Glycolytic Enzymes
해당효소

Glycolytic Enzymes(해당효소)란 무엇입니까?

Glycolytic Enzymes 해당효소 - , lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) and reported that the combination of LPMOs with other glycolytic enzymes are found efficient. ^[1] Differences in amylase, glucose transporters, and glycolytic enzymes are consistent with species differences in starch and glucose handling between cats and dogs. ^[2] The autoantibodies against retinal proteins and glycolytic enzymes were reported to be involved in the pathogenesis. ^[3] ETV4 loss significantly inhibits the expression of HK2, LDHA as well as other glycolytic enzymes, reduces glucose uptake and lactate release in breast cancer cells. ^[4] Low-GI foods lower the systemic glucose level, inhibit the glycolytic enzymes and DPP-IV activity and hence desirable for diabetes management. ^[5] Comprehensive proteomics analysis revealed the significant reduction of SNARE proteins and glycolytic enzymes in synaptosomal fraction, with downregulation of ATP production. ^[6] In this review, we summarize the dysfunctions of glycolytic enzymes in urothelial cancer and discuss the relevant phenotype and signal transduction. ^[7] Glycolytic enzymes have been regarded as challenging drug targets because of their highly conserved active sites and phosphorylated substrates. ^[8] Analysis of infiltrating immune cells displayed that higher expression of IFI27 expression correlates with decreased CD8 + T cells and increased M2 macrophages in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), then biochemical analyses of a mouse model and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining verified that glycolytic enzymes and M2 macrophages increased significantly in pancreatic cancer tissues. ^[9] The rapid turnover of these molecules in proliferative cancer cells maintains a low-level of citrate, precluding its retro-inhibition on glycolytic enzymes. ^[10] YY1 controls the glycolytic flux in the catabolic pathway by regulating the glucose uptake rate and the expression of glycolytic enzymes, providing energy to support tumor growth. ^[11] RESULTS Uninjured intrasynovial tendons were avascular, contained high levels of proteoglycans, and expressed inflammatory factors, complement proteins, and glycolytic enzymes. ^[12] In addition, the activities of glycolytic enzymes including pyruvate kinase, hexokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase were linearly increased after exposure to H2O2. ^[13] Thus, a lower relative oxygen supply induces sexual maturation, and later a slowing and cessation of growth, along with an increase of physiological processes relying on glycolytic enzymes and a declining role of oxidative enzymes. ^[14] Further exploration found that mRNA levels of glycolytic enzymes (HK-1, PKM) and TCA cycle enzymes (SDHA, IDH3G) are respectively down-regulated and up-regulated by lactate, and increased histone lactylation was observed in promoters of HK-1 and IDH3G via chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. ^[15] Furthermore, clinical data showed that circZNF91 was significantly upregulated in PC tissues and correlated with overexpression of glycolytic enzymes and short overall survival time. ^[16] Using embryonic chicken sensory neurons, we report that glycolytic enzymes are found through the axon and the growth cone. ^[17] It has been proven that the action of 3-BP is pleiotropic: it acts on proteins, glycolytic enzymes, reduces the amount of ATP, induces the formation of ROS (reactive oxygen species), and induces nuclear DNA damage. ^[18] This revealed that the transcriptome of midgut-derived parasites is dynamic, starting with the expression of high affinity hexose transporters and glycolytic enzymes and then switching to proline uptake and catabolism. ^[19] The expression of glycolytic enzymes was analysed by PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence. ^[20] Quantitative phosphoproteomics revealed up-regulated phosphorylated myofibrillar proteins and glycolytic enzymes in 120BM contributed to chewier meat with higher WHC. ^[21] Using a genetically encoded fluorescent adenosine triphosphate (ATP) biosensor, we found decreased ATP concentration in the neuronal somata of aged flies, correlated with decreased glucose content, expression of glucose transporter and glycolytic enzymes and mitochondrial quality. ^[22] Glycolytic enzymes are crucial molecules for the survival and development of E. ^[23] Glycerol production decreases the concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphoshate (FBP), which then activates Cra resulting in the downregulation of glycolytic enzymes and upregulation of gluconeogenesis enzymes. ^[24] Nonetheless, cancer cells can maintain an alkaline intracellular pH (pHi) relative to untransformed cells, which sets the stage for optimal functioning of glycolytic enzymes, evasion of cell death, and increased proliferation and motility. ^[25] Cancer cells upregulate the expression levels of glycolytic enzymes in order to reach the increased glycolysis required. ^[26] The analysis of mdx-4cv EOMs identified elevated levels of glycolytic enzymes and molecular chaperones, as well as decreases in mitochondrial enzymes. ^[27] Levels of oxidative stress markers, ketone bodies, glycolytic intermediates, mitochondrial respiration, and activities of antioxidant and glycolytic enzymes were assessed in cortex from 6-, 12- and 18-month old C57BL/6 J mice. ^[28] Mitochondrial complex I subunits and glycolytic enzymes were decreased in abundance as well, and proteins involved in glutamine-dependent anaplerosis were increased, suggesting that old flies modify energy production to limit oxidative damage. ^[29] We have reported that many glycolytic enzymes, such as pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), were elevated in the renal glomeruli of type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients who were protected from DN. ^[30] It is widely assumed that this is a consequence of the upregulation of glycolytic enzymes. ^[31] The activities of glycolytic enzymes, namely hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase were also lower in muscle of EODF than AL mouse groups, whereas the activity of glycogen phosphorylase was higher in EODF males and the activities of phosphofructokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase did not differ between two animal groups. ^[32] The iTRAQ proteomic analysis revealed that a cluster of glycolytic enzymes including malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic, L-lactate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate mutase and pyruvate kinase, and another cluster of proteins involved in oxygen transport and binding (myoglobin) and hemoglobin complex (including Globin A1 and hemoglobin subunit alpha) were decreased during the postmortem storage. ^[33] 5 nM paclitaxel were exposed to low-glucose media for 2 weeks, and the expression levels of ELAVL2, ELAVL4, glycolytic enzymes, and drug resistance-related proteins were elevated to levels comparable to those in cells resistant to 100 nM paclitaxel. ^[34] MuRF1-mediated ubiquitination targeted both thick and thin filament contractile proteins, as well as, glycolytic enzymes, deubiquitinases, p62, and VCP. ^[35] Glycolytic enzymes and chaperones, however, show decreased phosphorylation with increasing specific growth rates, resulting in an overall increased activity that is associated with increased flux through these pathways. ^[36] Among those, we identified transcription factors, glycolytic enzymes and IL-2 signalling mediators. ^[37] pseudotuberculosis showed similar nodes, hub proteins and functional linkages between glycolytic enzymes.