Preclinical Animal
전임상 동물

Preclinical Animal(전임상 동물)란 무엇입니까?

Preclinical Animal 전임상 동물 - Transitional studies involving more cholestatic drugs in preclinical animals with a humanlike BA profile and DIC patients may pave the way for understanding the complex mechanism of DIC in the era of metagenomics. ^[1] By optimizing reaction conditions for temperature as well as the salt and salt concentration, prion seeding activity from both clinical and preclinical animals were detected by RT-QuIC. ^[2]
인간과 유사한 BA 프로필을 가진 전임상 동물과 DIC 환자에서 더 많은 담즙 정체 약물을 포함하는 과도기 연구는 메타게노믹스 시대에 DIC의 복잡한 메커니즘을 이해하는 길을 열 수 있습니다. ^[1] 염분 및 염분 농도뿐만 아니라 온도에 대한 반응 조건을 최적화하여 RT-QuIC로 임상 및 전임상 동물의 프리온 파종 활성을 감지했습니다. ^[2]

Variou Preclinical Animal 다양한 전임상 동물

During the last decade, the therapeutic potency of Treg immunotherapy has been shown in various preclinical animal models and safety was demonstrated in first clinical trials. ^[1] Importantly, MSC spheroids have been applied in various preclinical animal models including wound healing, bone and osteochondral defects, and cardiovascular diseases showing safety and efficacy in vivo. ^[2] This review article analyzed various preclinical animal trials and clinical trials and has summarized various groups of drugs that can be life-altering in patients diagnosed with NAFLD. ^[3] Moreover, selected compounds were also endowed with in vivo activity in various preclinical animal models for neuropathic pain. ^[4] Indeed, mounting evidence shows that NOP receptor antagonists have antidepressant-like effects in various preclinical animal models of depression, and recent clinical studies again confirmed the idea that blockade of NOP receptor signaling could provide a novel strategy for the treatment of depression. ^[5]
지난 10년 동안 Treg 면역요법의 치료 효능은 다양한 전임상 동물 모델에서 나타났고 첫 번째 임상 시험에서 안전성이 입증되었습니다. ^[1] 중요한 것은 MSC 스페로이드가 상처 치유, 뼈 및 골연골 결함, 생체 내에서 안전성과 효능을 나타내는 심혈관 질환을 포함한 다양한 전임상 동물 모델에 적용되었다는 것입니다. ^[2] 이 리뷰 기사는 다양한 전임상 동물 실험과 임상 실험을 분석하고 NAFLD 진단을 받은 환자에서 삶을 바꿀 수 있는 다양한 약물 그룹을 요약했습니다. ^[3] nan ^[4] nan ^[5]

Vivo Preclinical Animal Vivo 전임상 동물

STUDY DESIGN In Vivo Preclinical Animal Study METHODS: Eighteen sheep underwent two-level lateral lumbar interbody fusion randomized with either 3DP, PEEK, or TAV interbody spacers (n=6 levels for each spacer per time point). ^[1] Finally, we compare pros and cons to other in vivo preclinical animal models. ^[2] The Mito-high cell population also showed enhanced tumor-initiating activity, in an in vivo preclinical animal model. ^[3]
연구 설계 In Vivo 전임상 동물 연구 방법: 18마리의 양에게 3DP, PEEK 또는 TAV 체간 스페이서로 무작위 배정된 2단계 측면 요추 체간 융합을 받았습니다(시점당 각 스페이서에 대해 n=6 수준). ^[1] 마지막으로 다른 생체 내 전임상 동물 모델과 장단점을 비교합니다. ^[2] nan ^[3]

Appropriate Preclinical Animal 적절한 전임상 동물

Overall, these findings highlight similar trends between the species and suggest that the Wistar rat is an appropriate preclinical animal model to predict the oral drug absorption of P-gp substrates in the human small intestine. ^[1] This reflects a “gap in knowledge”, which likely results from the difficulties in conducting clinical studies in the delivery room, developing appropriate preclinical animal models to study fetal-to-neonatal transition and accurately replicating the scientific knowledge gained from preclinical models into clinical studies. ^[2] As it shares this anatomical similarity with the human eye, the NHP eye is an important and appropriate preclinical animal model for the development of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) such as RPE cell therapy. ^[3]
전반적으로, 이러한 발견은 종 간의 유사한 경향을 강조하고 Wistar 쥐가 인간 소장에서 P-gp 기질의 경구 약물 흡수를 예측하는 적절한 전임상 동물 모델임을 시사합니다. ^[1] 이는 분만실에서 임상 연구를 수행하고, 태아에서 신생아로의 이행을 연구하기 위한 적절한 전임상 동물 모델을 개발하고, 전임상 모델에서 얻은 과학적 지식을 임상 연구에 정확하게 복제하는 어려움에서 기인할 가능성이 있는 "지식의 격차"를 반영합니다. . ^[2] nan ^[3]

Reported Preclinical Animal

The Preclinical evidence of Readiness In stroke Models Evaluating Drugs and Devices (PRIMED2) assessment tool rates the totality of evidence available from all reported preclinical animal stroke model studies in 11 domains related to diversity of tested animals, time windows, feasibility of agent route of delivery, and robustness of effect magnitude. ^[1] The reported preclinical animal model of compromised wound healing enables investigation of tissue engineering technologies in a more clinically relevant scenario, potentially fostering translation of promising results in preclinical research to patients. ^[2]
PRIMED2(뇌졸중 모델 평가 약물 및 장치 평가의 준비 상태에 대한 전임상 증거) 평가 도구는 시험 동물의 다양성, 시간 창, 전달 경로의 가능성과 관련된 11개 영역에서 보고된 모든 전임상 동물 뇌졸중 모델 연구에서 사용할 수 있는 전체 증거를 평가합니다. , 및 효과 크기의 견고성. ^[1] nan ^[2]

Several Preclinical Animal

It has been proved to be an effective neuroprotective agent in several preclinical animal studies and cell line examinations. ^[1] Although the cognitive enhancer potential of alpha7 nAChR agonists and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) has been confirmed in several preclinical animal models, there are only sparse in vivo electrophysiological data on their effects on the firing activity and excitability of neurons. ^[2]
여러 전임상 동물 연구 및 세포주 검사에서 효과적인 신경 보호제로 입증되었습니다. ^[1] nan ^[2]

Relevant Preclinical Animal 관련 전임상 동물

gov) and manual searches were conducted to identify relevant preclinical animal trials up to June 2020. ^[1] Therefore, exploration of relevant preclinical animal models that consider the heterogenic nature of EOC is of great importance for the development of novel therapeutic strategies that can be translated clinically to combat this devastating disease. ^[2]
gov) 및 수동 검색을 수행하여 2020년 6월까지 관련 전임상 동물 실험을 식별했습니다. ^[1] 따라서 EOC의 이종성을 고려하는 관련 전임상 동물 모델의 탐색은 이 파괴적인 질병과 싸우기 위해 임상적으로 번역될 수 있는 새로운 치료 전략의 개발에 매우 ​​중요합니다. ^[2]

Large Preclinical Animal 대형 전임상 동물

Human cardiac progenitor cells (hCPC) are considered a good candidate in cell therapy for ischemic heart disease, demonstrating capacity to improve functional recovery after myocardial infarction (MI), both in small and large preclinical animal models. ^[1] Indeed, investigators have made promising advancements in the treatment for these injuries by utilizing small and large preclinical animal models to validate therapeutic efficacy of next‐generation TE/RM‐based technologies. ^[2]
인간 심장 전구 세포(hCPC)는 허혈성 심장 질환에 대한 세포 요법의 좋은 후보로 간주되며, 소규모 및 대규모 전임상 동물 모델 모두에서 심근경색증(MI) 후 기능 회복을 개선하는 능력을 보여줍니다. ^[1] 실제로, 연구자들은 차세대 TE/RM 기반 기술의 치료 효능을 검증하기 위해 크고 작은 전임상 동물 모델을 활용함으로써 이러한 부상 치료에서 유망한 발전을 이루었습니다. ^[2]

Ideal Preclinical Animal 이상적인 전임상 동물

For the ideal preclinical animal model of hepatitis B virus (HBV), its hepatocytes should allow HBV entry and cccDNA generation and have both innate and adaptive immune systems. ^[1] The minipig is an ideal preclinical animal model for the investigation of therapies for the knee, in part because arthroscopy can be performed in its stifle (knee) joint with the use of standard surgical equipment used in humans. ^[2]
B형 간염 바이러스(HBV)의 이상적인 전임상 동물 모델의 경우, 그 간세포는 HBV 진입 및 cccDNA 생성을 허용하고 선천 및 적응 면역 시스템을 모두 가져야 합니다. ^[1] 미니피그는 무릎 치료법 연구에 이상적인 전임상 동물 모델입니다. 부분적으로는 관절경이 인간에게 사용되는 표준 수술 장비를 사용하여 무릎 관절에서 수행될 수 있기 때문입니다. ^[2]

Useful Preclinical Animal 유용한 전임상 동물

In this chapter, we provide a step-by-step description of the morphine-conditioned place preference (CPP) model that represents a useful preclinical animal model extensively used to study the rewarding/aversive effect of drugs. ^[1] The TNFR2 HuGEMM is a useful preclinical animal model to evaluate the in vivo efficacy and safety of human TNFR2 agonists or antagonists potentially in combination with other immune modulators. ^[2]
이 장에서 우리는 약물의 보람/혐오 효과를 연구하는 데 광범위하게 사용되는 유용한 전임상 동물 모델을 나타내는 모르핀 조건 선호 장소(CPP) 모델에 대한 단계별 설명을 제공합니다. ^[1] TNFR2 HuGEMM은 잠재적으로 다른 면역 조절제와 조합된 인간 TNFR2 작용제 또는 길항제의 생체내 효능 및 안전성을 평가하기 위한 유용한 전임상 동물 모델이다. ^[2]

Three Preclinical Animal 3마리의 전임상 동물

The present study assessed the prothrombotic potential of four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) versus activated PCC (aPCC) and recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa), using three preclinical animal models. ^[1] In the present paper, taking advantage of three preclinical animal models of stroke, we compared the miRNA blood levels of animals subjected to permanent or transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or to collagenase-induced hemorrhagic stroke. ^[2]
현재의 연구는 3개의 전임상 동물 모델을 사용하여 4인자 프로트롬빈 복합 농축물(4F-PCC) 대 활성화된 PCC(aPCC) 및 재조합 인자 VIIa(rFVIIa)의 혈전 잠재력을 평가했습니다. ^[1] 본 논문에서는 뇌졸중의 3가지 전임상 동물 모델을 활용하여 영구적 또는 일시적인 중간 대뇌 동맥 폐색(MCAO) 또는 콜라게나제 유발 출혈성 뇌졸중에 걸린 동물의 miRNA 혈액 수준을 비교했습니다. ^[2]

preclinical animal model 전임상 동물 모델

In our view, the parallel response we detected in this preclinical animal model, both in the eye and in the hippocampus, following i. ^[1] Using a combination of pharmacological and genetic approaches, we establish that inhibition of LGALS1 signalling in BTSCs impairs self-renewal, suppresses tumourigenesis, prolongs lifespan, and improves glioblastoma response to ionizing radiation in preclinical animal models. ^[2] Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) is now becoming a potential alternative to the classical preclinical animal models, which reconstitutes in vitro the basic function of specific human tissues/organs and dynamically simulates physiological or pathological activities in tissue and organ level. ^[3] Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) had been extensively used in numerous in vitro and preclinical animal models for cartilage regeneration, and it has been demonstrated that their therapeutic effects are due to paracrine mechanisms involving EVs. ^[4] Human cardiac progenitor cells (hCPC) are considered a good candidate in cell therapy for ischemic heart disease, demonstrating capacity to improve functional recovery after myocardial infarction (MI), both in small and large preclinical animal models. ^[5] ICAM-1 expression in preclinical animal models can be noninvasively detected by optical imaging and positron emission tomography (PET) using near-infrared fluorescence dye- and 64Cu-labeled imaging probes that we synthesized, respectively. ^[6] Preclinical animal models have been used to understand disease mechanisms and to evaluate novel immunotherapeutic approaches. ^[7] Under the assumption that tumor-induced adaptations of host metabolism and tumor-host energetic competition play a major role in CACS (together with possible toxicities induced by the anticancer treatment), we developed a new Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB)-based framework, modeling tumor-in-host growth dynamics and cachexia onset in preclinical animal models during anticancer treatments. ^[8] Preclinical animal models have demonstrated that dose and timing of PAE account for much but not all, of this phenotypic variation, suggesting that additional factors mitigate effects of PAE. ^[9] However, evidence surrounding the efficacy and mechanisms of these supplements in neuropathic pain is limited, and the scientific literature consists primarily of preclinical animal models, case studies, and small randomized controlled trials (RCTs). ^[10] The discussion will begin with clinical data, including data from preclinical animal models, to elucidate mechanisms. ^[11] Currently, there are few preclinical animal models that suitably represent infection, as the main point of entry to human cells is via human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which is not present in typical preclinical mouse strains. ^[12] During the last decade, the therapeutic potency of Treg immunotherapy has been shown in various preclinical animal models and safety was demonstrated in first clinical trials. ^[13] However, technologies for targeted delivery of proteins to the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract in preclinical animal models are currently lacking. ^[14] Overall, these findings highlight similar trends between the species and suggest that the Wistar rat is an appropriate preclinical animal model to predict the oral drug absorption of P-gp substrates in the human small intestine. ^[15] Finally, we compare pros and cons to other in vivo preclinical animal models. ^[16] Over the last decade, epidemiological studies and work in preclinical animal models have begun to uncover a link between dysbiosis of the maternal gut microbiome and neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. ^[17] Here, we provide a review of animal models used in preclinical histotripsy studies and compare histotripsy ablation in these models using a series of original case reports across a broad spectrum of preclinical animal models and spontaneous tumors in veterinary patients. ^[18] Furthermore, use of this vagal antidepressant code should provide a valuable screening tool for novel potential oral antidepressant candidates in preclinical animal models. ^[19] Conclusion: Several findings, in both preclinical animal models and on human liver specimens, converge in supporting the presence of specific aging hallmarks in the diseases involving these hepatic compartments. ^[20] In the future, AAV9-RNAi-mediated inactivation of TRPM4 could be a promising strategy to increase cardiac contractility in preclinical animal models of acute and chronic forms of cardiac contractile failure. ^[21] Furthermore, ongoing work with the concept has expanded and adapted the geropathology grading system to other preclinical animal model species that are commonly used to understand disease associated phenotypes in aging humans, ultimately adding to the utility of the concept. ^[22] Drug and alcohol use during adolescence is common, and data in both humans and preclinical animal models clearly indicate drug exposure during adolescence increases the risk of substance use and other mental health disorders later in life. ^[23] Here, we demonstrate the use of vaginally delivered drugs to prevent intrauterine inflammation–induced PTB resulting in the birth of live offspring in a preclinical animal model. ^[24] Hence, this review aims to provide insights into various approaches, from conventional cell therapy to 3D bioprinting, and their unmet challenges in treating AMD by outlining the pathophysiology of AMD and the host tissue response with respect to injury, treatment and preclinical animal models. ^[25] In the current investigation, cell-based assays and preclinical animal models reaffirmed the crosstalk between DNA repair and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, and provided new avenues for precision oncology and cancer interception. ^[26] For the ideal preclinical animal model of hepatitis B virus (HBV), its hepatocytes should allow HBV entry and cccDNA generation and have both innate and adaptive immune systems. ^[27] Non-integrative, non-cytopathic and non-inflammatory lentiviral vectors are particularly suitable for mucosal vaccination and recently emerge as a promising strategy to elicit sterilizing prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 in preclinical animal models. ^[28] The review gives an overview of the approaches taken, including fabrication of novel scaffolds, incorporation of growth factors and cell-based therapies, and discusses the preclinical animal models we employ in the development pathway. ^[29] In this chapter, we provide a step-by-step description of the morphine-conditioned place preference (CPP) model that represents a useful preclinical animal model extensively used to study the rewarding/aversive effect of drugs. ^[30] Additionally, trials of oligonucleotide therapeutics and experiments with some small-molecule NNMT inhibitors in vitro and in preclinical animal models have validated NNMT as a promising therapeutic target to prevent or treat obesity and associated T2D. ^[31] More specifically, it summarises the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-EVs in 60 preclinical animal models of AKI and CKD and the cargo of biomolecules they deliver. ^[32] Conclusion Our findings will offer a preclinical animal model for genetically investigating hepatocarcinogenesis and provide a useful platform for high-throughput anticancer drug screening. ^[33] A long-term selection experiment in rats confirms a divide for cardiovascular risks between low- and high-capacity runners (LCR and HCR, respectively), equipping us with a preclinical animal model to uncover new mechanisms. ^[34] Aim: The purpose of our research was to apply endovascular technology and techniques and construct a preclinical animal model of intrathecal spinal cord imaging using optical coherence tomography (OCT). ^[35] Conclusions Stem cell application during prenatal period in preclinical animal models is safe and effective. ^[36] Such preclinical animal models often suffer from fundamental species differences and rarely recapitulate all facets of neurologic conditions, whereas conventional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro models fail to capture the three-dimensional spatial organization and cell-to-cell interactions of brain tissue that are presumed to be critical to the function of the central nervous system. ^[37] This review summarises the preclinical animal models used to evaluate the key opioid-induced behaviours of antinociception, respiratory depression, constipation and opioid-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance. ^[38] Importantly, MSC spheroids have been applied in various preclinical animal models including wound healing, bone and osteochondral defects, and cardiovascular diseases showing safety and efficacy in vivo. ^[39] The aim of this study was to determine if a clinical ultrasound contrast agent (UCA), Definity, and 220 kHz pulsed ultrasound accelerated rt-PA thrombolysis in a preclinical animal model of vascular occlusion. ^[40] In preparation for a phase I clinical study, we evaluated the safety, dosing, and efficacy of bone marrow–derived MSCs after subconjunctival injection in preclinical animal models of mice, rats, and rabbits. ^[41] The present study assessed the prothrombotic potential of four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) versus activated PCC (aPCC) and recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa), using three preclinical animal models. ^[42] Indeed, investigators have made promising advancements in the treatment for these injuries by utilizing small and large preclinical animal models to validate therapeutic efficacy of next‐generation TE/RM‐based technologies. ^[43] While human genomic analyses and preclinical animal models have revealed critical IBD risk genes and circuits, environmental effects remain poorly defined. ^[44] Conclusions The results presented here show the potential of YF17D/HBc-C as a vaccine candidate to treat CHB, and warrant follow-up studies in preclinical animal models of HBV persistence in which other candidate vaccines have been unable to achieve a sustained virologic response. ^[45] Using a combination of pharmacological and genetic approaches, we establish that inhibition of LGALS1 signaling in BTSCs impairs self-renewal, suppresses tumorigenesis, prolongs lifespan, and improves glioblastoma response to ionizing radiation in preclinical animal models. ^[46] Moreover, ACE2 has inhibitory effects on tumor proliferation in ccRCC in vitro and in preclinical animal models of ccRCC. ^[47] Indeed, conditions of metabolic stress have been associated with alterations in pubertal timing in preclinical animal models and humans; a phenomenon that not only affects the reproductive axis itself but may also impact other bodily functions. ^[48] Therefore, several small‐molecule inhibitors have been identified to block the hyperactivation of this signalling pathway in COPD patients, many of them showing promising outcomes in both preclinical animal models of COPD and human clinical trials. ^[49] We then summarize the status of EV-based therapeutic advances in preclinical animal models for these conditions. ^[50]
우리의 견해로는 이 전임상 동물 모델에서 눈과 해마 모두에서 감지한 병렬 반응이 i. ^[1] 약리학적 접근과 유전적 접근의 조합을 사용하여 우리는 BTSC에서 LGALS1 신호 전달의 억제가 자가 재생을 손상시키고 종양 형성을 억제하며 수명을 연장하고 전임상 동물 모델에서 이온화 방사선에 대한 교모세포종 반응을 개선한다는 것을 확립했습니다. ^[2] OOC(Organ-on-a-chip)는 이제 특정 인간 조직/장기의 기본 기능을 시험관 내에서 재구성하고 조직 및 장기 수준에서 생리학적 또는 병리학적 활동을 동적으로 시뮬레이션하는 고전적인 전임상 동물 모델에 대한 잠재적인 대안이 되고 있습니다. ^[3] 중간엽 줄기 세포(MSCs)는 연골 재생을 위한 수많은 시험관 내 및 전임상 동물 모델에서 광범위하게 사용되었으며, 그 치료 효과는 EV와 관련된 측분비 기전으로 인한 것으로 입증되었습니다. ^[4] 인간 심장 전구 세포(hCPC)는 허혈성 심장 질환에 대한 세포 요법의 좋은 후보로 간주되며, 소규모 및 대규모 전임상 동물 모델 모두에서 심근경색증(MI) 후 기능 회복을 개선하는 능력을 보여줍니다. ^[5] 전임상 동물 모델에서 ICAM-1 발현은 우리가 합성한 근적외선 형광 염료 및 64Cu 표지 이미징 프로브를 사용하여 광학 이미징 및 양전자 방출 단층 촬영(PET)으로 비침습적으로 검출할 수 있습니다. ^[6] 전임상 동물 모델은 질병 기전을 이해하고 새로운 면역 치료 접근법을 평가하는 데 사용되었습니다. ^[7] 숙주 대사의 종양 유발 적응 및 종양 숙주 에너지 경쟁이 CACS에서 중요한 역할을 한다는 가정 하에(항암 치료에 의해 유도된 가능한 독성과 함께), 우리는 새로운 동적 에너지 예산(DEB) 기반 프레임워크를 개발했습니다. 항암 치료 중 전임상 동물 모델에서 숙주 내 종양 성장 역학 및 악액질 발병. ^[8] 전임상 동물 모델은 PAE의 용량과 시기가 이 표현형 변이의 전부는 아니지만 대부분을 설명하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 추가 요인이 PAE의 영향을 완화한다는 것을 시사합니다. ^[9] 그러나 신경병증성 통증에서 이러한 보충제의 효능과 메커니즘을 둘러싼 증거는 제한적이며 과학 문헌은 주로 전임상 동물 모델, 사례 연구 및 소규모 무작위 대조 시험(RCT)으로 구성됩니다. ^[10] 논의는 메커니즘을 설명하기 위해 전임상 동물 모델의 데이터를 포함한 임상 데이터로 시작됩니다. ^[11] 현재 인간 세포로의 주요 진입 지점은 전형적인 전임상 마우스 균주에 존재하지 않는 인간 안지오텐신 전환 효소 2(ACE2)를 통해 감염을 나타내는 전임상 동물 모델이 거의 없습니다. ^[12] 지난 10년 동안 Treg 면역요법의 치료 효능은 다양한 전임상 동물 모델에서 나타났고 첫 번째 임상 시험에서 안전성이 입증되었습니다. ^[13] 그러나 전임상 동물 모델에서 하부 위장관(GI)으로 단백질을 표적으로 전달하는 기술은 현재 부족합니다. ^[14] 전반적으로, 이러한 발견은 종 간의 유사한 경향을 강조하고 Wistar 쥐가 인간 소장에서 P-gp 기질의 경구 약물 흡수를 예측하는 적절한 전임상 동물 모델임을 시사합니다. ^[15] 마지막으로 다른 생체 내 전임상 동물 모델과 장단점을 비교합니다. ^[16] 지난 10년 동안 역학 연구와 전임상 동물 모델 작업을 통해 산모의 장내 미생물 불균형과 자손의 신경 발달 장애 사이의 연관성을 밝히기 시작했습니다. ^[17] 여기에서 우리는 전임상 조직학 연구에 사용된 동물 모델에 대한 리뷰를 제공하고 광범위한 전임상 동물 모델 및 수의학 환자의 자발적 종양에 대한 일련의 원본 사례 보고서를 사용하여 이러한 모델에서 조직 트립시술 절제를 비교합니다. ^[18] 또한, 이 미주신경 항우울제 코드의 사용은 전임상 동물 모델에서 새로운 잠재적 경구 항우울제 후보에 대한 귀중한 스크리닝 도구를 제공해야 합니다. ^[19] 결론: 전임상 동물 모델과 인간 간 표본 모두에서 여러 발견이 이러한 간 구획과 관련된 질병의 특정 노화 특징의 존재를 뒷받침하는 데 수렴됩니다. ^[20] 미래에 TRPM4의 AAV9-RNAi 매개 비활성화는 급성 및 만성 형태의 심장 수축 부전의 전임상 동물 모델에서 심장 수축을 증가시키는 유망한 전략이 될 수 있습니다. ^[21] 더욱이, 이 개념에 대한 지속적인 작업은 노화 인간의 질병 관련 표현형을 이해하는 데 일반적으로 사용되는 다른 전임상 동물 모델 종으로 노인병리학 등급 시스템을 확장하고 적용하여 궁극적으로 개념의 유용성을 추가했습니다. ^[22] 청소년기의 약물 및 알코올 사용은 일반적이며 인간 및 전임상 동물 모델의 데이터는 청소년기의 약물 노출이 나중에 물질 사용 및 기타 정신 건강 장애의 위험을 증가시킨다는 것을 분명히 나타냅니다. ^[23] 여기에서 우리는 전임상 동물 모델에서 살아있는 자손의 탄생을 초래하는 자궁 내 염증으로 인한 PTB를 예방하기 위해 질 전달 약물의 사용을 보여줍니다. ^[24] 따라서 이 검토는 손상, 치료 및 전임상 동물 모델과 관련하여 AMD의 병태생리 및 숙주 조직 반응을 설명함으로써 기존의 세포 요법에서 3D 바이오프린팅에 이르기까지 다양한 접근 방식과 AMD 치료의 미충족 과제에 대한 통찰력을 제공하는 것을 목표로 합니다. ^[25] 현재 조사에서 세포 기반 분석과 전임상 동물 모델은 DNA 복구와 후성 유전적 조절 메커니즘 사이의 누화를 재확인하고 정밀 종양학 및 암 차단을 위한 새로운 길을 제공했습니다. ^[26] B형 간염 바이러스(HBV)의 이상적인 전임상 동물 모델의 경우, 그 간세포는 HBV 진입 및 cccDNA 생성을 허용하고 선천 및 적응 면역 시스템을 모두 가져야 합니다. ^[27] 비통합성, 비세포변성 및 비염증성 렌티바이러스 벡터는 점막 백신 접종에 특히 적합하며 최근 전임상 동물 모델에서 SARS-CoV-2에 대한 살균 예방을 이끌어내는 유망한 전략으로 부상하고 있습니다. ^[28] 이 검토에서는 새로운 스캐폴드의 제작, 성장 인자 및 세포 기반 요법의 통합을 포함하여 취해진 접근 방식에 대한 개요를 제공하고 개발 경로에서 사용하는 전임상 동물 모델에 대해 논의합니다. ^[29] 이 장에서 우리는 약물의 보람/혐오 효과를 연구하는 데 광범위하게 사용되는 유용한 전임상 동물 모델을 나타내는 모르핀 조건 선호 장소(CPP) 모델에 대한 단계별 설명을 제공합니다. ^[30] 또한, 시험관 내 및 전임상 동물 모델에서 올리고뉴클레오티드 치료제 및 일부 소분자 NNMT 억제제를 사용한 실험에서 NNMT가 비만 및 관련 T2D를 예방하거나 치료하기 위한 유망한 치료 표적으로 입증되었습니다. ^[31] nan ^[32] nan ^[33] nan ^[34] nan ^[35] nan ^[36] nan ^[37] nan ^[38] 중요한 것은 MSC 스페로이드가 상처 치유, 뼈 및 골연골 결함, 생체 내에서 안전성과 효능을 나타내는 심혈관 질환을 포함한 다양한 전임상 동물 모델에 적용되었다는 것입니다. ^[39] nan ^[40] nan ^[41] 현재의 연구는 3개의 전임상 동물 모델을 사용하여 4인자 프로트롬빈 복합 농축물(4F-PCC) 대 활성화된 PCC(aPCC) 및 재조합 인자 VIIa(rFVIIa)의 혈전 잠재력을 평가했습니다. ^[42] 실제로, 연구자들은 차세대 TE/RM 기반 기술의 치료 효능을 검증하기 위해 크고 작은 전임상 동물 모델을 활용함으로써 이러한 부상 치료에서 유망한 발전을 이루었습니다. ^[43] nan ^[44] nan ^[45] nan ^[46] nan ^[47] nan ^[48] nan ^[49] nan ^[50]

preclinical animal study 전임상 동물 연구

STUDY DESIGN In Vivo Preclinical Animal Study METHODS: Eighteen sheep underwent two-level lateral lumbar interbody fusion randomized with either 3DP, PEEK, or TAV interbody spacers (n=6 levels for each spacer per time point). ^[1] In addition, these preclinical animal studies represent a paradigm for epidemiological studies of the human population exposed to chronic and subacute administration of Cd, suggesting avoiding environmental contaminants. ^[2] Current preclinical animal studies have confirmed a large number of proteins and intracellular signaling pathways involved in the pathological process of Cd-induced male reproductive damage and potential measures for prophylaxis and treatment, which primarily include antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and essential ion supplement. ^[3] Preclinical animal studies are necessary for a thorough investigation of the mechanisms of graft integration, the risk of hernia development and the alloimmune response against the graft. ^[4] However, the amount of preclinical animal study registry was quite less (n = 4). ^[5] New methods for the preclinical animal study and new tools for the evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of hernia mesh, such as computational modeling, big data platform and evidence-based research, were assessed. ^[6] This is based on extensive preclinical animal studies that demonstrate that pairing non-tinnitus sounds with VNS results in a tonotopic map plasticity. ^[7] Very few clinical studies have been conducted, and it’s urgent to implement preclinical animal studies devoted to pharmacological test and screening, to expand the rose of compounds potentially attractive for clinical trials. ^[8] Although ASD and CH have been extensively studied as independent entities, recent human genomic and preclinical animal studies have uncovered shared molecular pathophysiology. ^[9] Further preclinical animal studies and larger clinical studies are needed to further understand the age-dependent effects of H3K27 M mutation. ^[10] Preclinical animal studies or clinical protocol designs frequently limited by the dose-number or dose-range involved, especial for multiple candidate drugs and their combinations. ^[11] Task specific rehabilitation training is commonly used to treat motor dysfunction after neurological injures such as spinal cord injury (SCI), yet the use of task specific training in preclinical animal studies of SCI is not common. ^[12] The novelty of the present review lies in summarizing the outcomes of the preclinical animal studies and clinical trials conducted on various types of meningococcal vaccines till date and thereby highlighting the paucities in the existing information which can facilitate understanding the present scenario, challenges, and future scope in the field of meningococcal vaccine development. ^[13] This review presents the findings of retrospective clinical studies, preclinical animal studies, and discusses how and why 17α-ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate should be considered for investigation within a prospective clinical trial. ^[14] However, the clinical translation of cardioprotective interventions that have proven to be beneficial in preclinical animal studies, has been challenging. ^[15] Inner ear gene therapy is a promising approach to restore sensorineural hearing loss, for which several gene therapy applications have been studied and reported in preclinical animal studies. ^[16] Based on preclinical animal studies, SGLT-2i have shown a beneficial effect on NAFLD, inducing histologically proven amelioration of hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. ^[17] The majority of the articles reviewed here focus on preclinical animal studies where proof-of-principle of an improved efficacy–safety ratio is observed when using liposomal formulations. ^[18] We examined the effect of sensitive period-regulating genetic pathways identified in preclinical animal studies, alone and in interaction with socioeconomic disadvantage, a common childhood adversity, on depression risk. ^[19] Preclinical animal studies and preliminary clinical trials have shown promising effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) to reduce disease risk without compromising physical performance. ^[20] Purpose To perform a systematic review of preclinical animal studies on biological modulation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) concerning the time and site of delivery. ^[21] Preclinical animal study. ^[22] Existing methodologies are potent but could be certainly developed and improved further for better characterization of the SV in human and for investigations of new devices, surgical techniques and pharmacological treatment in preclinical animal studies. ^[23] Here, we summarize recent advances in the role of SPMs in resolution of inflammatory diseases with metabolic disorders, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity, obtained from preclinical animal studies. ^[24] Preclinical animal studies have repeatedly highlighted the effects of antibiotics on brain activity; however, translational studies in humans are still missing. ^[25] BACKGROUND Preclinical animal studies and retrospective human studies suggest that adult females have worse outcomes from influenza than males. ^[26] The concept of dynamic fusion has been proposed to enhance fusion and reduce implant subsidence rate and post-fusion stiffness; this pilot preclinical animal study was conducted to begin to compare rigid and dynamic fusion in ACDF. ^[27] Therefore, this review examines a total of 33 included studies: 21 human studies and 12 preclinical animal studies. ^[28] Tracer development for positron emission tomography (PET) requires thorough evaluation of pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and dosimetry of candidate radioligands in preclinical animal studies. ^[29] Diet is a leading causative risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet it is rarely considered in the design of preclinical animal studies. ^[30] STUDY DESIGN Preclinical animal study with 14 male, 7 month old Gottingen mini-pigs. ^[31] Preclinical animal studies have supported their anti-tumor activity, suggesting IL-15 as a general method to convert “cold” tumors into “hot”, by promoting tumor lymphocyte infiltration. ^[32] Over the past decade, ultrasound has become a valuable tool in preclinical animal studies and clinical practice in many areas of the brain. ^[33] Further, preclinical animal studies indicate combination of GRP-R antagonist (targeting ARVs) with anti-androgen [targeting full-length AR (AR-FL)] is sufficient to inhibit CRPC and tNEPC tumor growth. ^[34] In this regard, we present a comprehensive review of the current literature, both clinical and preclinical animal studies, on the cardiorespiratory findings in epilepsy and elucidate the possible pathological mechanisms of these findings, in hopes to prevent SUDEP especially in patients who are drug resistant. ^[35] Preclinical animal studies demonstrated a greater anti-neoplastic efficacy of the drug combination (deoxyuridine analogue and PARP inhibitor) than either drug alone. ^[36] Through careful protocol design and collaboration, sensory processing phenotypes can be harnessed to bridge the gap that exists between preclinical animal studies and human testing, so that mutually held questions in autism research can be answered. ^[37] It has been proved to be an effective neuroprotective agent in several preclinical animal studies and cell line examinations. ^[38] To assess whether the eye is one of the transmission routes of the virus, we review literature, and summarize the anatomy of the eye-nose pathway, the expression of the virus receptor in the eye, the preclinical animal studies, and the clinical data. ^[39] Up until now, several beneficial cardiovascular effects of MO, in the form of extracts (aqueous, alcoholic, and hydroalcoholic), essential oil, and isolated compounds, have been confirmed in preclinical animal studies, such as antiarrhythmogenic, negative chronotropic and dromotropic, hypotensive, vasorelaxant, and infarct size–reducing effects. ^[40] Preclinical animal studies demonstrate markedly impaired acetylcholine (ACh)-mediated endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation within days to weeks post-irradiation, however, whether microvascular function is affected in the intact human circulation during cancer radiation therapy has yet to be determined. ^[41] Such discussions include considering when there is sufficient evidence from preclinical animal studies to start first-in-human xenotransplantation trials. ^[42] Method: An in vivo experimental study was conducted in the laboratory for preclinical animal studies and pharmaco-toxicology research, of FMBS, UY1 Cameroon. ^[43] Tools available to evaluate pharmaceutical-induced platelet risks in the clinic and in preclinical animal studies are also introduced. ^[44] The clinical evidence of renal protection of NO gas therapy is supported by preclinical animal studies exploring the extrapulmonary protective effects of NO. ^[45] In conclusion, our mouse model of RLN injury provides several novel functional outcome measures to increase the translational potential of findings in preclinical animal studies. ^[46] A preclinical animal study was designed to evaluate pharmacologic advantage (PA), efficacy and survival. ^[47] Thus, investigation of the metabolic pathways used by NIR probes such as cy-2-glu advances their use in the detection and monitoring of tumor progression in preclinical animal studies. ^[48] Preclinical animal studies have demonstrated an association between maternal use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and embryofetal toxicity; yet, multiple clinical case series have reported normal pregnancy outcomes and healthy infants in women on these medications during the course of their pregnancy. ^[49] In vitro and preclinical animal studies have shown that osimertinib exerts antitumor activity against EGFR exon 20 mutation positive NSCLC. ^[50]
연구 설계 In Vivo 전임상 동물 연구 방법: 18마리의 양에게 3DP, PEEK 또는 TAV 체간 스페이서로 무작위 배정된 2단계 측면 요추 체간 융합을 받았습니다(시점당 각 스페이서에 대해 n=6 수준). ^[1] 또한, 이러한 전임상 동물 연구는 Cd의 만성 및 아급성 투여에 노출된 인간 인구에 대한 역학 연구의 패러다임을 나타내며, 이는 환경 오염 물질을 피할 수 있음을 시사합니다. ^[2] 현재의 전임상 동물 연구는 Cd로 유발된 남성 생식 손상의 병리학적 과정과 관련된 많은 단백질과 세포내 신호 전달 경로를 확인했으며 주로 항산화제, 항염증제 및 필수 이온 보충제를 포함하는 예방 및 치료를 위한 잠재적 조치를 확인했습니다. ^[3] 이식편 통합 기전, 탈장 발병 위험 및 이식편에 대한 동종면역 반응에 대한 철저한 조사를 위해서는 전임상 동물 연구가 필요합니다. ^[4] 그러나 전임상 동물 연구 레지스트리의 양은 상당히 적었습니다(n = 4). ^[5] 전임상 동물 연구를 위한 새로운 방법과 전산 모델링, 빅 데이터 플랫폼 및 증거 기반 연구와 같은 탈장 메쉬의 안전성 및 유효성 평가를 위한 새로운 도구가 평가되었습니다. ^[6] 이것은 비이명 소리와 VNS를 짝지으면 tonotopic map plasticity가 발생한다는 것을 보여주는 광범위한 전임상 동물 연구를 기반으로 합니다. ^[7] 수행된 임상 연구는 거의 없으며, 임상 시험에 잠재적으로 매력적인 화합물의 증가를 확대하기 위해 약리학적 테스트 및 스크리닝에 전념하는 전임상 동물 연구를 구현하는 것이 시급합니다. ^[8] ASD와 CH가 독립적인 개체로 광범위하게 연구되었지만 최근 인간 게놈 및 전임상 동물 연구에서 공유 분자 병태 생리학이 밝혀졌습니다. ^[9] H3K27 M 돌연변이의 연령 의존적 영향을 더 이해하기 위해서는 추가적인 전임상 동물 연구와 대규모 임상 연구가 필요합니다. ^[10] nan ^[11] nan ^[12] nan ^[13] nan ^[14] nan ^[15] nan ^[16] nan ^[17] nan ^[18] nan ^[19] nan ^[20] nan ^[21] nan ^[22] nan ^[23] nan ^[24] nan ^[25] nan ^[26] nan ^[27] nan ^[28] nan ^[29] nan ^[30] nan ^[31] nan ^[32] nan ^[33] nan ^[34] nan ^[35] nan ^[36] nan ^[37] 여러 전임상 동물 연구 및 세포주 검사에서 효과적인 신경 보호제로 입증되었습니다. ^[38] nan ^[39] nan ^[40] nan ^[41] nan ^[42] nan ^[43]