Shift Reaction(시프트 반응)란 무엇입니까?
Shift Reaction 시프트 반응 - CO2 hydrogenation over Fe based catalysts occurs as a combination of the primary reverse water-gas-shift reaction to form CO and the subsequent CO hydrogenations to produce olefins and paraffins. [1] This strain hinders subsequent unimolecular hydrogen-shift reactions essential for lowering volatility. [2] Background Rhodospirillum rubrum is a purple non-sulphur bacterium that produces H 2 by photofermentation of several organic compounds or by water gas-shift reaction during CO fermentation. [3] The use of partially hydrated CaOOH in the CFP can create conditions where by-products generated during the ketonisation and phenolics upgrading reactions (CO2, H2O, CO) interact through the adsorption enhance water-gas-shift reaction and through coking reactions with formation of H2 used for hydrogenation during multistep conversion of furfural to cyclopentanone in a vapour phase. [4] Sorption Enhanced Water-Gas Shift (SEWGS) couples the water gas-shift reaction with CO2 adsorption on potassium-promoted hydrotalcite (K-HTC) sorbent material for hydrogen production and CO2 capture. [5] Alternatively, iron carbide-based catalysts are suitable for the coproduction of paraffinic waxes alongside liquid (and gaseous) olefin chemicals; however, their activity for the water–gas-shift reaction (WGSR) is notoriously detrimental when hydrogen-rich syngas feeds, for example, derived from (unconventional) natural gas, are to be converted. [6] 27 mmol·g−1) over HY facilitates the intramolecular C2 → C1 H-shift reaction over the glucopyranose ring, which is the rate-determining step during Lewis acid-catalyzed steps of the glucose isomerization. [7] In the present study, we provide evidence that hydroxy-carboxylic acids, namely methyltartaric acids (MTA) are: (1) reliable isoprene tracers, (2) likely produced via rapid peroxy radical hydrogen atom (H) shift reactions (autoxidation mechanism) and analogous alkoxy radical H shifts in low and high NOx environments respectively and (3) representative of aged ambient aerosol in the low NOx regime. [8] 9%) via the reverse water-gas-shift reaction, by applying carbothermal hydrogen reduction to generate Mo oxycarbide clusters in situ. [9] The enhanced water-gas-shift reaction in the Pd-Cu CMR packed with a high-temperature shift catalyst was experimentally conducted by using a carbon monoxide (CO)/hydrogen (H2)/carbon dioxide (CO2) mixture (65:30:5 vol%) at 360–380 °C, 6–10 bar, and a steam/carbon (s/c) ratio of 1–5. [10] Atomic Fe, with a high electron density at its conduction band, exhibits a superior intrinsic activity and stability in CO2 hydrogenation to CO per Fe compared to corresponding surface Fe clusters and other Fe catalysts reported for reverse water-gas-shift reactions. [11] The inverse catalyst 'cerium oxide (ceria) on copper' has attracted much interest in recent time because of its promising catalytic activity in the water-gas-shift reaction and the hydrogenation of CO2. [12] These hydrogen-shift reactions are very interesting mechanistically although they are highly endothermic. [13] It was observed from XRD, Mossbauer and magnetic results that the cobalt ferrite was maintained when the reaction was performed in the presence of CO2 and it was reduced in tests carried out in the absence of CO2, showing that CO2 has the role of regenerating the lattice oxygen and iron species of spinel, consuming H2 through the reverse water–gas-shift reaction. [14]Fe 기반 촉매에 대한 CO2 수소화는 CO를 형성하기 위한 1차 역수-가스-이동 반응과 올레핀 및 파라핀을 생성하기 위한 후속 CO 수소화의 조합으로 발생합니다. [1] 이 균주는 휘발성을 낮추는 데 필수적인 후속 단분자 수소 이동 반응을 방해합니다. [2] 배경 로도스피릴룸 루브룸(Rhodospirillum rubrum)은 여러 유기 화합물의 광발효 또는 CO 발효 중 물 가스 이동 반응에 의해 H 2 를 생성하는 보라색 비황 박테리아입니다. [3] CFP에서 부분적으로 수화된 CaOOH를 사용하면 케톤화 및 페놀릭 업그레이드 반응(CO2, H2O, CO) 동안 생성된 부산물이 흡착을 통해 상호 작용하고 물 가스 이동 반응을 강화하고 코킹 반응을 통해 H2가 형성되는 조건을 만들 수 있습니다. 푸르푸랄을 기상에서 사이클로펜타논으로 다단계 전환하는 동안 수소화에 사용됩니다. [4] SEWGS(Sorption Enhanced Water-Gas Shift)는 수소 생산 및 CO2 포집을 위한 칼륨 촉진 하이드로탈사이트(K-HTC) 흡착재에 대한 CO2 흡착과 수성 가스 전환 반응을 결합합니다. [5] 대안적으로, 탄화철 기반 촉매는 액체(및 기체) 올레핀 화학물질과 함께 파라핀 왁스의 공동 생산에 적합합니다. 그러나 WGSR(water-gas-shift reaction)에 대한 활성은 예를 들어 (비 전통적인) 천연 가스에서 파생된 수소가 풍부한 합성 가스 공급이 전환되어야 할 때 악명이 높습니다. [6] 27mmol·g-1) over HY는 글루코피라노오스 고리에 대한 분자내 C2 → C1 H-이동 반응을 촉진하며, 이는 루이스 산 촉매에 의한 포도당 이성질화 단계 중 속도 결정 단계입니다. [7] 현재 연구에서 우리는 히드록시-카르복실산, 즉 메틸타르타르산(MTA)이 (1) 신뢰할 수 있는 이소프렌 추적자, (2) 빠른 과산화 라디칼 수소 원자(H) 이동 반응(자가산화 메커니즘)을 통해 생성될 가능성이 있다는 증거를 제공합니다. 유사한 알콕시 라디칼 H는 각각 낮은 NOx 환경과 높은 NOx 환경에서 이동하고 (3) 낮은 NOx 체제에서 노화된 주변 에어로졸을 나타냅니다. [8] 9%) 역수 가스 이동 반응을 통해 탄소열 수소 환원을 적용하여 현장에서 Mo 옥시카바이드 클러스터를 생성합니다. [9] 고온 이동 촉매가 충전된 Pd-Cu CMR에서 향상된 water-gas-shift 반응은 일산화탄소(CO)/수소(H2)/이산화탄소(CO2) 혼합물(65:30: 5 vol%) 360–380°C, 6–10bar, 증기/탄소(s/c) 비율 1–5 [10] 전도대에서 높은 전자 밀도를 갖는 원자 Fe는 역수-가스-이동 반응에 대해 보고된 상응하는 표면 Fe 클러스터 및 기타 Fe 촉매와 비교하여 Fe 당 CO에 대한 CO2 수소화에서 우수한 고유 활성 및 안정성을 나타냅니다. [11] 역촉매 '구리 위의 산화세륨(세륨)'은 물-기체 전환 반응과 CO2의 수소화 반응에서 유망한 촉매 활성 때문에 최근 많은 관심을 끌고 있습니다. [12] 이러한 수소 이동 반응은 흡열성이 높지만 기계적으로 매우 흥미롭습니다. [13] XRD, Mossbauer 및 자기 결과를 통해 CO2 존재하에서 반응시 cobalt ferrite가 유지되고 CO2가 없을 때 감소하는 것으로 관찰되어 CO2가 격자를 재생시키는 역할을 함을 알 수 있었다. 산소와 철 종의 스피넬은 역수-기체-이동 반응을 통해 H2를 소모합니다. [14]
ionic liquid phase 이온성 액체상
A monolithic membrane reactor combining the supported ionic liquid-phase (SILP) catalyzed ultra-low temperature water–gas shift reaction (WGSR) with in situ product removal is presented. [1] Supported ionic liquid-phase catalysts prepared from [Ru(CO)3Cl2]2 and imidazolium chloride salts were used in reverse water-gas shift reaction in a fixed-bed flow reaction system. [2] Supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalysis enables a highly efficient, Ru-based, homogeneously catalyzed water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) between 100 °C and 150 °C. [3]지지된 이온성 액체상(SILP) 촉매화된 초저온 물-가스 이동 반응(WGSR)과 현장 생성물 제거를 결합한 모놀리식 막 반응기가 제시됩니다. [1] [Ru(CO)3Cl2]2 및 imidazolium chloride 염으로 제조된 지지된 이온성 액상 촉매는 고정층 유동 반응 시스템에서 역수-기체 전환 반응에 사용되었습니다. [2] nan [3]
steam methane reforming 증기 메탄 개질
With 40 vol % steam addition, steam methane reforming and water gas shift reaction were prevailed at the temperature below 640 °C, above which methane dry reforming and reverse-water gas shift reaction were intensified. [1] 24 at 700, 800, and 900 °C, respectively, which are very close to the theoretical values for the steam methane reforming and water gas shift reactions. [2] For hydrogen, most of the world-wide demand, which exceeds 65 million tons, is covered currently by steam methane reforming coupled with the water-gas shift reaction. [3]40 vol% 증기 첨가로 증기 메탄 개질 및 수성 가스 전환 반응은 640 °C 미만의 온도에서 우세했으며 그 이상에서는 메탄 건식 개질 및 역수성 가스 전환 반응이 강화되었습니다. [1] 각각 700, 800 및 900 °C에서 24로 측정되었으며, 이는 증기 메탄 개질 및 수성 가스 이동 반응에 대한 이론적인 값에 매우 가깝습니다. [2] nan [3]
Ga Shift Reaction Ga 이동 반응
Herein, we report dispersion‐corrected density functional theory (DFT‐D3) calculations of the adsorption of CO2 and the elementary steps involved in its reduction through the reverse water‐gas shift reaction on a defective FeS (001) surface containing sulfur vacancies. [1] The water gas shift reaction is an important reaction for H2 production in various industrial applications. [2] The performance of ACS is examined by calculating the isomerization energy of acetone to 2-propenol and the energy of the water–gas shift reaction. [3] ZnO-based catalysts have been intensively studied because of their extraordinary performance in lower olefin synthesis, methanol synthesis and water–gas shift reactions. [4] In this work, we demonstrate a crystal engineering strategy to controllably prepare copper/silica (CuOx/SiO2) catalysts for the reverse water gas shift reaction (RWGS) at high temperatures. [5] It is shown that the nanopowders possess catalytic activity in the reaction of preferential CO oxidation in excess H 2 , while the Pt–Cu supported catalysts, in the low-temperature water gas shift reaction. [6] 9 through the reverse-water gas shift reaction with the aim of adjusting this ratio to a more favorable one for the synthesis of methanol with Cu-based catalysts. [7] Probing CO at a specific site on a metal oxide surface is essential for characterizing various applications such as CO oxidation, hydrogenation, and water-gas shift reaction. [8] Herein is developed a ternary heterostructured catalyst, based on a periodic array of 1D TiN nanotubes, with a TiO2 nanoparticulate intermediate layer and a In2O3-x(OH)y nanoparticulate shell for improved performance in the photocatalytic reverse water gas shift reaction. [9] Furthermore, the thermodynamics simulation expressed that NO emission amount from rice husk combustion is negligible and there is still a probability for CO and H2 to be produced at above 500oC due to Boudouard reaction and homogeneous water gas shift reaction (WGSR). [10] Differences in the crystallographic phase features of Fe-containing catalysts cause the reverse water gas shift reaction to form carbon monoxide, whereas the reduced iron phases initiate the Fischer–Tropsch reaction to produce a mixture of hydrocarbons. [11] The sample with the highest copper content was less selective for methane formation but promoted the reverse water-gas shift reaction. [12] In the presence of CO2 and H2, Pt catalyzes the reverse water–gas shift reaction, which produces more CO and further stabilizes surface Pt atoms at 450 K. [13] With 40 vol % steam addition, steam methane reforming and water gas shift reaction were prevailed at the temperature below 640 °C, above which methane dry reforming and reverse-water gas shift reaction were intensified. [14] The thermocatalytic reduction of CO2 by H2 often proceeds via two competing reaction mechanisms – the reverse water gas shift reaction (rWGSR, CO2+H2⇌CO+H2O) and methanation (CO2+4H2⇌CH4+2H2O). [15] The competing reverse water–gas shift reaction is likewise promoted, resulting in a slightly increased CO selectivity. [16] The catalytic water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) favours the yield of H2 with complete CO conversion at a temperature of 400 °C using the steam/coal ratio of 1. [17] 4%, respectively), indicating that this material can promote the water-gas shift reaction. [18] , water gas shift reaction, WGSR). [19] The concurrence of CO hydrogenation and water–gas shift reaction is also one of the prerequisites to achieve higher catalytic performance. [20] The oxygen-depleted environment in the recompression stroke can convert gasoline fuel into light hydrocarbons due to thermal cracking, partial oxidation, and water-gas shift reactions. [21] The catalytic reduction in carbon dioxide is a crucial step in many chemical industrial reactions, such as methanol synthesis, the reverse water-gas shift reaction, and formic acid synthesis. [22] The formic acid formation is favoured over CO via the reverse water gas shift reaction mechanism on Fe (100). [23] 2 wt% loading, and tested for activity as catalysts and photocatalysts for the water gas shift reaction, WGSR, using a continuous flow, gas phase reactor. [24] With an increase in the rate of H2 recovery from the reaction mixture by permeate evacuation, the degree of conversion by the water gas shift reaction yielding H2 and CO2 increases. [25] A 1%Ni/SBA-15(P) catalyst was synthesized with a P123-assisted impregnation method, which exhibited high CO2 conversion and stability in the reverse water-gas shift reaction. [26] We demonstrate the technical feasibility of a novel and efficient method for the valorization of CO2 produced by the reverse water gas shift reaction (rWGS), while using an extruded NiFe2O4 as cata. [27] The water-gas shift reaction is a key reaction in Fischer-Tropsch-type synthesis, which is widely believed to generate hydrocarbons in the deep carbon cycle, but is little known at extreme pressure-temperature conditions found in Earth’s upper mantle. [28] As a prototypical example, the very well-studied water gas shift reaction catalyzed by CeO2 supported Cu nanoclusters is chosen to probe how the reducible oxide support modifies the catalyst structures, catalytically active sites and even the reaction mechanisms. [29] Improving the CO conversion efficiency and hydrogen production in water-gas shift reaction at low-temperatures is strictly tied to developing a catalyst material with simultaneous high activity a long-term stability which has proven to be a challenge. [30] This project is focused on the synthesis of Fe- and Mg-based nanomaterials from Victorian brown coal fly ash and the applications to water remediation and water gas shift reaction. [31] At low temperature, with both Ce and Ni in an oxidized state, CH4 formation was observed, whereas at high temperature above 500 °C, the reverse water gas shift reaction became dominant, with CO and H2O being the main products. [32] Compound 2b also effectively catalyzes the reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones in the presence of carbon monoxide and water via water-gas shift reaction, giving amines in high yields (67-99%). [33] The experimental results indicated that KOH could promote biomass decomposition and increase the amount of gas products via the water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) by intermediate formation of salts and suppressing the char and tar formation. [34] Gd-doped ceria material from Daiichi was employed as support for water gas shift reaction. [35] The effect of ZnAlLa-LDHs calcinations temperature on physicochemical and catalytic properties of K-decorated Zn-Al-La mixed oxides for water-gas shift reaction was investigated. [36] Sub-process models for fuel decomposition, oxidation and the water gas shift reaction are included in the model. [37] The dissociation of H2O is a crucial aspect for the water-gas shift reaction, which often occurs on the vacancies of a reducible oxide support. [38] We used advanced Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics methods to simulate the water-gas shift reaction in single-walled carbon nanotubes. [39] The MR can be applied in the synthesis of different components like ammonia, liquid fuels, methanol through reverse water gas shift reaction, enzyme synthesis using supercritical–ionic liquid system and reactions based on photocatalytic. [40] However, the tandem spacing between oxide and molecular sieve plays a crucial role, because the suitable intimacy can induce enhanced methanol formation as intermediate via tandem dynamics effect, causing an apparent limitation for reverse water gas shift reaction at high temperature. [41] The other cyclone enhanced the drying and water-gas shift reaction in the drying zone by recirculating the CO and enthalpy from FO and ICM. [42] The results showed that the dehydrogenation and pyrolysis of ethanol were the main ways to generate H2 in the early stage, and the water-gas shift reaction had the most significant impact on hydrogen production in the later stage. [43] The catalyst consists of a nanoporous-silica-encapsulated nickel nanocrystal (Ni@p-SiO2), which is active for methanation and reverse water–gas shift reactions. [44] We applied this kinetic model to investigate the size- and shape-effects of Cu nano-catalysts in the water-gas shift reaction. [45] CO2 hydrogenation to gasoline fuels remains a sticky problem of CO selectivity from reverse water-gas shift reactions over a metal oxide and zeolite bifunctional catalyst. [46] The selected reactions include water-gas shift reaction, CO oxidation, and selective CO2 hydrogenation. [47] Subsequently, CO is discovered after the dissociation of the HCOO species from the reversed water-gas shift reaction, and CH4 is eventually formed after the further hydrogenation of CHxO. [48] The nanopolyhedral Pt@CeO2 catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activity for the water-gas shift reaction, suggesting an intimate interaction between Pt nanoparticles and nanopolyhedral CeO2 that promotes the generation of additional active sites. [49] Methane (CH4) and CO2 production were low in the product gas, which showed the activity of water gas shift reaction, methanation reaction, and carbonation reaction. [50]여기에서 우리는 유황 결손을 포함하는 결함 FeS(001) 표면에 대한 역수성 가스 이동 반응을 통한 CO2 흡착 및 환원과 관련된 기본 단계에 대한 분산 보정 밀도 기능 이론(DFT-D3) 계산을 보고합니다. [1] 수성 가스 이동 반응은 다양한 산업 응용 분야에서 H2 생산을 위한 중요한 반응입니다. [2] nan [3] nan [4] nan [5] nan [6] nan [7] nan [8] nan [9] nan [10] nan [11] nan [12] nan [13] 40 vol% 증기 첨가로 증기 메탄 개질 및 수성 가스 전환 반응은 640 °C 미만의 온도에서 우세했으며 그 이상에서는 메탄 건식 개질 및 역수성 가스 전환 반응이 강화되었습니다. [14] nan [15] nan [16] nan [17] nan [18] nan [19] nan [20] nan [21] nan [22] nan [23] nan [24] nan [25] nan [26] nan [27] nan [28] nan [29] nan [30] nan [31] nan [32] nan [33] nan [34] nan [35] nan [36] nan [37] nan [38] nan [39] nan [40] nan [41] nan [42] nan [43] nan [44] nan [45] nan [46] nan [47] nan [48] nan [49] nan [50]
Water Shift Reaction 물 이동 반응
Further enhancement of syngas quality is proposed in this study by incorporating the water shift reaction to increase H2 concentration. [1] On one hand, the catalyst exhibits high activity for the formaldehyde-water shift reaction, to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide, namely, CH 3 OH→HCHO→H 2. [2] First, the conversion of CH₄ in reforming reaction (XCH₄) and CO conversion in water shift reaction (XCO) were obtained from experimental results under different conditions of reaction temperature (T), steam to methane molar ratios (S/C) and calcium to total carbon molar ratios (Ca/CT). [3]이 연구에서는 H2 농도를 증가시키기 위해 물 이동 반응을 통합함으로써 합성 가스 품질의 추가 향상을 제안합니다. [1] 한편, 촉매는 수소와 이산화탄소를 생성하는 포름알데히드-물 이동 반응, 즉 CH 3 OH→HCHO→H 2에 대해 높은 활성을 나타냅니다. [2] nan [3]
Hydrogen Shift Reaction 수소 이동 반응
The latter reactivity was observed upon reaction with internal alkynes and led to the corresponding η2-alkyne derivatives via vinyl intermediates, which rearrange via a remarkable, hitherto unprecedented, hydrogen shift reaction. [1] Hydrogen shift reactions of organic peroxy radicals RO2 formed in the reaction of isoprene with atmospheric OH radicals are known to be of importance for the regeneration of OH. [2] Hydrogen shift reactions throughout the mechanism lead to increased OH recycling, resulting in less depletion of OH under low-NO conditions than in previous mechanisms. [3]후자의 반응성은 내부 알킨과의 반응에서 관찰되었으며 비닐 중간체를 통해 상응하는 η2-알킨 유도체를 유도했으며, 이는 지금까지 전례 없는 놀라운 수소 이동 반응을 통해 재배열됩니다. [1] 이소프렌과 대기 중 OH 라디칼의 반응에서 형성된 유기 과산화 라디칼 RO2의 수소 이동 반응은 OH의 재생에 중요한 것으로 알려져 있습니다. [2] nan [3]
H Shift Reaction H 이동 반응
The mechanism of this four-component domino process involved sequential imination-dipolar cyclization-[1,5]-H shift reactions. [1] A novel protocol was developed for the construction of highly functionalized 5H-chromeno[4,3-d]pyrimidines (CMPDs) from 3-formylchromones, heterocyclic ketene aminals (HKAs), and amidine hydrochlorides via a novel cascade reaction involving ring-opening and 1,3-H shift reactions. [2] The autoxidation of peroxy radicals (RO2) formed from the addition of molecular oxygen to OH-addition products S2 and S3 leads to the formation of highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs), C4H9O5, in which the 1,5-H shift reaction is favoured. [3]이 4성분 도미노 과정의 메커니즘은 순차 이미미네이션-쌍극자 고리화-[1,5]-H 이동 반응을 포함합니다. [1] 개환 및 1,3-H 이동 반응. [2] nan [3]