Receptor Superfamily(수용체 슈퍼패밀리)란 무엇입니까?
Receptor Superfamily 수용체 슈퍼패밀리 - 2 The CD40, which is inevitable for the proliferation of B cells, is a member of the TNFreceptor superfamily. [1] The profibrotic cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 and the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) also participate in RIF development, and Toll/IL-1R 8 (TIR8), a member of the Toll-like receptor superfamily, has been identified as a negative regulator of IL-1R signaling. [2] In vivo research of the last decade revealed that the anchoring of antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) receptor antibodies to cell-expressed Fcγ receptors (FcγR) can be of decisive relevance for their receptor-stimulatory activity. [3] These include the Trk, tropomyosin-related kinase family of high-affinity tropomyosin-related kinase receptors, which induces cell survival, and the p75NTR, p75 neurotrophin receptor, a member of the tumor necrosis factor(TNF) receptor superfamily, which induces apoptosis in neuronal cells. [4] The classical idea of a G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) activating a single signal pathway has been superseded by the concept of functional pleiotropy for this receptor superfamily. [5] TLR9 belongs to the toll-like receptor superfamily which promotes tumour antigen presentation by stimulating the maturation of dendritic cells. [6]2 B 세포의 증식에 불가피한 CD40은 TNF 수용체 슈퍼패밀리의 구성원입니다. [1] 전섬유화 사이토카인 인터루킨(IL)-1과 IL-1 수용체(IL-1R)도 RIF 발달에 참여하며, Toll-유사 수용체 슈퍼패밀리의 구성원인 Toll/IL-1R 8(TIR8)이 확인되었습니다 IL-1R 신호의 음성 조절자로서. [2] 지난 10년간의 생체 내 연구에 따르면 세포 발현 Fcγ 수용체(FcγR)에 대한 항종양 괴사 인자(TNF) 수용체 슈퍼패밀리(TNFRSF) 수용체 항체의 고정은 수용체 자극 활성과 결정적인 관련이 있을 수 있습니다. [3] 여기에는 세포 생존을 유도하는 고친화성 트로포미오신 관련 키나제 수용체의 트로포미오신 관련 키나제 계열인 Trk와 세포 사멸을 유도하는 종양 괴사 인자(TNF) 수용체 슈퍼패밀리의 구성원인 p75NTR, p75 뉴로트로핀 수용체가 포함됩니다. 신경 세포. [4] 단일 신호 경로를 활성화하는 G 단백질 결합 수용체(GPCR)의 고전적인 아이디어는 이 수용체 슈퍼패밀리에 대한 기능적 다면발현의 개념으로 대체되었습니다. [5] TLR9는 수지상 세포의 성숙을 자극하여 종양 항원 제시를 촉진하는 톨 유사 수용체 슈퍼패밀리에 속합니다. [6]
tumor necrosis factor 종양 괴사 인자
In silico molecular docking was performed between marchantins and apoptosis induction receptor, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (TNFRSF6). [1] 8006Background: Elranatamab (PF-06863135) is a humanized bispecific monoclonal antibody (IgG2a) that targets BCMA, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily expressed in MM, and CD. [2] Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, contributing to inflammation, apoptosis, and differentiation. [3] Background and Purpose CD40 and CD40 ligand (CD40L) are costimulatory molecules of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and well known for their involvement in inflammatory diseases: atherosclerotic mouse models with disrupted CD40 signalling develop lesions of reduced size with a more stable plaque profile. [4] Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12a (Tnfrsf12a) is a receptor for tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 12 (Tnfsf12). [5] However, for antagonism of co-immunostimulatory Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily (TNFRSF) members in therapy of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, a monovalent, pharmacokinetically optimized Anticalin protein format that avoids receptor clustering and therefore potential activation is favored. [6] The tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor (TRAF) family of molecules are intracellular signaling adaptors and control diverse signaling pathways mediated not only by the TNFR superfamily and the Toll-like receptor/interleukin-1 receptor superfamily but also by unconventional cytokine receptors such as IL-6 and IL-17 receptors. [7] CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, serves as a central activator in triggering and transducing a series of severe inflammatory events during the pathological processes of ALI. [8] Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and a major regulatory factor in osteoclast development. [9] CD137 (4‐1BB, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 9) is a surface glycoprotein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family that can be induced on a variety of immunocytes and nonimmune cells, including endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. [10] In a restricted subgroup analysis, we compared only bipolar type 1 with controls and identified two additional proteins that replicated in both cohorts: draxin and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 21 (TNFRSF21), both lower in cases than controls. [11] Among the members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, there are 4-1BB and OX40. [12] Whole exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous TNFRSF13B (Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 13B, or Transmembrane Activator and Calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand Interactor, TACI) gene variant, which is associated with common variable immunodeficiency and the development of autoimmune diseases. [13] 8 × 10-4) and the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 17 (TNFRSF17) gene (P = 3. [14] The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1A (TNFRSF1A), and interferon lambda receptor 1 (IFNLR1) genes encode receptors that mediate the action of inflammatory cytokines. [15] CD27 is a member of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, and plays a central role in B cell-mediated immune response in mammals. [16] Background The tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) and TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) play important roles in the immune responses to infections. [17] According to univariate and multivariate statistics, soluble CD30/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 8 (sCD30/TNFRSF8), and the soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNF-R1) may be considered as effective prognostic factors, their circulating levels were significantly decreased in the allergy group (p-value < 0. [18] DEGs, such as serine protease inhibitor E (SERPINE) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11B (TNFRSF11B), were not only identified as the lead genes of these enriched pathways, but were also found to be closely related to Sec62. [19] CD70, the membrane-binding ligand of the CD27 (a tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily), has been reported to be expressed on the malignant cells of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and follicular lymphomas (FL), as well as Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, and multiple myeloma, but rarely on normal B cells or T cells [2–4]. [20] The tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)/TNF receptor superfamily member fibroblast growth factor inducible 14 (Fn14) pathway has been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of denervation-induced muscle atrophy as well as muscle proliferation, differentiation and metabolism in adults. [21] Genetic variations in tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) 13B have already proved to be associated with immune- related diseases. [22] Here, we have developed a novel adenovirus encoding two immunostimulatory molecules: cluster of differentiation 40 ligand (CD40L) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 ligand (OX40L). [23] Background Genetic variations in the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) 13B have been reported to be associated with immune-related diseases. [24] The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member 11a (TNFRSF11a, also known as RANK) was demonstrated to play an important role in tumor metastasis. [25] Moreover, CGA significantly reduced serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS) levels and the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, NOD-like receptor superfamily pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), and caspase-1, and it inhibited the activation of the toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor kappa B (TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB) signaling pathway in the kidney, resulting in inflammation relief in HUA mice. [26] 74) in men after adding growth/differentiation factor 15, total adiponectin, sex hormone binding globulin and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B (P for difference = 0. [27] CD27 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRS) that regulates lymphocyte function4. [28] Mendelian randomization analysis identified associations of AL with increased blood monocyte counts and the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 17 (TNFRSF17 alias BCMA) protein. [29] Previous studies have shown that tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6b (TNFRSF6B) plays an important role in cancer progression and immunosuppression. [30] Introduction: Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily, which is abundantly expressed in regulatory T cells (Treg) and effector T cells (Teff) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) upon T cell activation. [31] Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is an α tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily glycoprotein that acts as a decoy receptor for the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), exerting an antiresorptive bone effect and also play critical roles in hypogonadism associated osteoporosis. [32] Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, and after it specifically binds to GITR ligand (GITRL), the downstream signals mediated by them can not only serve as a costimulatory molecule to promote the proliferation and cytokine secretion of effector T cells, but also affect the proliferation of regulatory T cells and inhibit the function of effector T cells, thereby regulating the inflammatory response and tumor cell-killing effect of effector T cells. [33] We found that FasL interacts specifically with tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF)10B, also known as death receptor (DR)5. [34] A novel thymidine kinase (TK) gene-deleted oncolytic vaccinia virus (named ΔTK-Armed-VACV) armed with anti-human-programed cell death-1 protein (PD-1) antibody and anti-human-tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 9 (4-1BB) antibody genes was constructed based on Western Reserve in our previous study. [35] Tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 (TNFR2) is a TNF receptor superfamily member which, unlike the well-characterized TNFR1, has been reported to have restricted expression in the immune system especially on suppressive regulatory T cell (Treg). [36] Background Immune system-related receptors CD40 (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5), BAFFR (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13C), and LTβR (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 3) play a pivotal role in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). [37] Background The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 4 (OX40) and its ligand (OX40L) are members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily and play roles as costimulatory immunomodulators to combat infectious diseases as well as cancers. [38] Lastly, we assessed gene expression, specifically in the Treg population, and found that TNFRSF4 (Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 4) was differentially expressed in the core Treg subpopulation. [39] The abnormal cells expressed the B-cell markers Sialyl LewisX/CD15, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 8/CD30, B-cell-specific activator protein/PAX-5, octamer-binding transcription factor 2/Oct2, and programmed death ligand 1/ PD-L1; Epstein–Barr virus–encoded small RNA sequences could not be demonstrated, and the B-cell specific transcriptional co-activator Bob-1 was not expressed. [40] 2634 Background: CD137 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that functions as a potent co-stimulator of both adaptive and innate immune cells, thus making it an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. [41] After adjustment for sex, body mass index (BMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), smoking and multiplicity testing, 11 biomarkers remained significantly associated with urine albumin: thrombospondin 2, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, hepatocyte growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12), C-X-C motif chemokine 9, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B, osteoprotegerin, growth-regulated alpha protein, C-X-C motif chemokine 6, oncostatin-M (OSM) and fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal, despite large differences in molecular weights. [42] 05), and upregulated the mRNA expressions of fasting-induced adipose factor, nuclear respiratory factor 1, mitochondrial transcription factor A, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9, cytochrome-C oxidase IV and free fatty acid receptor 2 (P < 0. [43] Since tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFR SF) members are involved in several immunological processes, we did extensive surface marker expression analysis of several TNFR superfamily members and other immunomodulatory molecules on conventional and regulatory T cells (Tcons vs. [44] The antitumor effect displayed on HeLa cells by RE was associated with the increased expression of antiproliferative molecule P53 and the increased expression of pro-apoptotic molecule tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS). [45] Quantitative analysis of the binding of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily ligands (TNFLs) to TNF receptor superfamily receptors (TNFRs) is of crucial relevance for the understanding of the mechanisms of TNFR activation. [46] CD137 (ILA/4‐1BB), a member of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is one of the most important T cell costimulatory molecules. [47] 032), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B (TRAIL-R2, p = 0. [48] Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is a soluble decoy receptor that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and has been reported to be elevated in several allergic and inflammatory diseases. [49] The DLL3‑targeting antibody‑drug conjugate (ADC) Rova‑T, and DLL3‑targeting chimeric antigen receptor‑modified T cells (CAR‑Ts), AMG 119, are promising anti‑cancer therapeutics, as are other ADCs or CAR‑Ts targeting tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 17, CD19, CD22, CD30, CD79B, CD205, Claudin 18. [50]마칸틴과 세포자멸사 유도 수용체인 종양 괴사 인자 수용체 슈퍼패밀리 구성원 6(TNFRSF6) 사이에 인 실리코 분자 도킹이 수행되었습니다. [1] 8006배경: Elranatamab(PF-06863135)는 MM 및 CD로 발현되는 종양 괴사 인자 수용체 슈퍼패밀리의 구성원인 BCMA를 표적으로 하는 인간화 이중특이성 단일클론 항체(IgG2a)입니다. [2] nan [3] nan [4] nan [5] nan [6] nan [7] nan [8] nan [9] nan [10] nan [11] nan [12] nan [13] nan [14] nan [15] nan [16] nan [17] nan [18] nan [19] nan [20] nan [21] nan [22] nan [23] nan [24] nan [25] nan [26] nan [27] nan [28] nan [29] nan [30] nan [31] nan [32] nan [33] nan [34] nan [35] nan [36] nan [37] nan [38] nan [39] nan [40] nan [41] nan [42] nan [43] nan [44] nan [45] nan [46] nan [47] nan [48] nan [49] nan [50]
proliferator activated receptor 증식제 활성화 수용체
3 One particular protein in lipid metabolism is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a member of the PPAR nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that can be activated by fibrate ligands. [1] Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are the ligand activating transcription factor of the nuclear receptor superfamily. [2] Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are components of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. [3] Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, which regulates the transcription of a variety of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammation, and cell proliferation. [4] The proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is one of the most extensively studied ligand-inducible transcription factors. [5] Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a class of ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. [6] Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulate the expression of genes related to lipid and glucose metabolism and inflammation. [7] The peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. [8] Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily and are key metabolic regulators of the whole-body energy metabolism. [9] BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) include the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors involved in several metabolic processes, including carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. [10]3 지질 대사의 특정 단백질 중 하나는 피브레이트 리간드에 의해 활성화될 수 있는 PPAR 핵 호르몬 수용체 슈퍼패밀리의 구성원인 퍼옥시좀 증식자 활성화 수용체 α(PPARα)입니다. [1] 퍼옥시좀 증식자 활성화 수용체(PPAR)는 핵 수용체 슈퍼패밀리의 전사 인자를 활성화하는 리간드입니다. [2] nan [3] nan [4] nan [5] nan [6] nan [7] nan [8] nan [9] nan [10]
tumour necrosis factor 종양 괴사 인자
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive, anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ ALCL) are B and T cell lymphomas respectively, which express the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member, CD30. [1] In targeted sequencing of 47 genes in tumour-derived DNA from 20 DLBCL-type OIIA-LPD samples, histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D; eight, 40%) and tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14 (TNFRSF14; six, 30%) were the most frequently mutated genes. [2] The best predictors of outcome in both datasets were plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1; AUC 0·878 in the primary dataset and 0·876 in the secondary dataset), soluble thrombomodulin (TM; 0·839 in the primary dataset and 0·875 in the secondary dataset), and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A (TNF-R1; 0·807 in the primary dataset and 0·851 in the secondary dataset), all of which had higher prediction accuracy than viral load (0·774 in the primary dataset and 0·837 in the secondary dataset). [3] The tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) members contain cysteine‐rich domains (CRD) in their extracellular regions, and the membrane‐distal CRD1 forms homologous interactions in the absence of ligand. [4] 0089) and tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10a (TNFRSF10A) (rs13278062, OR=1. [5] The IκB kinase complex, consisting of IKK1, IKK2 and the regulatory subunit NEMO, is required for NF-κB signalling following the activation of several cell surface receptors, such as members of the Tumour Necrosis Factor Receptor superfamily and the Interleukin-1 Receptor. [6]고전적 호지킨 림프종(chHL) 및 역형성 림프종 키나제 양성, 역형성 대세포 림프종(ALK+ ALCL)은 각각 종양 괴사 인자 수용체 슈퍼패밀리 구성원인 CD30을 발현하는 B 및 T 세포 림프종입니다. [1] 20개의 DLBCL 유형 OIIA-LPD 샘플, 히스톤-리신 N-메틸트랜스퍼라제 2D(KMT2D, 8, 40%) 및 종양 괴사 인자 수용체 슈퍼패밀리 구성원 14(TNFRSF14, 6, 30 %)가 가장 빈번하게 돌연변이된 유전자였다. [2] nan [3] nan [4] nan [5] nan [6]
programmed death ligand 프로그램된 죽음 리간드
We found that LT patients with active HCV infection displayed distinct alterations of inflammatory protein biomarkers, such as C‐X‐Cmotif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), caspase 8, C‐C motif chemokine 20 (CCL20), CCL19, interferon γ, CUB domain‐containing protein 1 (CDCP1), interleukin (IL)‐18R1, CXCL11, CCL3, IL8, IL12B, tumor necrosis factor‐beta, CXCL6, osteoprotegerin, IL10, fms‐related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, hepatocyte growth factor, urokinase‐type plasminogen activator, neurotrophin‐3, CCL4, IL6, tumornecrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9, programmed death ligand 1, IL18, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1, and enrichment of peripheral immune cell subsets unlike patients without HCV infection who received transplants. [1] 72 pituitary tumors were evaluated for expression of the immune regulatory markers programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2), V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 (OX40) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). [2] Checkpoints expressed on malignant cells (programmed death ligand 1, B7H3, B7H4, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1) and lymphocytes (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing 3, V-domain suppressor of T-cell activation, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4, lymphocyte activation gene 3, inducible T-cell co-stimulator) were analyzed in intratumoral and stromal compartments, respectively. [3]우리는 활성 HCV 감염이 있는 LT 환자가 C-X-Cmotif 케모카인 10(CXCL10), 카스파제 8, C-C 모티브 케모카인 20(CCL20), CCL19, 인터페론 γ, CUB 도메인과 같은 염증성 단백질 바이오마커의 뚜렷한 변화를 나타냄을 발견했습니다. ‐포함 단백질 1(CDCP1), 인터류킨(IL)-18R1, CXCL11, CCL3, IL8, IL12B, 종양 괴사 인자-베타, CXCL6, 골프로테게린, IL10, fms-related tyrosine kinase-3 리간드, 간세포 성장 인자, 유로키나제 플라스미노겐 활성화제, 뉴로트로핀-3, CCL4, IL6, 종양 괴사 인자 수용체 슈퍼패밀리 구성원 9, 예정 사멸 리간드 1, IL18 및 단핵구 주화성 단백질 1, 그리고 이식을 받은 HCV 감염이 없는 환자와 달리 말초 면역 세포 하위 집합의 농축. [1] 72개의 뇌하수체 종양은 면역 조절 마커 예정 사멸 리간드 1(PD-L1), 예정 사멸 리간드 2(PD-L2), T 세포 활성화의 V-도메인 Ig 억제인자(VISTA), 림프구 활성화 유전자 3( LAG3) 및 면역조직화학(IHC)에 의한 종양 괴사 인자 수용체 슈퍼패밀리 구성원 4(OX40). [2] nan [3]
transcription factors belonging 속하는 전사 인자
Liver X receptor (LXR) α and β are transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily, which play important roles in cholesterol homeostasis. [1] A large body of work has positioned the estrogen-related receptors (ERRs), transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily, as not only master regulators of cellular energy metabolism but, most recently, of ROS metabolism. [2]간 X 수용체(LXR) α 및 β는 콜레스테롤 항상성에 중요한 역할을 하는 핵 수용체 슈퍼패밀리에 속하는 전사 인자입니다. [1] 많은 연구에서 핵 수용체 슈퍼패밀리에 속하는 전사 인자인 에스트로겐 관련 수용체(ERR)를 세포 에너지 대사의 마스터 레귤레이터뿐만 아니라 가장 최근에는 ROS 대사의 마스터 레귤레이터로 지정했습니다. [2]
ligand activated transcription 리간드 활성화 전사
The nuclear receptor superfamily is a family of ligand-activated transcription factors that play a key role in cell metabolism and human diseases. [1] ERα and ERβ are ligand-activated transcription factors of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, while the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) mediates estrogenic signals by modulating non-nuclear second messengers, including activation of the MAP kinase signaling cascade. [2]핵 수용체 슈퍼패밀리는 세포 대사 및 인간 질병에서 핵심적인 역할을 하는 리간드 활성화 전사 인자 패밀리입니다. [1] ERα 및 ERβ는 핵 호르몬 수용체 슈퍼패밀리의 리간드 활성화 전사 인자인 반면, G 단백질 결합 에스트로겐 수용체(GPER)는 MAP 키나제 신호 전달 캐스케이드의 활성화를 포함하여 비핵 2차 전달자를 조절하여 에스트로겐 신호를 매개합니다. [2]