 혼입(1–8 wt%)에 의해 변형된 ZSM-11 제올라이트. [2] nan [3] nan [4] nan [5]
high resolution transmission 고해상도 전송
This work presents results of a multitechnique (HRTEM – high resolution transmission electron microscopy, EDX – energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, XRD – X-ray diffraction and H2-TPR - temperature programmed reduction by. [1] Catalysts were characterized by nitrogen physisorption, powder X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction, temperature programmed desorption of ammonia, scanning and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. [2] The unpromoted/samarium-promoted catalysts were evaluated using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption, Temperature Programmed Oxidation/Reduction (TPR/TPO), and Field Emission Electron Scanning Microscopy (FE-SEM) methods, then investigated in methane dry reforming. [3] High resolution Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray power diffraction, Hydrogen temperature programmed reduction etc. [4] Catalysts were characterized at different stages of their synthesis using dynamic light scattering, N2-adsorption analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, high-angle annular bright-field and dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, together with EDS elemental mapping. [5]이 작업은 다중 기술(HRTEM – 고해상도 투과 전자 현미경, EDX – 에너지 분산 X선 분광법, XRD – X선 회절 및 H2-TPR – 온도 프로그래밍 감소)의 결과를 제공합니다. [1] 촉매는 질소 물리흡착, 분말 X선 회절, 온도 프로그래밍 환원, 암모니아의 온도 프로그래밍 탈착, 주사 및 고해상도 투과 전자 현미경으로 특징지어졌습니다. [2] nan [3] nan [4] nan [5]
ray powder diffraction 광선 분말 회절
The catalysts were characterized systematically by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersed spectroscopy (EDS) mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H2 temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), CO2 temperature programmed desorption (CO2-TPD), and so on. [1] Physicochemical properties of the pre- and post-exposure catalysts were characterized by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Hydrogen Temperature Programmed Reduction (H2-TPR), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). [2] The characterization of the synthesized materials was conducted by using a surface area analyzer, temperature programmed analysis, an X-ray powder diffraction analyzer, scanning electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, a transmission electron microscope, inductively coupled plasma and Fourier transform Infra-red spectroscopy. [3] Systematic characterizations of gold catalysts by atomic emission spectroscopy, N2 physisorption, X-ray powder diffraction, H2 chemisorption, transmission electron microscopy, temperature programmed reduction by hydrogen and measurement of oxygen storage capacity allowed detailed monitoring of their characteristics. [4]촉매는 X선 분말 회절(XRD), N2 물리흡착, 투과 전자 현미경(TEM), 에너지 분산 분광법(EDS) 매핑, X선 광전자 분광법(XPS), H2 온도 프로그램 환원(H2- TPR), CO2 온도 프로그램 탈착(CO2-TPD) 등. [1] 노출 전 및 후 촉매의 물리화학적 특성은 XRD(X-Ray Powder Diffraction), H2-TPR(Hydrogen Temperature Programmed Reduction) 및 FE-SEM(Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope)으로 특성화되었습니다. [2] 합성 물질의 특성화는 표면적 분석기, 온도 프로그램 분석, X선 분말 회절 분석기, 에너지 분산형 X선 분광기를 이용한 주사 전자 현미경, 투과 전자 현미경, 유도 결합 플라즈마 및 푸리에를 사용하여 수행되었습니다. 적외선 분광법을 변환합니다. [3] nan [4]
density functional theory 밀도 함수 이론
CO adsorption on the MnO(100) surface was studied using temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and density functional theory (DFT). [1] A combination of in situ XANES, temperature programmed oxidation, kinetic and density functional theory results demonstrate that the d-band centers (εd) of Au and Pt metals are upshifted when 39. [2] Temperature programmed desorption results and density functional theory calculations reveal that the difference of temperature-dependent variation on CO Faradaic efficiency and current density between Fe-N-C and Ni-N-C catalysts results from the varied adsorption strength of key reaction intermediates during CO 2 RR. [3] Moreover, soot-temperature programmed reduction, isothermal kinetic study, and density functional theory calculation provided supplementary support for the enhancement effect of Ag-Co3O4 combination in the activation and utilization of surface-adsorbed oxygen. [4]MnO(100) 표면의 CO 흡착은 온도 프로그램 탈착(TPD) 및 밀도 기능 이론(DFT)을 사용하여 연구되었습니다. [1] 현장 XANES, 온도 프로그램 산화, 운동 및 밀도 기능 이론 결과의 조합은 Au 및 Pt 금속의 d-밴드 중심(εd)이 39일 때 상향 이동됨을 보여줍니다. [2] nan [3] nan [4]
nitrogen adsorption desorption 질소 흡착 탈착
In the present study, acidic HY zeolites were supported by cobalt, iron, and zirconium, and the catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, ammonia temperature programmed desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and pyridine-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. [1] The washed fresh and aged electrodes were analyzed by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and nitrogen adsorption/desorption to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the oxygenated functionalities created by ageing and to establish correlations with the pore volume modifications. [2] The activity and stability of the catalyst was monitored by nitrogen adsorption-desorption, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques, which were conducted before and after the runs. [3]본 연구에서 산성 HY 제올라이트는 코발트, 철 및 지르코늄에 의해 지지되었으며 촉매는 분말 X-선 회절, 질소 흡착-탈착, 암모니아 온도 프로그램 탈착, X-선 광전자 분광법 및 피리딘-푸리에로 특성화되었습니다. 적외선 분광법을 변환합니다. [1] 세척된 신선하고 오래된 전극을 온도 프로그램 탈착(TPD) 및 질소 흡착/탈착으로 분석하여 노화에 의해 생성된 산소화 기능을 정성적 및 정량적으로 결정하고 기공 부피 수정과의 상관 관계를 확립했습니다. [2] nan [3]
transform infrared spectroscopy 적외선 분광법 변환
Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), total organic carbon (TOC), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis were performed to analyze the degradation of the NR and characterization of the nanocatalysts. [1] Catalysts prepared were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), and Temperature Programmed Desorption–Ammonia (TPD-NH3). [2] Four catalysts with varied acidity, namely sulfated SiO2, sulfated TiO2, phosphated SiO2, and phosphated TiO2, were prepared via wet impregnation using sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid as precursors, and their structural and acid properties were examined using X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid state 31P magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia. [3]자외선-가시광선 분광법(UV-Vis), 푸리에 변환 적외선 분광법(FT-IR), X선 회절(XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET), 온도 프로그램 탈착(TPD), 총 유기 탄소(TOC) ) 및 가스 크로마토그래피-질량 분석(GC-MS) 분석을 수행하여 NR의 분해 및 나노 촉매의 특성을 분석했습니다. [1] 준비된 촉매는 푸리에 변환 적외선 분광법(FTIR), 전계 방출 주사 전자 현미경(FESEM), X-선 회절(XRD), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller(BET) 및 온도 프로그램 탈착-암모니아(TPD-NH3)를 사용하여 특성화되었습니다. . [2] nan [3]
reflection absorption infrared 반사 흡수 적외선
The adsorption of CO on Pt nanoclusters on a single layer of graphene epitaxially grown on the Ru(0001) surface [Gr/Ru(0001)] was studied with reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). [1] We have used reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and temperature programmed reaction (TPR) to study the selective hydrogenation of acetylene on both a clean Ag(111) surface and on a Pd/Ag(111) single-atom-alloy surface. [2] Surface science methodologies, such as reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD), are ideally suited to studying the interaction of molecules with model astrophysical surfaces. [3]Ru(0001) 표면[Gr/Ru(0001)]에서 에피택셜 성장한 그래핀의 단일 층에 있는 Pt 나노클러스터에 대한 CO 흡착은 반사 흡수 적외선 분광법(RAIRS) 및 온도 프로그램 탈착(TPD)을 사용하여 연구되었습니다. [1] 우리는 깨끗한 Ag(111) 표면과 Pd/Ag(111) 단일 원자 합금 표면 모두에서 아세틸렌의 선택적 수소화를 연구하기 위해 반사 흡수 적외선 분광법(RAIRS)과 온도 프로그래밍 반응(TPR)을 사용했습니다. [2] nan [3]
ray absorption fine 광선 흡수 미세
The methods that are most suitable for surface analysis of glass fibers are also described, including new approaches such as near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and inverse gas chromatography-temperature programmed desorption (IGC-TPD). [1] H2-activated catalysts prepared from cobalt chloride had large Co0 particles (XRD, chemisorption) formed by weak interactions between cobalt chloride and silica (temperature programmed reduction (TPR), TPR with mass spectrometry (TPR-MS), TPR with extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) techniques) and retained Cl-blocked active sites, resulting in poor activity. [2]NEXAFS(근거리 X선 흡수 미세 구조) 및 IGC-TPD(역 가스 크로마토그래피 온도 프로그램 탈착)와 같은 새로운 접근 방식을 포함하여 유리 섬유의 표면 분석에 가장 적합한 방법도 설명되어 있습니다. [1] 염화코발트로부터 제조된 H2 활성화 촉매는 염화코발트와 실리카 사이의 약한 상호작용에 의해 형성된 큰 CoO 입자(XRD, 화학흡착)를 가졌다(TPR(Temperature Programmed Reduction), TPR-MS(mass Spectrometry)를 사용한 TPR, 확장된 X선을 사용한 TPR) 미세 흡수 구조(EXAFS) 및 가장자리 근처 X선 흡수(XANES) 기술) 및 Cl-차단 활성 부위를 유지하여 활성이 저하됩니다. [2]
coal spontaneous combustion 석탄 자연 연소
To reduce coal spontaneous combustion hazards, establishing accurate and reliable prediction system, with 12# coal seam with TongXin ore as object, using the large platform of coal spontaneous combustion simulation of coal spontaneous combustion process, the oxygen consumption rate, exothermal intensity and other characteristic parameters were analyzed, and based on the method of index gases, temperature programmed experiments, summarizes the characteristics of the temperature and gas change rule. [1]석탄 자연 연소 위험을 줄이기 위해 석탄 자연 연소 과정, 산소 소비율, 발열 강도 및 기타 특성에 대한 석탄 자연 연소 시뮬레이션의 대형 플랫폼을 사용하여 TongXin 광석을 대상으로 12# 탄층을 사용하여 정확하고 신뢰할 수 있는 예측 시스템을 구축합니다. 매개변수를 분석하고, 지표 가스의 방법, 온도 프로그래밍된 실험을 기반으로 온도 및 가스 변경 규칙의 특성을 요약합니다. [1]
scanning transmission electron 스캐닝 전송 전자
The freshly prepared catalysts were characterized using complementary methods including scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). [1]새로 준비된 촉매는 주사 투과 전자 현미경(STEM) 및 온도 프로그래밍 환원(TPR)을 포함한 보완적인 방법을 사용하여 특성화되었습니다. [1]
ray absorption near 근처의 광선 흡수
Temperature Programmed Reduction and in situ X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy indicate a direct relationship between the silica molar content on the metal-support interaction and ceria dispersion and reducibility. [1]온도 프로그램 감소 및 가장자리 분광기 부근의 제자리 X선 흡수는 금속 지지체 상호작용에 대한 실리카 몰 함량과 세리아 분산 및 환원성 사이의 직접적인 관계를 나타냅니다. [1]
Hydrogen Temperature Programmed 프로그래밍된 수소 온도
This mechanism is suggested by a hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) analysis, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. [1] Physicochemical properties of the pre- and post-exposure catalysts were characterized by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Hydrogen Temperature Programmed Reduction (H2-TPR), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). [2] Hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) measurements and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy following CO adsorption revealed that the quality of the Pd–support oxide interface as well as the surface state of Pd particles are strongly affected by high-temperature engine ageing. [3] The reducibility of the prepared bimetallic nanoparticles was measured by hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (TPR-H2). [4] High resolution Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray power diffraction, Hydrogen temperature programmed reduction etc. [5] Hydrogen temperature programmed reduction analysis confirms that the reducibility increases with an increase in the La content in La-CeO2. [6] The physcochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE/TEM), and hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR). [7] The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser Raman, transition electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and Brunauer-Teller-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area techniques. [8] Lattice symmetry had significant effect on lowering the Ni reduction temperature determined by hydrogen temperature programmed reduction and a correlation between reduction temperature and crystal tolerance factor was found. [9] A series of ZnSnPt supported defective MFI zeolites with different SiO2/Al2O3 ratios (30, 110, 700, and∞) and hydroxyl nests concentration were prepared and characterized by multiple techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen physisorption, NH3-TPD, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). [10]이 메커니즘은 수소 온도 프로그래밍 환원(H2-TPR) 분석, 현장 투과 전자 현미경(TEM) 및 밀도 기능 이론(DFT) 계산에 의해 제안됩니다. [1] 노출 전 및 후 촉매의 물리화학적 특성은 XRD(X-Ray Powder Diffraction), H2-TPR(Hydrogen Temperature Programmed Reduction) 및 FE-SEM(Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope)으로 특성화되었습니다. [2] nan [3] nan [4] nan [5] nan [6] nan [7] nan [8] nan [9] nan [10]
H2 Temperature Programmed H2 온도 프로그래밍
The catalysts were characterized systematically by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersed spectroscopy (EDS) mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H2 temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), CO2 temperature programmed desorption (CO2-TPD), and so on. [1] H2 temperature programmed reduction investigation showed that the incorporation of Co species could improve the reducibility of bimetallic catalysts. [2] The growth mechanism of Co3O4 on silicalite-1/SiC catalysts were systematically studied as a function of synthesis time based on comprehensive characterization using N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), H2 temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). [3] The catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, H2 temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), H2 chemisorption, dehydrogenation of cyclohexane model reaction and Raman spectroscopy. [4] The interaction between Pt and the spinel oxide facilitated the activation of the oxygen species as evidenced by the H2 temperature programmed reduction results, and weakened the adsorption strength of CO on the Pt atoms as revealed by the in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy results and kinetic investigation. [5] The Ni–Fe catalysts were characterized by XRD, inductively coupled plasma, and SEM-EDS measurements, and their performance and chemical properties were measured by H2 temperature programmed reduction experiments. [6]촉매는 X선 분말 회절(XRD), N2 물리흡착, 투과 전자 현미경(TEM), 에너지 분산 분광법(EDS) 매핑, X선 광전자 분광법(XPS), H2 온도 프로그램 환원(H2- TPR), CO2 온도 프로그램 탈착(CO2-TPD) 등. [1] H2 온도 프로그래밍된 환원 조사는 Co 종의 통합이 바이메탈 촉매의 환원성을 향상시킬 수 있음을 보여주었습니다. [2] nan [3] nan [4] nan [5] nan [6]
Co2 Temperature Programmed Co2 온도 프로그래밍
Various characterization techniques such as N2-physical adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and CO2 temperature programmed desorption (TPD) were utilized to analyze the structural and electronic properties. [1] Their surface properties, oxygen desorption behaviour, CO2 adsorption capacity, structure stability under working conditions, activation mechanism and CO2 electroreduction kinetics processes are studied by various characterization methods, such as O2 or CO2 temperature programmed desorption, in situ X-ray diffraction, near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, quasi situ infrared spectroscopy and distribution of relaxation time analysis. [2] The CO2 temperature programmed desorption measurement of the reduced catalysts showed that urea hydrolysis catalysts possessed higher surface basicity as compared to coprecipitation catalysts. [3] In this study, the effects of urea hydrolysis temperature and Li amount on the catalyst structure, morphology, and particle size were analyzed combining various characterization techniques, including N2 adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2 temperature-programmed reduction, CO2 temperature programmed desorption, CO temperature programmed desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. [4]N2-물리적 흡착, X-선 회절(XRD), 투과 전자 현미경(TEM), X-선 광전자 분광법(XPS) 및 CO2 온도 프로그램 탈착(TPD)과 같은 다양한 특성화 기술을 사용하여 구조 및 전자 특성을 분석했습니다. . [1] 표면 특성, 산소 탈착 거동, CO2 흡착 용량, 작업 조건에서의 구조 안정성, 활성화 메커니즘 및 CO2 전기 환원 동역학 과정은 O2 또는 CO2 온도 프로그램 탈착, 현장 X선 회절, 주변 환경과 같은 다양한 특성화 방법에 의해 연구됩니다. 압력 X선 광전자 분광법, 유사 위치 적외선 분광법 및 이완 시간 분포 분석. [2] nan [3] nan [4]
Nh3 Temperature Programmed Nh3 온도 프로그래밍
The obtained hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorpotion, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), NH3 temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) and pyridine adsorption Fourier-transform infrared (Py-IR). [1] NH3 Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) results suggested that the enhanced catalytic performance was predominantly attributed to the Co that decreases the energy barrier for the associative decomposition of N to form N2. [2] Consistent with results from in-situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra upon NH3 solvation [47] and quantification from NH3 temperature programmed desorption (TPD) experiments [33], the model considers a maximum NH3/Cu ratio of 2 for Z2Cu sites, 1 for ZCuOH sites and 2 for ZCu sites. [3] The obtained heterogeneous catalysts were comprehensively characterized by powder FTIR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectra, NH3 temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). [4]얻어진 계층적 ZSM-5 제올라이트는 X선 회절(XRD), N2 흡착, 주사 전자 현미경(SEM), 투과 전자 현미경(TEM), NH3 온도 프로그램 탈착(NH3-TPD) 및 피리딘 흡착 푸리에 변환으로 특성화되었습니다. 적외선(Py-IR). [1] NH3 TPD(Temperature Programmed Desorption) 결과는 향상된 촉매 성능이 주로 N2를 형성하기 위한 N의 결합 분해에 대한 에너지 장벽을 감소시키는 Co에 기인한다고 제안했습니다. [2] nan [3] nan [4]
O2 Temperature Programmed 프로그래밍된 O2 온도
PBCO impregnation mainly affects the low-frequency region of the composite electrode, which is also confirmed by the electrical conductivity relaxation (ECR) and O2 temperature programmed desorption (O2-TPD) measurements. [1] The in-situelectron paramagnetic resonance and O2 temperature programmed desorption analysis indicated that the generation of Zn+/O− active centers and active oxygen species could be promoted by the rich surface VO on mesoporous ZnO nanosheets. [2]PBCO 함침은 주로 복합 전극의 저주파 영역에 영향을 미치며, 이는 전기 전도도 완화(ECR) 및 O2 온도 프로그램 탈착(O2-TPD) 측정으로도 확인됩니다. [1] 현장 전자 상자성 공명 및 O2 온도 프로그래밍된 탈착 분석은 Zn+/O- 활성 중심 및 활성 산소 종의 생성이 메조포러스 ZnO 나노시트의 풍부한 표면 VO에 의해 촉진될 수 있음을 나타냅니다. [2]
temperature programmed desorption 온도 프로그램 탈착
The adsorption of the C2 hydrocarbons, including ethane, ethene, and ethyne, are studied on magnetite Fe3O4(001) by a combination of molecular beam dosing, temperature programmed desorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. [1] In the present study, acidic HY zeolites were supported by cobalt, iron, and zirconium, and the catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, ammonia temperature programmed desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and pyridine-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. [2] To investigate the crystal transformation of the VPO catalyst, the properties of fresh and evaluated VPO catalysts were measured by a series of characterization methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption and desorption, NH3-temperature programmed desorption (TPD), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). [3] UV-vis spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption, and H2-temperature programmed reduction analyses all evidence monotonic decreases in NSO density upon thermal treatment; crucially, these decreases persist upon exposure to ethane and oxygen under oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODHE) reaction conditions. [4] According to the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), HCl adsorption experiments, and acetylene temperature programmed desorption (C2H2-TPD), it is reasonable to conclude that the interaction between Sn and S not only can retard the oxidation of Sn2+ in catalysts but also strengthen the reactant adsorption capacity of tin-based catalysts. [5] O2 adsorption on MnO(100) precovered with sodium (Na) multilayers was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). [6] Temperature programmed desorption of CO2 and XRD studies revealed the K2O species, a strong basic site formed by the substitution of the Ca2+ in CaO lattice by K+, might have great contribution for the high conversion of phenol and good selectivity of anisole. [7] Fixed-bed reactor was used for this investigation, while the catalyst characterization has been done mainly by X-ray Adsorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), CO2-temperature programmed desorption (TPD). [8] These materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption of ammonia and BET surface area measurements to be investigate the structural and acidity properties of catalyst. [9] In this work we have investigated the role of bridge bonded oxygen vacancy (Ov) in methyl groups and carbon monoxide (CO) adsorption on rutile TiO2(110) (R-TiO2(110)) with the temperature programmed desorption technique. [10] We present a scheme to extract the adsorption energy, adsorbate interaction parameter and the saturation coverage from temperature programmed desorption (TPD) experiments. [11] Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), total organic carbon (TOC), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis were performed to analyze the degradation of the NR and characterization of the nanocatalysts. [12] Herein, the effect of alkali/alkaline earth metals on sulfur migration was investigated based on the dynamic adsorption and temperature programmed desorption experiment. [13] The prepared adsorbents were characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray (FESEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and CO2-temperature programmed desorption (CO2-TPD). [14] Physico-chemical properties of the catalysts were assessed by different spectroscopic approaches like X-ray diffraction, Laser Raman, BET-surface area, FT-IR, pyridine adsorbed FT-IR and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia. [15] Various methods such as solid characterization, temperature programmed desorption, molecular dynamics and quantum chemical simulation were used to explore the structure-effect relationship between the physicochemical properties of biochar and the adsorption of CO2 and NH3. [16] The effects of sulfuric acid concentration and calcination temperature on physiochemical properties, interaction of sulfur species with the oxides in clay, distribution of Bronsted acid sites and Lewis acid sites were characterized with XRD, pore structure analysis, FT-IR, elemental analysis, NH3-temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) and Pyridine-DRIFTS etc. [17] In this work, differential thermogravimetric (DTG), electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) we re used to reveal the adsorption-regeneration process of H2S and the effect of adsorption products on carbon consumption. [18] The basicity of the materials is determined from a CO2‐temperature programmed desorption. [19] The physicochemical properties of the zeotypes were studied using XRD (X-ray diffraction), N2 adsorption-desorption, temperature programmed desorption of NH3 and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). [20] Various characterization techniques such as N2-physical adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and CO2 temperature programmed desorption (TPD) were utilized to analyze the structural and electronic properties. [21] The adsorption of CO on Pt nanoclusters on a single layer of graphene epitaxially grown on the Ru(0001) surface [Gr/Ru(0001)] was studied with reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). [22] Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of NH3 and infrared (IR) spectroscopy measurements after CO and pyridine adsorption were used in order to probe the effect of the cations present in the acidity of the waste-derived materials. [23] CO adsorption on the MnO(100) surface was studied using temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and density functional theory (DFT). [24] The properties of the catalysts were investigated by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Raman spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption (TPD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy (DRIFTs), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). [25] The adsorbents were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, CO2 adsorption isotherm at 25 °C, 1 atm and temperature programmed desorption for CO2 (CO2-TPD). [26] Relevant samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption, temperature programmed desorption of NH3 or CO2 (NH3-TPD, CO2-TPD). [27] Oxygen temperature programmed desorption (O2-TPD) profiles showed that there was only one oxygen species desorption from ZnGa2O4 sample, while the Zn1-xCoxGa2O4 (0. [28] The obtained hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorpotion, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), NH3 temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) and pyridine adsorption Fourier-transform infrared (Py-IR). [29] The methods that are most suitable for surface analysis of glass fibers are also described, including new approaches such as near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and inverse gas chromatography-temperature programmed desorption (IGC-TPD). [30] The crystalline, structural, textural and acid properties of the composite zeolites, as well as the parent ZSM-5, were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), nitrogen adsorption/desorption analyses (BET) and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) techniques. [31] The adsorbents were characterized by the N2-sorption, spectroscopies; (XRD, FTIR and Raman), microscopies (SEM and TEM) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) techniques. [32] Detailed comparisons of our simulation results with experimental temperature programmed desorption (TPD) spectra enable us to validate the mechanism and identify rate determining steps. [33] SiO2, ZnO, ZrO2, CeO2 and MgO) with modified crystal size (18–50 nm, from XRD), specific surface area (8–176 m2 g−1) and total surface basicity (based on carbon dioxide temperature programmed desorption (CO2-TPD)). [34] NH3 Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) results suggested that the enhanced catalytic performance was predominantly attributed to the Co that decreases the energy barrier for the associative decomposition of N to form N2. [35] The results were affirmed by the mercury temperature programmed desorption experiments. [36] Better CO2 adsorption and activation abilities also are proved in Co-CN by CO2 adsorption, temperature programmed desorption (TPD), and sensor tests. [37] The re-dispersion was confirmed by various characterization techniques of transmission electron microscopy, CO chemisorption, CO-diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform, CO-temperature programmed desorption, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. [38] Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) shows how the desorption of the molecules is affected by the presence of water ice. [39] Based on simulated temperature programmed desorption (TPD), maximum conversion of guaiacol can be expected at 70% surface coverage of this species. [40] Temperature programmed desorption spectroscopy confirms the formation of SO2, which desorbs from the surface between 100 and 500 K. [41] Consistent with results from in-situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra upon NH3 solvation [47] and quantification from NH3 temperature programmed desorption (TPD) experiments [33], the model considers a maximum NH3/Cu ratio of 2 for Z2Cu sites, 1 for ZCuOH sites and 2 for ZCu sites. [42] The washed fresh and aged electrodes were analyzed by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and nitrogen adsorption/desorption to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the oxygenated functionalities created by ageing and to establish correlations with the pore volume modifications. [43] PBCO impregnation mainly affects the low-frequency region of the composite electrode, which is also confirmed by the electrical conductivity relaxation (ECR) and O2 temperature programmed desorption (O2-TPD) measurements. [44] Their surface properties, oxygen desorption behaviour, CO2 adsorption capacity, structure stability under working conditions, activation mechanism and CO2 electroreduction kinetics processes are studied by various characterization methods, such as O2 or CO2 temperature programmed desorption, in situ X-ray diffraction, near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, quasi situ infrared spectroscopy and distribution of relaxation time analysis. [45] Post-mortem experiments by gas adsorption and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) on the aged electrodes revealed that after long-term operation, the porous texture and surface chemistry of the positive electrode is more affected than the negative one. [46] The in-situelectron paramagnetic resonance and O2 temperature programmed desorption analysis indicated that the generation of Zn+/O− active centers and active oxygen species could be promoted by the rich surface VO on mesoporous ZnO nanosheets. [47] Magnetic MnO2-Fe3O4 oxides were prepared by α-MnO2 and Fe3O4 and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature programmed desorption of NH3/CO2 (NH3/CO2-TPD) and Fourier transform infrared reflection spectra of pyridine adsorption (Py-FTIR). [48] We demonstrate this for the case of atomically dispersed Rh on Al2O3 and TiO2 using a combination of CO probe molecule FTIR, temperature programmed desorption, and alkene hydrogenation rate measurements. [49] NH₃-Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and pyridine FTIR have shown that the effectiveness of a catalyst is accounted for not primarily by the actual strength of acidic sites, but is due to the presence of Lewis acidic sites compared to Bronsted sites. [50]에탄, 에텐 및 에틴을 포함한 C2 탄화수소의 흡착은 분자 빔 투여, 온도 프로그램 탈착 및 X선 광전자 분광법의 조합에 의해 자철석 Fe3O4(001)에 대해 연구됩니다. [1] 본 연구에서 산성 HY 제올라이트는 코발트, 철 및 지르코늄에 의해 지지되었으며 촉매는 분말 X-선 회절, 질소 흡착-탈착, 암모니아 온도 프로그램 탈착, X-선 광전자 분광법 및 피리딘-푸리에로 특성화되었습니다. 적외선 분광법을 변환합니다. [2] VPO 촉매의 결정 변형을 조사하기 위해 X선 회절(XRD), N2 흡착 및 탈착, NH3-온도 프로그램 탈착(TPD), 라만 분광법 및 X선 광전자 분광법(XPS). [3] UV-vis 분광법, 온도 프로그래밍된 탈착 및 H2-온도 프로그래밍된 환원은 열처리 시 NSO 밀도의 단조 감소의 모든 증거를 분석합니다. 결정적으로, 이러한 감소는 에탄의 산화적 탈수소화(ODHE) 반응 조건에서 에탄 및 산소에 노출될 때 지속됩니다. [4] nan [5] nan [6] 온도 프로그램된 CO2 탈착 및 XRD 연구는 CaO 격자의 Ca2+가 K+로 치환되어 형성된 강한 염기성 부위인 K2O 종이 페놀의 높은 전환율과 아니솔의 우수한 선택성에 큰 기여를 할 수 있음을 보여주었습니다. [7] 이 조사에는 고정층 반응기가 사용되었으며, 촉매 특성화는 주로 X선 흡착 분광법(XAS), X선 회절법(XRD), CO2 온도 프로그램 탈착(TPD)에 의해 수행되었습니다. [8] 이들 물질은 촉매의 구조적 및 산성 특성을 조사하기 위해 X선 회절, FT-IR 분광법, 라만 분광법, 암모니아의 온도 프로그래밍된 탈착 및 BET 표면적 측정에 의해 특성화되었습니다. [9] 이 작업에서 우리는 온도 프로그래밍된 탈착 기술을 사용하여 금홍석 TiO2(110)(R-TiO2(110))에 대한 메틸기 및 일산화탄소(CO) 흡착에서 가교 결합된 산소 결손(Ov)의 역할을 조사했습니다. [10] 우리는 온도 프로그램된 탈착(TPD) 실험에서 흡착 에너지, 흡착물 상호 작용 매개변수 및 포화 범위를 추출하는 방식을 제시합니다. [11] 자외선-가시광선 분광법(UV-Vis), 푸리에 변환 적외선 분광법(FT-IR), X선 회절(XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET), 온도 프로그램 탈착(TPD), 총 유기 탄소(TOC) ) 및 가스 크로마토그래피-질량 분석(GC-MS) 분석을 수행하여 NR의 분해 및 나노 촉매의 특성을 분석했습니다. [12] 여기에서는 동적 흡착 및 온도 프로그래밍된 탈착 실험을 기반으로 알칼리/알칼리 토금속이 황 이동에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. [13] 제조된 흡착제는 에너지 분산 X선(FESEM-EDX), X선 회절(XRD), N2 물리흡착, 푸리에 변환 적외선 분광법(FTIR), 열중량 분석(TGA)이 장착된 전계 방출 주사 전자 현미경으로 특성화되었습니다. ) 및 CO2 온도 프로그램 탈착(CO2-TPD). [14] 촉매의 물리화학적 특성은 X-선 회절, 레이저 라만, BET-표면적, FT-IR, 피리딘 흡착 FT-IR 및 암모니아의 온도 프로그램 탈착과 같은 다양한 분광학적 접근에 의해 평가되었습니다. [15] 고체 특성화, 온도 프로그래밍된 탈착, 분자 역학 및 양자 화학 시뮬레이션과 같은 다양한 방법을 사용하여 바이오 숯의 물리화학적 특성과 CO2 및 NH3 흡착 사이의 구조-효과 관계를 조사했습니다. [16] 황산 농도와 소성 온도가 물리화학적 특성에 미치는 영향, 황 종의 산화물과 점토 내 산화물의 상호작용, Bronsted acid site와 Lewis acid site의 분포는 XRD, pore structure analysis, FT-IR, elemental analysis, NH3- 온도 프로그램 탈착(NH3-TPD) 및 피리딘-DRIFTS 등 [17] nan [18] 재료의 염기도는 CO2 온도 프로그램된 탈착에서 결정됩니다. [19] zeotypes의 물리화학적 특성은 XRD(X-ray diffraction), N2 흡착-탈착, NH3의 온도 프로그램 탈착 및 SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy)을 사용하여 연구되었습니다. [20] N2-물리적 흡착, X-선 회절(XRD), 투과 전자 현미경(TEM), X-선 광전자 분광법(XPS) 및 CO2 온도 프로그램 탈착(TPD)과 같은 다양한 특성화 기술을 사용하여 구조 및 전자 특성을 분석했습니다. . [21] Ru(0001) 표면[Gr/Ru(0001)]에서 에피택셜 성장한 그래핀의 단일 층에 있는 Pt 나노클러스터에 대한 CO 흡착은 반사 흡수 적외선 분광법(RAIRS) 및 온도 프로그램 탈착(TPD)을 사용하여 연구되었습니다. [22] NH3의 온도 프로그램 탈착(TPD) 및 CO 및 피리딘 흡착 후 적외선(IR) 분광 측정을 사용하여 폐기물 유래 물질의 산성도에 존재하는 양이온의 효과를 조사했습니다. [23] MnO(100) 표면의 CO 흡착은 온도 프로그램 탈착(TPD) 및 밀도 기능 이론(DFT)을 사용하여 연구되었습니다. [24] 촉매의 특성은 BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) 분석, 라만 분광법, TPD(온도 프로그램 탈착), TPR(온도 프로그램 환원), 원위치 확산 반사 적외선 푸리에 변환 분광법(DRIFT) 및 X선 광전자 분광법(XPS). [25] 흡착제는 X선 회절(XRD), N2 흡착-탈착 등온선, 25°C, 1 atm에서의 CO2 흡착 등온선 및 CO2(CO2-TPD)에 대한 온도 프로그램 탈착을 사용하여 특성화되었습니다. [26] nan [27] nan [28] 얻어진 계층적 ZSM-5 제올라이트는 X선 회절(XRD), N2 흡착, 주사 전자 현미경(SEM), 투과 전자 현미경(TEM), NH3 온도 프로그램 탈착(NH3-TPD) 및 피리딘 흡착 푸리에 변환으로 특성화되었습니다. 적외선(Py-IR). [29] NEXAFS(근거리 X선 흡수 미세 구조) 및 IGC-TPD(역 가스 크로마토그래피 온도 프로그램 탈착)와 같은 새로운 접근 방식을 포함하여 유리 섬유의 표면 분석에 가장 적합한 방법도 설명되어 있습니다. [30] 복합 제올라이트와 모 ZSM-5의 결정질, 구조적, 조직 및 산 특성은 X선 회절(XRD), 전계 방출 주사 전자 현미경(FESEM), 질소 흡착/탈착 분석(BET)으로 특성화되었습니다. ) 및 암모니아의 온도 프로그램 탈착(NH3-TPD) 기술. [31] 흡착제는 N2-수착, 분광법으로 특징지어졌습니다. (XRD, FTIR 및 Raman), 현미경(SEM 및 TEM) 및 온도 프로그램 탈착(TPD) 기술. [32] nan [33] nan [34] NH3 TPD(Temperature Programmed Desorption) 결과는 향상된 촉매 성능이 주로 N2를 형성하기 위한 N의 결합 분해에 대한 에너지 장벽을 감소시키는 Co에 기인한다고 제안했습니다. [35] nan [36] 더 나은 CO2 흡착 및 활성화 능력은 CO2 흡착, 온도 프로그램 탈착(TPD) 및 센서 테스트를 통해 Co-CN에서도 입증되었습니다. [37] nan [38] 온도 프로그램 탈착(TPD)은 분자의 탈착이 얼음의 존재에 의해 어떻게 영향을 받는지 보여줍니다. [39] nan [40] 온도 프로그래밍된 탈착 분광법은 100~500K 사이에서 표면에서 탈착되는 SO2의 형성을 확인합니다. [41] nan [42] 세척된 신선하고 오래된 전극을 온도 프로그램 탈착(TPD) 및 질소 흡착/탈착으로 분석하여 노화에 의해 생성된 산소화 기능을 정성적 및 정량적으로 결정하고 기공 부피 수정과의 상관 관계를 확립했습니다. [43] PBCO 함침은 주로 복합 전극의 저주파 영역에 영향을 미치며, 이는 전기 전도도 완화(ECR) 및 O2 온도 프로그램 탈착(O2-TPD) 측정으로도 확인됩니다. [44] 표면 특성, 산소 탈착 거동, CO2 흡착 용량, 작업 조건에서의 구조 안정성, 활성화 메커니즘 및 CO2 전기 환원 동역학 과정은 O2 또는 CO2 온도 프로그램 탈착, 현장 X선 회절, 주변 환경과 같은 다양한 특성화 방법에 의해 연구됩니다. 압력 X선 광전자 분광법, 유사 위치 적외선 분광법 및 이완 시간 분포 분석. [45] 노후된 전극에 대한 가스 흡착 및 온도 프로그램 탈착(TPD)에 의한 사후 실험은 장기간 작동 후 양극의 다공성 질감과 표면 화학이 음극보다 더 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났습니다. [46] 현장 전자 상자성 공명 및 O2 온도 프로그래밍된 탈착 분석은 Zn+/O- 활성 중심 및 활성 산소 종의 생성이 메조포러스 ZnO 나노시트의 풍부한 표면 VO에 의해 촉진될 수 있음을 나타냅니다. [47] nan [48] 우리는 CO 프로브 분자 FTIR, 온도 프로그래밍된 탈착 및 알켄 수소화 속도 측정의 조합을 사용하여 Al2O3 및 TiO2에 원자적으로 분산된 Rh의 경우에 대해 이를 입증합니다. [49] NH₃-Temperature Programmed Desorption(TPD) 및 pyridine FTIR은 촉매의 효율성이 주로 산성 부위의 실제 강도에 의해 설명되는 것이 아니라 Bronsted 부위에 비해 루이스 산성 부위의 존재로 인한 것임을 보여주었습니다. [50]